CA2114: Method security should be a superset of type

Applies to: Visual Studio Visual Studio for Mac

Cause

A type has declarative security and one of its methods has declarative security for the same security action, and the security action is not Link Demands, and the permissions checked by the type are not a subset of the permissions checked by the method.

Rule description

A method should not have both a method-level and type-level declarative security for the same action. The two checks are not combined; only the method-level demand is applied. For example, if a type demands permission X, and one of its methods demands permission Y, code does not have to have permission X to execute the method.

How to fix violations

Review your code to make sure that both actions are required. If both actions are required, make sure that the method-level action includes the security specified at the type level. For example, if your type demands permission X, and its method must also demand permission Y, the method should explicitly demand X and Y.

When to suppress warnings

It is safe to suppress a warning from this rule if the method does not require the security specified by the type. However, this is not an ordinary scenario and might indicate a need for a careful design review.

Example 1

The following example uses environment permissions to demonstrate the dangers of violating this rule. In this example, the application code creates an instance of the secured type before denying the permission required by the type. In a real-world threat scenario, the application would require another way to obtain an instance of the object.

In the following example, the library demands write permission for a type and read permission for a method.

using System;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace SecurityRulesLibrary
{
   [EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Write="PersonalInfo")]
   public class MyClassWithTypeSecurity
   {
      [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
      [return:MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
      public static extern bool SetEnvironmentVariable(
         string lpName,
         string lpValue);

      // Constructor.
      public MyClassWithTypeSecurity(int year, int month, int day)
      {
         DateTime birthday = new DateTime(year, month, day);

         // Write out PersonalInfo environment variable.
         SetEnvironmentVariable("PersonalInfo",birthday.ToString());
      }

      [EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Read="PersonalInfo")]
      public string PersonalInformation ()
      { 
         // Read the variable.
         return Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PersonalInfo"); 
      }
   }
}

Example 2

The following application code demonstrates the vulnerability of the library by calling the method even though it does not meet the type-level security requirement.

using System;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using SecurityRulesLibrary;

namespace TestSecRulesLibrary
{
   public class TestMethodLevelSecurity
   {
      MyClassWithTypeSecurity dataHolder;

      void RetrievePersonalInformation(string description) 
      {
         try 
         { 
            Console.WriteLine(
               "{0} Personal information: {1}", 
               description, dataHolder.PersonalInformation());
         }
         catch (SecurityException e) 
         {
            Console.WriteLine(
               "{0} Could not access personal information: {1}", 
               description, e.Message);
         }
      }

      [STAThread]
      public static void Main() 
      {
         TestMethodLevelSecurity me = new TestMethodLevelSecurity();

         me.dataHolder = new MyClassWithTypeSecurity(1964,06,16);

         // Local computer zone starts with all environment permissions.
         me.RetrievePersonalInformation("[All permissions]");

         // Deny the write permission required by the type.
         EnvironmentPermission epw = new EnvironmentPermission(
            EnvironmentPermissionAccess.Write,"PersonalInfo");
         epw.Deny();
         
         // Even though the type requires write permission, 
         // and you do not have it; you can get the data.
         me.RetrievePersonalInformation(
            "[No write permission (demanded by type)]");

         // Reset the permissions and try to get 
         // data without read permission.
         CodeAccessPermission.RevertAll();  

         // Deny the read permission required by the method.
         EnvironmentPermission epr = new EnvironmentPermission(
            EnvironmentPermissionAccess.Read,"PersonalInfo");
         epr.Deny();

         // The method requires read permission, and you
         // do not have it; you cannot get the data.
         me.RetrievePersonalInformation(
            "[No read permission (demanded by method)]");
      }
   }
}

This example produces the following output:

[All permissions] Personal information: 6/16/1964 12:00:00 AM
[No write permission (demanded by type)] Personal information: 6/16/1964 12:00:00 AM
[No read permission (demanded by method)] Could not access personal information: Request failed.

See also

• Secure Coding Guidelines
• Link Demands
• Data and Modeling