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Data Objects and Data Sources: Creation and Destruction

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As explained in the article Data Objects and Data Sources (OLE), data objects and data sources represent both sides of a data transfer. This article explains when to create and destroy these objects and sources to perform your data transfers properly, including:

Creating Data Objects

Data objects are used by the destination application — either the client or the server. A data object in the destination application is one end of a connection between the source application and the destination application. A data object in the destination application is used to access and interact with the data in the data source.

There are two common situations where a data object is needed. The first situation is when data is dropped in your application using drag and drop. The second situation is when Paste or Paste Special is chosen from the Edit menu.

In a drag-and-drop situation, you do not need to create a data object. A pointer to an existing data object will be passed to your OnDrop function. This data object is created by the framework as part of the drag-and-drop operation and will also be destroyed by it. This is not always the case when pasting is done by another method. For more information, see Destroying Data Objects.

If the application is performing a paste or paste special operation, you should create a COleDataObject object and call its AttachClipboard member function. This associates the data object with the data on the Clipboard. You can then use this data object in your paste function.

Destroying Data Objects

If you follow the scheme described in Creating Data Objects, destroying data objects is a trivial aspect of data transfers. The data object that was created in your paste function will be destroyed by MFC when your paste function returns.

If you follow another method of handling paste operations, make sure the data object is destroyed after your paste operation is complete. Until the data object is destroyed, it will be impossible for any application to successfully copy data to the Clipboard.

Creating Data Sources

Data sources are used by the source of the data transfer, which can be either the client or the server side of the data transfer. A data source in the source application is one end of a connection between the source application and the destination application. A data object in the destination application is used to interact with the data in the data source.

Data sources are created when an application needs to copy data to the Clipboard. A typical scenario runs like this:

  1. The user selects some data.

  2. The user chooses Copy (or Cut) from the Edit menu or begins a drag-and-drop operation.

  3. Depending on the design of the program, the application creates either a COleDataSource object or an object from a class derived from COleDataSource.

  4. The selected data is inserted into the data source by calling one of the functions in the COleDataSource::CacheData or COleDataSource::DelayRenderData groups.

  5. The application calls the SetClipboard member function (or the DoDragDrop member function if this is a drag-and-drop operation) belonging to the object created in step 3.

  6. If this is a Cut operation or DoDragDrop returns DROPEFFECT_MOVE, the data selected in step 1 is deleted from the document.

This scenario is implemented by the MFC OLE samples OCLIENT and HIERSVR. Look at the source for each application's CView-derived class for all but the GetClipboardData and OnGetClipboardData functions. These two functions are in either the COleClientItem or COleServerItem-derived class implementations. These sample programs provide a good example of how to implement these concepts.

One other situation in which you might want to create a COleDataSource object occurs if you are modifying the default behavior of a drag-and-drop operation. For more information, see the OLE Drag and drop: Customize drag and drop article.

Destroying Data Sources

Data sources must be destroyed by the application currently responsible for them. In situations where you hand the data source to OLE, such as calling COleDataSource::DoDragDrop, you need to call pDataSrc->InternalRelease. For example:

void CMyListView::OnLvnBegindrag(NMHDR *pNMHDR, LRESULT *pResult)
{
   UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(pResult);

   LPNMLISTVIEW pNMLV = reinterpret_cast<LPNMLISTVIEW>(pNMHDR);

   CMyDataSource* pDataSrc = new CMyDataSource();
   if (NULL != pDataSrc)
   {
      pDataSrc->Initialize(pNMLV, this);
      pDataSrc->DelayRenderData((CLIPFORMAT)RegisterClipboardFormat(_T("TIGroupFiles")));
      pDataSrc->DoDragDrop();
      pDataSrc->InternalRelease();
   }
}

If you have not handed your data source to OLE, then you are responsible for destroying it, as with any typical C++ object.

For more information, see Drag and Drop, Clipboard, and Manipulating Data Objects and Data Sources.

See also

Data Objects and Data Sources (OLE)
COleDataObject Class
COleDataSource Class