@Scowl I'm glad that you were able to resolve your issue and thank you for posting your solution so that others experiencing the same thing can easily reference this!
Since the Microsoft Q&A community has a policy that "The question author cannot accept their own answer. They can only accept answers by others ", I'll repost your solution in case you'd like to "Accept " the answer. Accepted answers show up at the top, resulting in improved discoverability for others.
Issue: PATCH method not allowed for Storage Services REST API "Path - Update"
Solution: Customer shared = "I had to use the DNS suffix for the Azure Data Lake Storage endpoint and not the blob one. I mean dfs.core.windows.net and not blob.core.windows.net."
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