Database objects in Data API builder

Data API builder includes support for views and stored procedures as alternatives to mapping to database tables or containers. These distinct database objects require custom configuration to map seamlessly to REST or GraphQL endpoints. Some custom configuration is required to use Data API builder with views and stored procedures.

This article includes a breakdown of how to use both views and stored procedures with Data API builder.

Views

Views can be used similar to how a table can be used in Data API builder. View usage must be defined by specifying the source type for the entity as view. Along with that the key-fields property must be provided, so that Data API builder knows how it can identify and return a single item, if needed.

If you have a view, for example dbo.vw_books_details it can be exposed using the following dab command:

dab add BookDetail --source dbo.vw_books_details --source.type View --source.key-fields "id" --permissions "anonymous:read"

The dab-config.json file would be like the following example:

"BookDetail": {
  "source": {
    "type": "view",
    "object": "dbo.vw_books_details",
    "key-fields": [ "id" ]
  },
  "permissions": [{
    "role": "anonymous",
    "actions": [ "read" ]
  }]
}

REST support for views

A view, from a REST perspective, behaves like a table. All REST operations are supported.

GraphQL support for views

A view, from a GraphQL perspective, behaves like a table. All GraphQL operations are supported.

Stored procedures

Stored procedures can be used as objects related to entities exposed by Data API builder. Stored Procedure usage must be defined specifying that the source type for the entity is stored-procedure.

If you have a stored procedure, for example dbo.stp_get_all_cowritten_books_by_author it can be exposed using the following dab command:

dab add GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor --source dbo.stp_get_all_cowritten_books_by_author --source.type "stored-procedure" --source.params "searchType:s" --permissions "anonymous:execute" --rest.methods "get" --graphql.operation "query"

The dab-config.json file would be like the following example:

"GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor": {
  "source": {
    "type": "stored-procedure",
    "object": "dbo.stp_get_all_cowritten_books_by_author",
    "parameters": {
      "searchType": "s"
    }
  },
  "rest": {
    "methods": [ "GET" ]
  },
  "graphql": {
    "operation": "query"
  },
  "permissions": [{
   "role": "anonymous",
    "actions": [ "execute" ]
  }]
}

The parameters defines which parameters should be exposed and also provides default values to be passed to the stored procedure parameters, if those parameters aren't provided in the HTTP request.

Limitations

• Only the first result set returned by the stored procedure is used by Data API builder.
• Only those stored procedures whose metadata for the first result set described by sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set are supported.
• For both REST and GraphQL endpoints: when a stored procedure parameter is specified both in the configuration file and in the URL query string, the parameter in the URL query string takes precedence.
• Entities backed by a stored procedure don't have all the capabilities automatically provided for entities backed by tables, collections, or views.
  • Stored procedure backed entities don't support pagination, ordering, or filtering. Nor do such entities support returning items specified by primary key values.
  • Field/parameter level authorization rules aren't supported.

REST support for stored procedures

The REST endpoint behavior, for stored procedure backed entity, can be configured to support one or multiple HTTP verbs (GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE). The REST section of the entity would be like the following example:

"rest": {
  "methods": [ "GET", "POST" ]
}

Any REST requests for the entity fail with HTTP 405 Method Not Allowed when an HTTP method not listed in the configuration is used. For example, executing a PUT request fails with error code 405. If the methods section is excluded from the entity's REST configuration, the default method POST is inferred. To disable the REST endpoint for this entity, configure "rest": false and any REST requests on the stored procedure entity fails with HTTP 404 Not Found.

If the stored procedure accepts parameters, the parameters can be passed in the URL query string when calling the REST endpoint with the GET HTTP verb. For example:

GET http://<dab-server>/api/GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor?author=isaac%20asimov

Stored procedures that are executed using other HTTP verbs such as POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE require parameters to be passed as JSON in the request body. For example:

POST http://<dab-server>/api/GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor

{
  "author": "isaac asimov"
}

GraphQL support for stored procedures

Stored procedure execution in GraphQL can be configured using the graphql option of a stored procedure backed entity. Explicitly setting the operation of the entity allows you to represent a stored procedure in the GraphQL schema in a way that aligns with the behavior of the stored procedure.

Not setting any value for the operation results in the creation of a mutation operation.

For example, using the value query for the operation option results in the stored procedure resolving as a query field in the GraphQL schema.

CLI Usage:

dab add GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor --source dbo.stp_get_all_cowritten_books_by_author --source.type "stored-procedure" --source.params "searchType:s" --permissions "anonymous:execute" --rest.methods "GET" --graphql.operation "query"

Runtime Configuration:

"graphql": {
  "operation": "query"
}

GraphQL Schema Components: type and query field:

type GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor {
  id: Int!
  title: String
}

In the schema, both query and mutation operations for stored procedures have execute as a prefix. For the previous stored procedure, the exact query name field generated would be executeGetCowrittenBooksByAuthor. The GraphQL type that is generated is:

type Query {
  executeGetCowrittenBooksByAuthor(
    searchType: String = "S"
  ): [GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor!]!
}

Alternatively, operation can be set to mutation so that a mutation field represents the stored procedure in the GraphQL schema. The dab update command can be used to change the operation:

dab update GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor --graphql.operation "mutation"

Runtime configuration:

"graphql": {
  "operation": "mutation"
}

The GraphQL schema that is generated is:

type Mutation {
  executeGetCowrittenBooksByAuthor(
    searchType: String = "S"
  ): [GetCowrittenBooksByAuthor!]!
}

If the stored procedure accepts parameters, those parameters can be passed as parameter of the query or mutation. For example:

query {
  executeGetCowrittenBooksByAuthor(author:"asimov")
   {
    id
    title
    pages
    year
  }
}

Related content

• Configuration reference
• Install the CLI