ASP.NET Core Blazor forms binding

<EditForm ... Model="Model" ...>
    ...
</EditForm>

@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => Model ??= new();
}

<EditForm ... Model="Model" ...>
    ...
</EditForm>

@code {
    public Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => Model ??= new();
}

<EditForm ... EditContext="editContext" ...>
    ...
</EditForm>

@code {
    private EditContext? editContext;

    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Model ??= new();
        editContext = new(Model);
    }
}

<EditForm ... EditContext="editContext" ...>
    ...
</EditForm>

@code {
    private EditContext? editContext;

    public Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Model ??= new();
        editContext = new(Model);
    }
}

Supported types

Binding supports:

• Primitive types
• Collections
• Complex types
• Recursive types
• Types with constructors
• Enums

You can also use the [DataMember] and [IgnoreDataMember] attributes to customize model binding. Use these attributes to rename properties, ignore properties, and mark properties as required.

Additional binding options

Additional model binding options are available from RazorComponentsServiceOptions when calling AddRazorComponents:

• MaxFormMappingCollectionSize: Maximum number of elements allowed in a form collection.
• MaxFormMappingRecursionDepth: Maximum depth allowed when recursively mapping form data.
• MaxFormMappingErrorCount: Maximum number of errors allowed when mapping form data.
• MaxFormMappingKeySize: Maximum size of the buffer used to read form data keys.

The following demonstrates the default values assigned by the framework:

builder.Services.AddRazorComponents(options =>
{
    options.FormMappingUseCurrentCulture = true;
    options.MaxFormMappingCollectionSize = 1024;
    options.MaxFormMappingErrorCount = 200;
    options.MaxFormMappingKeySize = 1024 * 2;
    options.MaxFormMappingRecursionDepth = 64;
}).AddInteractiveServerComponents();

Form names

Use the FormName parameter to assign a form name. Form names must be unique to bind model data. The following form is named RomulanAle:

<EditForm ... FormName="RomulanAle" ...>
    ...
</EditForm>

Supplying a form name:

• Is required for all forms that are submitted by statically-rendered server-side components.
• Isn't required for forms that are submitted by interactively-rendered components, which includes forms in Blazor WebAssembly apps and components with an interactive render mode. However, we recommend supplying a unique form name for every form to prevent runtime form posting errors if interactivity is ever dropped for a form.

The form name is only checked when the form is posted to an endpoint as a traditional HTTP POST request from a statically-rendered server-side component. The framework doesn't throw an exception at the point of rendering a form, but only at the point that an HTTP POST arrives and doesn't specify a form name.

There's an unnamed (empty string) form scope above the app's root component, which suffices when there are no form name collisions in the app. If form name collisions are possible, such as when including a form from a library and you have no control of the form name used by the library's developer, provide a form name scope with the FormMappingScope component in the Blazor Web App's main project.

In the following example, the HelloFormFromLibrary component has a form named Hello and is in a library.

HelloFormFromLibrary.razor:

<EditForm FormName="Hello" Model="this" OnSubmit="Submit">
    <InputText @bind-Value="Name" />
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</EditForm>

@if (submitted)
{
    <p>Hello @Name from the library's form!</p>
}

@code {
    bool submitted = false;

    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private string? Name { get; set; }

    private void Submit() => submitted = true;
}

The following NamedFormsWithScope component uses the library's HelloFormFromLibrary component and also has a form named Hello. The FormMappingScope component's scope name is ParentContext for any forms supplied by the HelloFormFromLibrary component. Although both of the forms in this example have the form name (Hello), the form names don't collide and events are routed to the correct form for form POST events.

NamedFormsWithScope.razor:

@page "/named-forms-with-scope"

<div>Hello form from a library</div>

<FormMappingScope Name="ParentContext">
    <HelloFormFromLibrary />
</FormMappingScope>

<div>Hello form using the same form name</div>

<EditForm FormName="Hello" Model="this" OnSubmit="Submit">
    <InputText @bind-Value="Name" />
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</EditForm>

@if (submitted)
{
    <p>Hello @Name from the app form!</p>
}

@code {
    bool submitted = false;

    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private string? Name { get; set; }

    private void Submit() => submitted = true;
}

Supply a parameter from the form ([SupplyParameterFromForm])

The [SupplyParameterFromForm] attribute indicates that the value of the associated property should be supplied from the form data for the form. Data in the request that matches the name of the property is bound to the property. Inputs based on InputBase<TValue> generate form value names that match the names Blazor uses for model binding. Unlike component parameter properties ([Parameter]), properties annotated with [SupplyParameterFromForm] aren't required to be marked public.

You can specify the following form binding parameters to the [SupplyParameterFromForm] attribute:

• Name: Gets or sets the name for the parameter. The name is used to determine the prefix to use to match the form data and decide whether or not the value needs to be bound.
• FormName: Gets or sets the name for the handler. The name is used to match the parameter to the form by form name to decide whether or not the value needs to be bound.

The following example independently binds two forms to their models by form name.

Starship6.razor:

@page "/starship-6"
@inject ILogger<Starship6> Logger

<EditForm Model="Model1" OnSubmit="Submit1" FormName="Holodeck1">
    <div>
        <label>
            Holodeck 1 Identifier: 
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model1!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

<EditForm Model="Model2" OnSubmit="Submit2" FormName="Holodeck2">
    <div>
        <label>
            Holodeck 2 Identifier: 
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model2!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromForm(FormName = "Holodeck1")]
    private Holodeck? Model1 { get; set; }

    [SupplyParameterFromForm(FormName = "Holodeck2")]
    private Holodeck? Model2 { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Model1 ??= new();
        Model2 ??= new();
    }

    private void Submit1() => Logger.LogInformation("Submit1: Id={Id}", Model1?.Id);

    private void Submit2() => Logger.LogInformation("Submit2: Id={Id}", Model2?.Id);

    public class Holodeck
    {
        public string? Id { get; set; }
    }
}

@page "/starship-6"
@inject ILogger<Starship6> Logger

<EditForm Model="Model1" OnSubmit="Submit1" FormName="Holodeck1">
    <div>
        <label>
            Holodeck 1 Identifier: 
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model1!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

<EditForm Model="Model2" OnSubmit="Submit2" FormName="Holodeck2">
    <div>
        <label>
            Holodeck 2 Identifier: 
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model2!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromForm(FormName = "Holodeck1")]
    private Holodeck? Model1 { get; set; }

    [SupplyParameterFromForm(FormName = "Holodeck2")]
    private Holodeck? Model2 { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Model1 ??= new();
        Model2 ??= new();
    }

    private void Submit1() => Logger.LogInformation("Submit1: Id={Id}", Model1?.Id);

    private void Submit2() => Logger.LogInformation("Submit2: Id={Id}", Model2?.Id);

    public class Holodeck
    {
        public string? Id { get; set; }
    }
}

Nest and bind forms

The following guidance demonstrates how to nest and bind child forms.

The following ship details class (ShipDetails) holds a description and length for a subform.

ShipDetails.cs:

namespace BlazorSample;

public class ShipDetails
{
    public string? Description { get; set; }
    public int? Length { get; set; }
}

namespace BlazorSample;

public class ShipDetails
{
    public string? Description { get; set; }
    public int? Length { get; set; }
}

The following Ship class names an identifier (Id) and includes the ship details.

Ship.cs:

namespace BlazorSample
{
    public class Ship
    {
        public string? Id { get; set; }
        public ShipDetails Details { get; set; } = new();
    }
}

namespace BlazorSample
{
    public class Ship
    {
        public string? Id { get; set; }
        public ShipDetails Details { get; set; } = new();
    }
}

The following subform is used for editing values of the ShipDetails type. This is implemented by inheriting Editor<T> at the top of the component. Editor<T> ensures that the child component generates the correct form field names based on the model (T), where T in the following example is ShipDetails.

StarshipSubform.razor:

@inherits Editor<ShipDetails>

<div>
    <label>
        Description: 
        <InputText @bind-Value="Value!.Description" />
    </label>
</div>
<div>
    <label>
        Length: 
        <InputNumber @bind-Value="Value!.Length" />
    </label>
</div>

@inherits Editor<ShipDetails>

<div>
    <label>
        Description: 
        <InputText @bind-Value="Value!.Description" />
    </label>
</div>
<div>
    <label>
        Length: 
        <InputNumber @bind-Value="Value!.Length" />
    </label>
</div>

The main form is bound to the Ship class. The StarshipSubform component is used to edit ship details, bound as Model!.Details.

Starship7.razor:

@page "/starship-7"
@inject ILogger<Starship7> Logger

<EditForm Model="Model" OnSubmit="Submit" FormName="Starship7">
    <div>
        <label>
            Identifier: 
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <StarshipSubform @bind-Value="Model!.Details" />
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private Ship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => Model ??= new();

    private void Submit() => 
        Logger.LogInformation("Id = {Id} Desc = {Description} Length = {Length}",
            Model?.Id, Model?.Details?.Description, Model?.Details?.Length);
}

@page "/starship-7"
@inject ILogger<Starship7> Logger

<EditForm Model="Model" OnSubmit="Submit" FormName="Starship7">
    <div>
        <label>
            Identifier: 
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <StarshipSubform @bind-Value="Model!.Details" />
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private Ship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => Model ??= new();

    private void Submit() => 
        Logger.LogInformation("Id = {Id} Desc = {Description} Length = {Length}",
            Model?.Id, Model?.Details?.Description, Model?.Details?.Length);
}

Initialize form data with static SSR

When a component adopts static SSR, the OnInitialized{Async} lifecycle method and the OnParametersSet{Async} lifecycle method fire when the component is initially rendered and on every form POST to the server. To initialize form model values, confirm if the model already has data before assigning new model values in OnParametersSet{Async}, as the following example demonstrates.

StarshipInit.razor:

@page "/starship-init"
@inject ILogger<StarshipInit> Logger

<EditForm Model="Model" OnValidSubmit="Submit" FormName="StarshipInit">
    <div>
        <label>
            Identifier:
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => Model ??= new();

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        if (Model!.Id == default)
        {
            LoadData();
        }
    }

    private void LoadData()
    {
        Model!.Id = "Set by LoadData";
    }

    private void Submit()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Id = {Id}", Model?.Id);
    }

    public class Starship
    {
        public string? Id { get; set; }
    }
}

Advanced form mapping error scenarios

The framework instantiates and populates the FormMappingContext for a form, which is the context associated with a given form's mapping operation. Each mapping scope (defined by a FormMappingScope component) instantiates FormMappingContext. Each time a [SupplyParameterFromForm] asks the context for a value, the framework populates the FormMappingContext with the attempted value and any mapping errors.

Developers aren't expected to interact with FormMappingContext directly, as it's mainly a source of data for InputBase<TValue>, EditContext, and other internal implementations to show mapping errors as validation errors. In advanced custom scenarios, developers can access FormMappingContext directly as a [CascadingParameter] to write custom code that consumes the attempted values and mapping errors.

The example in this section is based on the Starfleet Starship Database form (Starship3 component) of the Example form section of this article.

Add the following enum types to the app. Create a new file to hold them or add them to the Starship.cs file.

public class ComponentEnums
{
    public enum Manufacturer { SpaceX, NASA, ULA, VirginGalactic, Unknown }
    public enum Color { ImperialRed, SpacecruiserGreen, StarshipBlue, VoyagerOrange }
    public enum Engine { Ion, Plasma, Fusion, Warp }
}

Make the ComponentEnums class accessible to the:

• Starship model in Starship.cs (for example, using static ComponentEnums;).
• Starfleet Starship Database form (Starship3.razor) (for example, @using static ComponentEnums).

Use InputRadio<TValue> components with the InputRadioGroup<TValue> component to create a radio button group. In the following example, properties are added to the Starship model described in the Example form section of the Input components article:

[Required]
[Range(typeof(Manufacturer), nameof(Manufacturer.SpaceX), 
    nameof(Manufacturer.VirginGalactic), ErrorMessage = "Pick a manufacturer.")]
public Manufacturer Manufacturer { get; set; } = Manufacturer.Unknown;

[Required, EnumDataType(typeof(Color))]
public Color? Color { get; set; } = null;

[Required, EnumDataType(typeof(Engine))]
public Engine? Engine { get; set; } = null;

Update the Starfleet Starship Database form (Starship3 component) of the Example form section of the Input components article. Add the components to produce:

• A radio button group for the ship manufacturer.
• A nested radio button group for engine and ship color.

@using static ComponentEnums

<fieldset>
    <legend>Manufacturer</legend>
    <InputRadioGroup @bind-Value="Model!.Manufacturer">
        @foreach (var manufacturer in Enum.GetValues<Manufacturer>())
        {
            <div>
                <label>
                    <InputRadio Value="manufacturer" />
                    @manufacturer
                </label>
            </div>
        }
    </InputRadioGroup>
</fieldset>

<fieldset>
    <legend>Engine and Color</legend>
    <p>
        Engine and color pairs are recommended, but any
        combination of engine and color is allowed.
    </p>
    <InputRadioGroup Name="engine" @bind-Value="Model!.Engine">
        <InputRadioGroup Name="color" @bind-Value="Model!.Color">
            <div style="margin-bottom:5px">
                <div>
                    <label>
                        <InputRadio Name="engine" Value="Engine.Ion" />
                        Ion
                    </label>
                </div>
                <div>
                    <label>
                        <InputRadio Name="color" Value="Color.ImperialRed" />
                        Imperial Red
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div style="margin-bottom:5px">
                <div>
                    <label>
                        <InputRadio Name="engine" Value="Engine.Plasma" />
                        Plasma
                    </label>
                </div>
                <div>
                    <label>
                        <InputRadio Name="color" Value="Color.SpacecruiserGreen" />
                        Spacecruiser Green
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div style="margin-bottom:5px">
                <div>
                    <label>
                        <InputRadio Name="engine" Value="Engine.Fusion" />
                        Fusion
                    </label>
                </div>
                <div>
                    <label>
                        <InputRadio Name="color" Value="Color.StarshipBlue" />
                        Starship Blue
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div style="margin-bottom:5px">
                <div>
                    <label>
                        <InputRadio Name="engine" Value="Engine.Warp" />
                        Warp
                    </label>
                </div>
                <div>
                    <label>
                        <InputRadio Name="color" Value="Color.VoyagerOrange" />
                        Voyager Orange
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
        </InputRadioGroup>
    </InputRadioGroup>
</fieldset>

If you implemented the preceding Razor markup in the Starship3 component of the Example form section of the Input components article, update the logging for the Submit method:

Logger.LogInformation("Id = {Id} Description = {Description} " +
    "Classification = {Classification} MaximumAccommodation = " +
    "{MaximumAccommodation} IsValidatedDesign = " +
    "{IsValidatedDesign} ProductionDate = {ProductionDate} " +
    "Manufacturer = {Manufacturer}, Engine = {Engine}, " +
    "Color = {Color}",
    Model?.Id, Model?.Description, Model?.Classification,
    Model?.MaximumAccommodation, Model?.IsValidatedDesign,
    Model?.ProductionDate, Model?.Manufacturer, Model?.Engine, 
    Model?.Color);

When working with radio buttons in a form, data binding is handled differently than other elements because radio buttons are evaluated as a group. The value of each radio button is fixed, but the value of the radio button group is the value of the selected radio button. The following example shows how to:

• Handle data binding for a radio button group.
• Support validation using a custom InputRadio<TValue> component.

InputRadio.razor:

@using System.Globalization
@inherits InputBase<TValue>
@typeparam TValue

<input @attributes="AdditionalAttributes" type="radio" value="@SelectedValue" 
       checked="@(SelectedValue.Equals(Value))" @onchange="OnChange" />

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public TValue SelectedValue { get; set; }

    private void OnChange(ChangeEventArgs args)
    {
        CurrentValueAsString = args.Value.ToString();
    }

    protected override bool TryParseValueFromString(string value, 
        out TValue result, out string errorMessage)
    {
        var success = BindConverter.TryConvertTo<TValue>(
            value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, out var parsedValue);
        if (success)
        {
            result = parsedValue;
            errorMessage = null;

            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            result = default;
            errorMessage = "The field isn't valid.";

            return false;
        }
    }
}

For more information on generic type parameters (@typeparam), see the following articles:

• Razor syntax reference for ASP.NET Core
• ASP.NET Core Razor components
• ASP.NET Core Blazor templated components

Use the following example model.

StarshipModel.cs:

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace BlazorServer80
{
    public class Model
    {
        [Range(1, 5)]
        public int Rating { get; set; }
    }
}

The following RadioButtonExample component uses the preceding InputRadio component to obtain and validate a rating from the user:

RadioButtonExample.razor:

@page "/radio-button-example"
@using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@inject ILogger<RadioButtonExample> Logger

<h1>Radio Button Example</h1>

<EditForm Model="Model" OnValidSubmit="HandleValidSubmit">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <ValidationSummary />

    @for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
    {
        <div>
            <label>
                <InputRadio name="rate" SelectedValue="i" 
                    @bind-Value="Model.Rating" />
                @i
            </label>
        </div>
    }

    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

<div>@Model.Rating</div>

@code {
    public StarshipModel Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => Model ??= new();

    private void HandleValidSubmit()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("HandleValidSubmit called");
    }
}