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Analyze T-SQL code to find defects

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Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance SQL database in Microsoft Fabric

You can improve the quality of the Transact-SQL code in a database schema by importing it into a database project and analyzing the code against a set of rules. For example, you might want to find any errors in a schema that you didn't develop and whose quality has not been verified. For more information, see the code analysis overview.

For this initial assessment, you want to find all the potential problems in the database code. You review the warnings and the code that caused those warnings. To improve the T-SQL code, you correct warnings, potentially suppress a warning, and iteratively analyze the database project.

Prerequisites

Before you can analyze the code in a database project, you must already have a SQL project. For more information on using an existing database to create a project, see Tutorial: start from an existing database.

Enable SQL code analysis on project build

To enable SQL code analysis in Visual Studio, right-click the project in Solution Explorer and select Properties. In the Code Analysis tab of the properties window, select the checkbox for Enable Code Analysis on Build.

Save the project properties window and return to solution explorer.

To enable SQL code analysis in a SQL project, edit the .sqlproj file directly. Open the .sqlproj file and add an element <RunSqlCodeAnalysis>True</RunSqlCodeAnalysis> to the first <PropertyGroup> block to enable code analysis.

To enable SQL code analysis in the SQL Database Projects extension, edit the .sqlproj file directly. Open the .sqlproj file from the Explorer view or by right-clicking on the project in the Database Projects view and selecting Edit .sqlproj File.

From the text editor, add an element <RunSqlCodeAnalysis>True</RunSqlCodeAnalysis> to the first <PropertyGroup> block to enable code analysis.

To enable SQL code analysis in a SQL project, edit the .sqlproj file directly. Open the .sqlproj file and add an element <RunSqlCodeAnalysis>True</RunSqlCodeAnalysis> to the first <PropertyGroup> block to enable code analysis.

Analyze the code

To analyze the code in a database project with code analysis enabled on build, right-click the project in Solution Explorer and select Build.

The output window displays the results of the overall build process.

The T-SQL code in your database project is analyzed during build. Errors and warnings from code analysis appear in the Error List. If the Error List doesn't appear, open the View menu, and select Error List. You can double-click a warning to navigate to the line of code that caused the warning.

To analyze the code in a database project with code analysis enabled on build, right-click the project in Solution Explorer and select Build.

The output window displays the results of the overall build process.

The T-SQL code in your database project is analyzed during build. Errors and warnings from code analysis appear in the Error List. If the Error List doesn't appear, open the View menu, and select Error List. You can double-click a warning to navigate to the line of code that caused the warning.

To analyze the code in a database project with code analysis enabled on build, right-click the project in the Database Projects view and select Build.

The output window displays the results of the overall build process and any errors or warnings from code analysis. The files specified in each warning or error are interactive links that navigate to the line of code that caused the warning.

To analyze the code in a database project with code analysis enabled on build, run the dotnet build command from the command line in the project directory.

dotnet build MyDatabaseProject.sqlproj

The output from the command displays the results of the overall build process and any errors or warnings from code analysis.

Configure code analysis rules

To disable or enable a specific rule in Visual Studio, right-click the project in Solution Explorer and select Properties. In the Code Analysis tab of the properties window, select the rule from the table. To change the severity of a rule, select the box for Treat Warning as Error for that rule from the list.

Save the project properties window and return to solution explorer.

To disable or enable a specific rule in a SQL project, edit the .sqlproj file directly. Open the .sqlproj file and add or modify the element for SqlCodeAnalysisRules in the first <PropertyGroup> block to specify the rules to enable or disable. The following sample configuration disables two rules (SR0007 and SR0006) and switches SR0008 to result in a build error. The rest of the rules are enabled by default.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build">
  <Sdk Name="Microsoft.Build.Sql" Version="0.2.0-preview" />
  <PropertyGroup>
    <Name>AdventureWorks</Name>
    <DSP>Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.Sql160DatabaseSchemaProvider</DSP>
    <ModelCollation>1033, CI</ModelCollation>
    <RunSqlCodeAnalysis>True</RunSqlCodeAnalysis>
    <SqlCodeAnalysisRules>-Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0006;-Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0007;+!Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0008</SqlCodeAnalysisRules>
  </PropertyGroup>
...

To disable or enable a specific rule in the SQL Database Projects extension, edit the .sqlproj file directly. Open the .sqlproj file from the Explorer view or by right-clicking on the project in the Database Projects view and selecting Edit .sqlproj File.

Add or modify the element for SqlCodeAnalysisRules in the first <PropertyGroup> block to specify the rules to enable or disable. The following sample configuration disables two rules (SR0007 and SR0006) and switches SR0008 to result in a build error. The rest of the rules are enabled by default.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build">
  <Sdk Name="Microsoft.Build.Sql" Version="0.2.0-preview" />
  <PropertyGroup>
    <Name>AdventureWorks</Name>
    <DSP>Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.Sql160DatabaseSchemaProvider</DSP>
    <ModelCollation>1033, CI</ModelCollation>
    <RunSqlCodeAnalysis>True</RunSqlCodeAnalysis>
    <SqlCodeAnalysisRules>-Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0006;-Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0007;+!Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0008</SqlCodeAnalysisRules>
  </PropertyGroup>
...

To disable or enable a specific rule in a SQL project, edit the .sqlproj file directly. Open the .sqlproj file and add or modify the element for SqlCodeAnalysisRules in the first <PropertyGroup> block to specify the rules to enable or disable. The following sample configuration disables two rules (SR0007 and SR0006) and switches SR0008 to result in a build error. The rest of the rules are enabled by default.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build">
  <Sdk Name="Microsoft.Build.Sql" Version="0.2.0-preview" />
  <PropertyGroup>
    <Name>AdventureWorks</Name>
    <DSP>Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.Sql160DatabaseSchemaProvider</DSP>
    <ModelCollation>1033, CI</ModelCollation>
    <RunSqlCodeAnalysis>True</RunSqlCodeAnalysis>
    <SqlCodeAnalysisRules>-Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0006;-Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0007;+!Microsoft.Rules.Data.SR0008</SqlCodeAnalysisRules>
  </PropertyGroup>
...

Suppress code analysis warnings

To suppress a code analysis error or warning for a specific .sql file in Visual Studio, right-click the warning in the Error List and select Suppress Static Code Analysis Message(s). The code analysis result for that rule and .sql file is suppressed and no longer appears in the Error List or the build output.

Note

Suppressing a warning doesn't fix the underlying issue. Suppress warnings only when you have a valid reason to do so.

To suppress a code analysis error or warning for a specific .sql file in a SQL project, add a StaticCodeAnalysis.SuppressMessages.xml file to the project. In the file, specify the rule ID and the file to suppress the warning for.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<StaticCodeAnalysis version="2" xmlns="urn:Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.StaticCodeAnalysis">
  <SuppressedFile FilePath="Views/SelectStarView.sql">
    <SuppressedRule Category="Microsoft.Rules.Data" RuleId="SR0001" />
  </SuppressedFile>
</StaticCodeAnalysis>

If the file doesn't exist, create it in the root of the project. If the file already exists, suppress an additional warning to the existing StaticCodeAnalysis.SuppressMessages.xml file by creating a new <SuppressedFile><SuppressedRule /></SuppressedFile> element.

The code analysis result for that rule and .sql file is suppressed and no longer appears in the build output.

To suppress a code analysis error or warning for a specific .sql file in the SQL Database Projects extension, add a StaticCodeAnalysis.SuppressMessages.xml file to the project. In the file, specify the rule ID and the file to suppress the warning for.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<StaticCodeAnalysis version="2" xmlns="urn:Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.StaticCodeAnalysis">
  <SuppressedFile FilePath="Views/SelectStarView.sql">
    <SuppressedRule Category="Microsoft.Rules.Data" RuleId="SR0001" />
  </SuppressedFile>
</StaticCodeAnalysis>

If the file doesn't exist, create it in the root of the project. If the file already exists, suppress an additional warning to the existing StaticCodeAnalysis.SuppressMessages.xml file by creating a new <SuppressedFile><SuppressedRule /></SuppressedFile> element.

The code analysis result for that rule and .sql file is suppressed and no longer appears in the build output.

To suppress a code analysis error or warning for a specific .sql file in a SQL project, add a StaticCodeAnalysis.SuppressMessages.xml file to the project. In the file, specify the rule ID and the file to suppress the warning for.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<StaticCodeAnalysis version="2" xmlns="urn:Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.StaticCodeAnalysis">
  <SuppressedFile FilePath="Views/SelectStarView.sql">
    <SuppressedRule Category="Microsoft.Rules.Data" RuleId="SR0001" />
  </SuppressedFile>
</StaticCodeAnalysis>

If the file doesn't exist, create it in the root of the project. If the file already exists, suppress an additional warning to the existing StaticCodeAnalysis.SuppressMessages.xml file by creating a new <SuppressedFile><SuppressedRule /></SuppressedFile> element.

The code analysis result for that rule and .sql file is suppressed and no longer appears in the build output.

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