the last release of the Xamarin build tools supported Xcode 15, they do not work with Xcode 16. the lastest Maui 8 build chain only supports Xcode 16. you can downgrade the workload to support Xcode 15:
https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-macios/releases/tag/dotnet-8.0.1xx-xcode16.0-8303
Maui 9 requires Xcode 16.
note: if apple follows their normal practices, in a few months, they will stop support of signing with Xcode 15, and you will no longer be able to publish a Xamarin project.