Yes - but you have to use the approach described at https://zcusa.951200.xyz/en-us/entra/identity/conditional-access/concept-condition-filters-for-devices in the Common scenarios section
This is because (as explained there) "Microsoft Entra ID uses device authentication to evaluate device filter rules. For a device that is unregistered with Microsoft Entra ID, all device properties are considered as null values and the device attributes cannot be determined since the device does not exist in the directory. The best way to target policies for unregistered devices is by using the negative operator since the configured filter rule would apply. If you were to use a positive operator, the filter rule would only apply when a device exists in the directory and the configured rule matches the attribute on the device."
If the above response helps answer your question, remember to "Accept Answer" so that others in the community facing similar issues can easily find the solution. Your contribution is highly appreciated.
hth
Marcin