Check with your IT department to see if your internet is going through a VPN. If there is a VPN going through China or South Korea, I believe the requests will be blocked as those regions aren't yet setup and have strict geopolitical requirements.
The IP address you referenced points to Azure, and isn't specific to just Azure Maps, but any Azure service could go through there. So if there is an issue accessing that endpoint, it should effect any connection to Azure, unless its the VPN restriction I mentioned above.