Create and send messages

To create and send actionable messages, use either an Incoming Webhook or a Microsoft 365 connector. However, the actionable messages are accessible only to users with an Exchange Online license.

Create actionable messages

The actionable messages include six visible buttons on the card. Each button is defined in the potentialAction property of the message by using ActionCard actions, each with an input type, a text field, a date picker, or a multiple-choice list. Each ActionCard has an associated action, for example HttpPOST.

The connector cards support the following actions:

• ActionCard: Presents one or more input types and associated actions.
• HttpPOST: Sends POST request to a URL.
• OpenUri: Opens URI in a separate browser or app. Optionally, targets different URIs based on operating systems.

The ActionCard action supports three input types:

• TextInput: A single line or multiline text field with an optional length limit.
• DateInput: A date selector with an optional time selector.
• MultichoiceInput: An enumerated list of choices offering either a single selection or multiple selections.

MultichoiceInput supports a style property that controls whether the list initially appears fully expanded. The default value of style depends on the value of isMultiSelect as follows:

To display the multiple-selection list in the compact style, specify "isMultiSelect": true and "style": true.

For more information on connector card actions, see Actions.

Send a message through Incoming Webhook or connector for Microsoft 365 Groups

To send a message through your Incoming Webhook or connector for Microsoft 365 Groups, post a JSON payload to the webhook URL. This payload must be in the form of a connector card for Microsoft 365 Groups.

You can also use this JSON to create cards containing rich inputs, such as text entry, multiselect, or selecting date and time. The code that generates the card and posts it to the webhook URL can run on any hosted service. These cards are defined as part of actionable messages and are also supported in cards used in Teams bots and message extensions.

Example of connector message

An example of connector message is as follows:

{
    "@type": "MessageCard",
    "@context": "http://schema.org/extensions",
    "themeColor": "0076D7",
    "summary": "Larry Bryant created a new task",
    "sections": [{
        "activityTitle": "Larry Bryant created a new task",
        "activitySubtitle": "On Project Tango",
        "activityImage": "https://adaptivecards.io/content/cats/3.png",
        "facts": [{
            "name": "Assigned to",
            "value": "Unassigned"
        }, {
            "name": "Due date",
            "value": "Mon May 01 2017 17:07:18 GMT-0700 (Pacific Daylight Time)"
        }, {
            "name": "Status",
            "value": "Not started"
        }],
        "markdown": true
    }],
    "potentialAction": [{
        "@type": "ActionCard",
        "name": "Add a comment",
        "inputs": [{
            "@type": "TextInput",
            "id": "comment",
            "isMultiline": false,
            "title": "Add a comment here for this task"
        }],
        "actions": [{
            "@type": "HttpPOST",
            "name": "Add comment",
            "target": "https://zcusa.951200.xyz/outlook/actionable-messages"
        }]
    }, {
        "@type": "ActionCard",
        "name": "Set due date",
        "inputs": [{
            "@type": "DateInput",
            "id": "dueDate",
            "title": "Enter a due date for this task"
        }],
        "actions": [{
            "@type": "HttpPOST",
            "name": "Save",
            "target": "https://zcusa.951200.xyz/outlook/actionable-messages"
        }]
    }, {
        "@type": "OpenUri",
        "name": "Learn More",
        "targets": [{
            "os": "default",
            "uri": "https://zcusa.951200.xyz/outlook/actionable-messages"
        }]
    }, {
        "@type": "ActionCard",
        "name": "Change status",
        "inputs": [{
            "@type": "MultichoiceInput",
            "id": "list",
            "title": "Select a status",
            "isMultiSelect": "false",
            "choices": [{
                "display": "In Progress",
                "value": "1"
            }, {
                "display": "Active",
                "value": "2"
            }, {
                "display": "Closed",
                "value": "3"
            }]
        }],
        "actions": [{
            "@type": "HttpPOST",
            "name": "Save",
            "target": "https://zcusa.951200.xyz/outlook/actionable-messages"
        }]
    }]
}

The following image is an example of the connector message card in a channel:

Send messages using cURL and PowerShell

Send Adaptive Cards using an Incoming Webhook

To send Adaptive Cards with text or a Base64 encoded image through an Incoming Webhook, follow these steps:

1. Set up a custom webhook in Teams.
2. Create Adaptive Card JSON file using the following code:

    {
       "type":"message",
       "attachments":[
          {
             "contentType":"application/vnd.microsoft.card.adaptive",
             "contentUrl":null,
             "content":{
                "$schema":"http://adaptivecards.io/schemas/adaptive-card.json",
                "type":"AdaptiveCard",
                "version":"1.2",
                "body":[
                    {
                    "type": "TextBlock",
                    "text": "For Samples and Templates, see [https://adaptivecards.io/samples](https://adaptivecards.io/samples)"
                    }
                ]
             }
          }
       ]
    }

    {
      "type": "message",
      "attachments": [
        {
          "contentType": "application/vnd.microsoft.card.adaptive",
          "content": {
            "type": "AdaptiveCard",
            "body": [
              {
                "type": "Image",
                "url": "data:image/jpeg;base64,/xxxxxxxx"
              }
            ],
            "$schema": "http://adaptivecards.io/schemas/adaptive-card.json",
            "version": "1.0"
          }
        }
      ]
    }

1. Test your Adaptive Card with Postman:

   1. Test the Adaptive Card using Postman to send a POST request to the URL, created to set up Incoming Webhook.
   2. Paste the JSON file in the body of the request and view the Adaptive Card message in Teams.

Rate limiting for connectors

Application rate limits control the traffic that a connector or an Incoming Webhook is permitted to generate on a channel. Teams tracks requests using a fixed rate window and incremental counter measured in seconds. If more than four requests are made in a second, the client connection is throttled until the window refreshes for the duration of the fixed rate.

Transactions per second thresholds

The following table provides the time based transaction details:

// Please note that response body needs to be extracted and read 
// as Connectors do not throw 429s
try
{
    // Perform Connector POST operation     
    var httpResponseMessage = await _client.PostAsync(IncomingWebhookUrl, new StringContent(content));
    // Read response content
    var responseContent = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    if (responseContent.Contains("Microsoft Teams endpoint returned HTTP error 429")) 
    {
        // initiate retry logic
    }
}

These limits are in place to reduce spamming a channel by a connector and ensures an optimal experience to users.

See also

• Webhooks and connectors
• Create Incoming Webhooks
• Create Outgoing Webhooks
• Rate limiting for Teams bots messages
• Format cards in Microsoft Teams
• Adaptive Cards
• App manifest schema for Teams