`unordered_map` Class

Article
06/21/2022

The class template describes an object that controls a varying-length sequence of elements of type std::pair<const Key, Ty>. The sequence is weakly ordered by a hash function, which partitions the sequence into an ordered set of subsequences called buckets. Within each bucket, a comparison function determines whether any pair of elements has equivalent ordering. Each element stores two objects, a sort key and a value. The sequence is represented in a way that permits lookup, insertion, and removal of an arbitrary element with operations that can be independent of the number of elements in the sequence (constant time), at least when all buckets are of roughly equal length. In the worst case, when all of the elements are in one bucket, the number of operations is proportional to the number of elements in the sequence (linear time). Moreover, inserting an element invalidates no iterators, and removing an element invalidates only those iterators that point at the removed element.

Syntax

template <class Key,
    class Ty,
    class Hash = std::hash<Key>,
    class Pred = std::equal_to<Key>,
    class Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, Ty>>>
class unordered_map;

Parameters

Key
The key type.

Ty
The mapped type.

Hash
The hash function object type.

Pred
The equality comparison function object type.

Alloc
The allocator class.

Members

Type Definition	Description
`allocator_type`	The type of an allocator for managing storage.
`const_iterator`	The type of a constant iterator for the controlled sequence.
`const_local_iterator`	The type of a constant bucket iterator for the controlled sequence.
`const_pointer`	The type of a constant pointer to an element.
`const_reference`	The type of a constant reference to an element.
`difference_type`	The type of a signed distance between two elements.
`hasher`	The type of the hash function.
`iterator`	The type of an iterator for the controlled sequence.
`key_equal`	The type of the comparison function.
`key_type`	The type of an ordering key.
`local_iterator`	The type of a bucket iterator for the controlled sequence.
`mapped_type`	The type of a mapped value associated with each key.
`pointer`	The type of a pointer to an element.
`reference`	The type of a reference to an element.
`size_type`	The type of an unsigned distance between two elements.
`value_type`	The type of an element.

Member Function	Description
`at`	Finds an element with the specified key.
`begin`	Designates the beginning of the controlled sequence.
`bucket`	Gets the bucket number for a key value.
`bucket_count`	Gets the number of buckets.
`bucket_size`	Gets the size of a bucket.
`cbegin`	Designates the beginning of the controlled sequence.
`cend`	Designates the end of the controlled sequence.
`clear`	Removes all elements.
`count`	Finds the number of elements matching a specified key.
`contains`^C++20	Check if there's an element with the specified key in the `unordered_map`.
`emplace`	Adds an element constructed in place.
`emplace_hint`	Adds an element constructed in place, with hint.
`empty`	Tests whether no elements are present.
`end`	Designates the end of the controlled sequence.
`equal_range`	Finds range that matches a specified key.
`erase`	Removes elements at specified positions.
`find`	Finds an element that matches a specified key.
`get_allocator`	Gets the stored allocator object.
`hash_function`	Gets the stored hash function object.
`insert`	Adds elements.
`key_eq`	Gets the stored comparison function object.
`load_factor`	Counts the average elements per bucket.
`max_bucket_count`	Gets the maximum number of buckets.
`max_load_factor`	Gets or sets the maximum elements per bucket.
`max_size`	Gets the maximum size of the controlled sequence.
`rehash`	Rebuilds the hash table.
`size`	Counts the number of elements.
`swap`	Swaps the contents of two containers.
`unordered_map`	Constructs a container object.

Operator	Description
`unordered_map::operator[]`	Finds or inserts an element with the specified key.
`unordered_map::operator=`	Copies a hash table.

Remarks

The object orders the sequence it controls by calling two stored objects, a comparison function object of type unordered_map::key_equal and a hash function object of type unordered_map::hasher. You access the first stored object by calling the member function unordered_map::key_eq(); and you access the second stored object by calling the member function unordered_map::hash_function(). Specifically, for all values X and Y of type Key, the call key_eq()(X, Y) returns true only if the two argument values have equivalent ordering; the call hash_function()(keyval) yields a distribution of values of type size_t. Unlike class template unordered_multimap Class, an object of type unordered_map ensures that key_eq()(X, Y) is always false for any two elements of the controlled sequence. (Keys are unique.)

The object also stores a maximum load factor, which specifies the maximum desired average number of elements per bucket. If inserting an element causes unordered_map::load_factor() to exceed the maximum load factor, the container increases the number of buckets and rebuilds the hash table as needed.

The actual order of elements in the controlled sequence depends on the hash function, the comparison function, the order of insertion, the maximum load factor, and the current number of buckets. You can't in general predict the order of elements in the controlled sequence. You can always be assured, however, that any subset of elements that have equivalent ordering are adjacent in the controlled sequence.

The object allocates and frees storage for the sequence it controls through a stored allocator object of type unordered_map::allocator_type. Such an allocator object must have the same external interface as an object of type allocator. The stored allocator object isn't copied when the container object is assigned.

Requirements

Header: <unordered_map>

Namespace: std

`unordered_map::allocator_type`

The type of an allocator for managing storage.

typedef Alloc allocator_type;

Remarks

The type is a synonym for the template parameter Alloc.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_allocator_type.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
typedef std::allocator<std::pair<const char, int> > Myalloc;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    Mymap::allocator_type al = c1.get_allocator();
    std::cout << "al == std::allocator() is "
        << std::boolalpha << (al == Myalloc()) << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

al == std::allocator() is true

`unordered_map::at`

Finds an element in a unordered_map with a specified key value.

Ty& at(const Key& key);
const Ty& at(const Key& key) const;

Parameters

key
The key value to find.

Return Value

A reference to the data value of the element found.

Remarks

If the argument key value isn't found, then the function throws an object of class out_of_range.

Example

// unordered_map_at.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // find and show elements
    std::cout << "c1.at('a') == " << c1.at('a') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "c1.at('b') == " << c1.at('b') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "c1.at('c') == " << c1.at('c') << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

`unordered_map::begin`

Designates the beginning of the controlled sequence or a bucket.

iterator begin();
const_iterator begin() const;
local_iterator begin(size_type nbucket);
const_local_iterator begin(size_type nbucket) const;

Parameters

nbucket
The bucket number.

Remarks

The first two member functions return a forward iterator that points at the first element of the sequence (or just beyond the end of an empty sequence). The last two member functions return a forward iterator that points at the first element of bucket nbucket (or just beyond the end of an empty bucket).

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_begin.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // inspect first two items " [c 3] [b 2]"
    Mymap::iterator it2 = c1.begin();
    std::cout << " [" << it2->first << ", " << it2->second << "]";
    ++it2;
    std::cout << " [" << it2->first << ", " << it2->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // inspect bucket containing 'a'
    Mymap::const_local_iterator lit = c1.begin(c1.bucket('a'));
    std::cout << " [" << lit->first << ", " << lit->second << "]";

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
[c, 3] [b, 2]
[a, 1]

`unordered_map::bucket`

Gets the bucket number for a key value.

size_type bucket(const Key& keyval) const;

Parameters

keyval
The key value to map.

Remarks

The member function returns the bucket number currently corresponding to the key value keyval.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_bucket.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // display buckets for keys
    Mymap::size_type bs = c1.bucket('a');
    std::cout << "bucket('a') == " << bs << std::endl;
    std::cout << "bucket_size(" << bs << ") == " << c1.bucket_size(bs)
        << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
bucket('a') == 7
bucket_size(7) == 1

`unordered_map::bucket_count`

Gets the number of buckets.

size_type bucket_count() const;

Remarks

The member function returns the current number of buckets.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_bucket_count.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // inspect current parameters
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // change max_load_factor and redisplay
    c1.max_load_factor(0.10f);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // rehash and redisplay
    c1.rehash(100);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3][b, 2][a, 1]
bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_bucket_count() == 8
max_load_factor() == 4

bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_bucket_count() == 8
max_load_factor() == 0.1

bucket_count() == 128
load_factor() == 0.0234375
max_bucket_count() == 128
max_load_factor() == 0.1

`unordered_map::bucket_size`

Gets the size of a bucket

size_type bucket_size(size_type nbucket) const;

Parameters

nbucket
The bucket number.

Remarks

The member functions return the size of bucket number nbucket.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_bucket_size.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // display buckets for keys
    Mymap::size_type bs = c1.bucket('a');
    std::cout << "bucket('a') == " << bs << std::endl;
    std::cout << "bucket_size(" << bs << ") == " << c1.bucket_size(bs)
        << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
bucket('a') == 7
bucket_size(7) == 1

`unordered_map::cbegin`

Returns a const iterator that addresses the first element in the range.

const_iterator cbegin() const;

Return Value

A const forward-access iterator that points at the first element of the range, or the location just beyond the end of an empty range (for an empty range, cbegin() == cend()).

Remarks

With the return value of cbegin, the elements in the range can't be modified.

You can use this member function in place of the begin() member function to guarantee that the return value is const_iterator. Typically, it's used with the auto type deduction keyword, as shown in the following example. In the example, consider Container to be a modifiable (non- const) container of any kind that supports begin() and cbegin().

auto i1 = Container.begin();
// i1 is Container<T>::iterator
auto i2 = Container.cbegin();

// i2 is Container<T>::const_iterator

`unordered_map::cend`

Returns a const iterator that addresses the location just beyond the last element in a range.

const_iterator cend() const;

Return Value

A const forward-access iterator that points just beyond the end of the range.

Remarks

cend is used to test whether an iterator has passed the end of its range.

You can use this member function in place of the end() member function to guarantee that the return value is const_iterator. Typically, it's used with the auto type deduction keyword, as shown in the following example. In the example, consider Container to be a modifiable (non- const) container of any kind that supports end() and cend().

auto i1 = Container.end();
// i1 is Container<T>::iterator
auto i2 = Container.cend();
// i2 is Container<T>::const_iterator

The value returned by cend shouldn't be dereferenced.

`unordered_map::clear`

Removes all elements.

void clear();

Remarks

The member function calls unordered_map::erase(unordered_map::begin(), unordered_map::end()), see unordered_map::erase, unordered_map::begin, and unordered_map::end.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_clear.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // clear the container and reinspect
    c1.clear();
    std::cout << "size == " << c1.size() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "empty() == " << std::boolalpha << c1.empty() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('d', 4));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('e', 5));

    // display contents " [e 5] [d 4]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "size == " << c1.size() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "empty() == " << std::boolalpha << c1.empty() << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
size == 0
empty() == true

[e, 5] [d, 4]
size == 2
empty() == false

`unordered_map::const_iterator`

The type of a constant iterator for the controlled sequence.

typedef T1 const_iterator;

Remarks

The type describes an object that can serve as a constant forward iterator for the controlled sequence. It's described here as a synonym for the implementation-defined type T1.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_const_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::const_local_iterator`

The type of a constant bucket iterator for the controlled sequence.

typedef T5 const_local_iterator;

Remarks

The type describes an object that can serve as a constant forward iterator for a bucket. It's described here as a synonym for the implementation-defined type T5.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_const_local_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // inspect bucket containing 'a'
    Mymap::const_local_iterator lit = c1.begin(c1.bucket('a'));
    std::cout << " [" << lit->first << ", " << lit->second << "]";

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
[a, 1]

`unordered_map::const_pointer`

The type of a constant pointer to an element.

typedef Alloc::const_pointer const_pointer;

Remarks

The type describes an object that can serve as a constant pointer to an element of the controlled sequence.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_const_pointer.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
    {
        Mymap::const_pointer p = &*it;
        std::cout << " [" << p->first << ", " << p->second << "]";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::const_reference`

The type of a constant reference to an element.

typedef Alloc::const_reference const_reference;

Remarks

The type describes an object that can serve as a constant reference to an element of the controlled sequence.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_const_reference.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
    {
        Mymap::const_reference ref = *it;
        std::cout << " [" << ref.first << ", " << ref.second << "]";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::contains`

Checks if there's an element in the unordered_map with the specified key. Introduced in C++20.

bool contains(const Key& key) const;
<class K> bool contains(const K& key) const;

Parameters

K
The type of the key.

key
The key value of the element to look for.

Return Value

true if the element is found in the container; false otherwise.

Remarks

contains() is new in C++20. To use it, specify the /std:c++20 or later compiler option.

template<class K> bool contains(const K& key) const only participates in overload resolution if key_compare is transparent.

Example

// Requires /std:c++20 or /std:c++latest
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::unordered_map<int, bool> theUnorderedMap = {{0, false}, {1,true}};

    std::cout << std::boolalpha; // so booleans show as 'true' or 'false'
    std::cout << theUnorderedMap.contains(1) << '\n';
    std::cout << theUnorderedMap.contains(2) << '\n';

    return 0;
}

true
false

`unordered_map::count`

Finds the number of elements matching a specified key.

size_type count(const Key& keyval) const;

Parameters

keyval
Key value to search for.

Remarks

The member function returns the number of elements in the range delimited by unordered_map::equal_range(keyval).

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_count.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "count('A') == " << c1.count('A') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "count('b') == " << c1.count('b') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "count('C') == " << c1.count('C') << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
count('A') == 0
count('b') == 1
count('C') == 0

`unordered_map::difference_type`

The type of a signed distance between two elements.

typedef T3 difference_type;

Remarks

The signed integer type describes an object that can represent the difference between the addresses of any two elements in the controlled sequence. It's described here as a synonym for the implementation-defined type T3.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_difference_type.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // compute positive difference
    Mymap::difference_type diff = 0;
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        ++diff;
    std::cout << "end()-begin() == " << diff << std::endl;

    // compute negative difference
    diff = 0;
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.end();
        it != c1.begin(); --it)
        --diff;
    std::cout << "begin()-end() == " << diff << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
end()-begin() == 3
begin()-end() == -3

`unordered_map::emplace`

Inserts an element constructed in place (no copy or move operations are performed) into an unordered_map.

template <class... Args>
pair<iterator, bool>  emplace( Args&&... args);

Parameters

args
The arguments forwarded to construct an element to be inserted into the unordered_map unless it already contains an element whose value is equivalently ordered.

Return Value

A pair whose bool component returns true if an insertion was made and false if the unordered_map already contained an element whose key had an equivalent value in the ordering, and whose iterator component returns the address where a new element was inserted or where the element was already located.

To access the iterator component of a pair pr returned by this member function, use pr.first, and to dereference it, use *(pr.first). To access the bool component of a pair pr returned by this member function, use pr.second.

Remarks

No iterators or references are invalidated by this function.

During the insertion, if an exception is thrown but doesn't occur in the container's hash function, the container isn't modified. If the exception is thrown in the hash function, the result is undefined.

For a code example, see map::emplace.

`unordered_map::emplace_hint`

Inserts an element constructed in place (no copy or move operations are performed), with a placement hint.

template <class... Args>
iterator emplace_hint(const_iterator where, Args&&... args);

Parameters

args
The arguments forwarded to construct an element to be inserted into the unordered_map unless the unordered_map already contains that element or, more generally, unless it already contains an element whose key is equivalently ordered.

where
A hint regarding the place to start searching for the correct point of insertion.

Return Value

An iterator to the newly inserted element.

If the insertion failed because the element already exists, returns an iterator to the existing element.

Remarks

No references are invalidated by this function.

The value_type of an element is a pair, so that the value of an element will be an ordered pair with the first component equal to the key value and the second component equal to the data value of the element.

For a code example, see map::emplace_hint.

`unordered_map::empty`

Tests whether no elements are present.

bool empty() const;

Remarks

The member function returns true for an empty controlled sequence.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_empty.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // clear the container and reinspect
    c1.clear();
    std::cout << "size == " << c1.size() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "empty() == " << std::boolalpha << c1.empty() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('d', 4));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('e', 5));

    // display contents " [e 5] [d 4]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "size == " << c1.size() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "empty() == " << std::boolalpha << c1.empty() << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
size == 0
empty() == true

[e, 5] [d, 4]
size == 2
empty() == false

`unordered_map::end`

Designates the end of the controlled sequence.

iterator end();
const_iterator end() const;
local_iterator end(size_type nbucket);
const_local_iterator end(size_type nbucket) const;

Parameters

nbucket
The bucket number.

Remarks

The first two member functions return a forward iterator that points just beyond the end of the sequence. The last two member functions return a forward iterator that points just beyond the end of bucket nbucket.

`unordered_map::equal_range`

Finds range that matches a specified key.

std::pair<iterator, iterator>  equal_range(const Key& keyval);
std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>  equal_range(const Key& keyval) const;

Parameters

keyval
Key value to search for.

Remarks

The member function returns a pair of iterators X such that [X.first, X.second) delimits just those elements of the controlled sequence that have equivalent ordering with keyval. If no such elements exist, both iterators are end().

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_equal_range.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // display results of failed search
    std::pair<Mymap::iterator, Mymap::iterator> pair1 =
        c1.equal_range('x');
    std::cout << "equal_range('x'):";
    for (; pair1.first != pair1.second; ++pair1.first)
        std::cout << " [" << pair1.first->first
        << ", " << pair1.first->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // display results of successful search
    pair1 = c1.equal_range('b');
    std::cout << "equal_range('b'):";
    for (; pair1.first != pair1.second; ++pair1.first)
        std::cout << " [" << pair1.first->first
        << ", " << pair1.first->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
equal_range('x'):
equal_range('b'): [b, 2]

`unordered_map::erase`

Removes an element or a range of elements in a unordered_map from specified positions or removes elements that match a specified key.

iterator erase(const_iterator Where);
iterator erase(const_iterator First, const_iterator Last);
size_type erase(const key_type& Key);

Parameters

Where
Position of the element to be removed.

First
Position of the first element to be removed.

Last
Position just beyond the last element to be removed.

Key
The key value of the elements to be removed.

Return Value

For the first two member functions, a bidirectional iterator that designates the first element remaining beyond any elements removed, or an element that is the end of the map if no such element exists.

For the third member function, returns the number of elements that have been removed from the unordered_map.

Remarks

For a code example, see map::erase.

unordered_map::find

Finds an element that matches a specified key.

const_iterator find(const Key& keyval) const;

Parameters

keyval
Key value to search for.

Remarks

The member function returns unordered_map::equal_range(keyval).first.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_find.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // try to find and fail
    std::cout << "find('A') == "
        << std::boolalpha << (c1.find('A') != c1.end()) << std::endl;

    // try to find and succeed
    Mymap::iterator it = c1.find('b');
    std::cout << "find('b') == "
        << std::boolalpha << (it != c1.end())
        << ": [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]" << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
find('A') == false
find('b') == true: [b, 2]

`unordered_map::get_allocator`

Gets the stored allocator object.

Alloc get_allocator() const;

Remarks

The member function returns the stored allocator object.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_get_allocator.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
typedef std::allocator<std::pair<const char, int> > Myalloc;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    Mymap::allocator_type al = c1.get_allocator();
    std::cout << "al == std::allocator() is "
        << std::boolalpha << (al == Myalloc()) << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

al == std::allocator() is true

`unordered_map::hash_function`

Gets the stored hash function object.

Hash hash_function() const;

Remarks

The member function returns the stored hash function object.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_hash_function.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    Mymap::hasher hfn = c1.hash_function();
    std::cout << "hfn('a') == " << hfn('a') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "hfn('b') == " << hfn('b') << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

hfn('a') == 1630279
hfn('b') == 1647086

`unordered_map::hasher`

The type of the hash function.

typedef Hash hasher;

Remarks

The type is a synonym for the template parameter Hash.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_hasher.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    Mymap::hasher hfn = c1.hash_function();
    std::cout << "hfn('a') == " << hfn('a') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "hfn('b') == " << hfn('b') << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

hfn('a') == 1630279
hfn('b') == 1647086

`unordered_map::insert`

Inserts an element or a range of elements into an unordered_map.

// (1) single element
pair<iterator, bool> insert(    const value_type& Val);

// (2) single element, perfect forwarded
template <class ValTy>
pair<iterator, bool>
insert(    ValTy&& Val);

// (3) single element with hint
iterator insert(    const_iterator Where,
    const value_type& Val);

// (4) single element, perfect forwarded, with hint
template <class ValTy>
iterator insert(    const_iterator Where,
    ValTy&& Val);

// (5) range
template <class InputIterator>
void insert(InputIterator First,
    InputIterator Last);

// (6) initializer list
void insert(initializer_list<value_type>
IList);

Parameters

Val
The value of an element to be inserted into the unordered_map unless it already contains an element whose key is equivalently ordered.

Where
The place to start searching for the correct point of insertion.

ValTy
Template parameter that specifies the argument type that the unordered_map can use to construct an element of value_type, and perfect-forwards Val as an argument.

First
The position of the first element to be copied.

Last
The position just beyond the last element to be copied.

InputIterator
Template function argument that meets the requirements of an input iterator that points to elements of a type that can be used to construct value_type objects.

IList
The initializer_list from which to copy the elements.

Return Value

The single-element member functions, (1) and (2), return a pair whose bool component is true if an insertion was made, and false if the unordered_map already contained an element whose key had an equivalent value in the ordering. The iterator component of the return-value pair points to the newly inserted element if the bool component is true, or to the existing element if the bool component is false.

The single-element-with-hint member functions, (3) and (4), return an iterator that points to the position where the new element was inserted into the unordered_map or, if an element with an equivalent key already exists, to the existing element.

Remarks

No iterators, pointers, or references are invalidated by this function.

During the insertion of just one element, if an exception is thrown but doesn't occur in the container's hash function, the container's state isn't modified. If the exception is thrown in the hash function, the result is undefined. During the insertion of multiple elements, if an exception is thrown, the container is left in an unspecified but valid state.

To access the iterator component of a pair pr that's returned by the single-element member functions, use pr.first; to dereference the iterator within the returned pair, use *pr.first, giving you an element. To access the bool component, use pr.second. For an example, see the sample code later in this article.

The value_type of a container is a typedef that belongs to the container, and for map, map<K, V>::value_type is pair<const K, V>. The value of an element is an ordered pair in which the first component is equal to the key value and the second component is equal to the data value of the element.

The range member function (5) inserts the sequence of element values into an unordered_map that corresponds to each element addressed by an iterator in the range [First, Last); therefore, Last doesn't get inserted. The container member function end() refers to the position just after the last element in the container—for example, the statement m.insert(v.begin(), v.end()); attempts to insert all elements of v into m. Only elements that have unique values in the range are inserted; duplicates are ignored. To observe which elements are rejected, use the single-element versions of insert.

The initializer list member function (6) uses an initializer_list to copy elements into the unordered_map.

For insertion of an element constructed in place—that is, no copy or move operations are performed—see unordered_map::emplace and unordered_map::emplace_hint.

For a code example, see map::insert.

`unordered_map::iterator`

The type of an iterator for the controlled sequence.

typedef T0 iterator;

Remarks

The type describes an object that can serve as a forward iterator for the controlled sequence. It's described here as a synonym for the implementation-defined type T0.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::key_eq`

Gets the stored comparison function object.

Pred key_eq() const;

Remarks

The member function returns the stored comparison function object.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_key_eq.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    Mymap::key_equal cmpfn = c1.key_eq();
    std::cout << "cmpfn('a', 'a') == "
        << std::boolalpha << cmpfn('a', 'a') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "cmpfn('a', 'b') == "
        << std::boolalpha << cmpfn('a', 'b') << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

cmpfn('a', 'a') == true
cmpfn('a', 'b') == false

`unordered_map::key_equal`

The type of the comparison function.

typedef Pred key_equal;

Remarks

The type is a synonym for the template parameter Pred.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_key_equal.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    Mymap::key_equal cmpfn = c1.key_eq();
    std::cout << "cmpfn('a', 'a') == "
        << std::boolalpha << cmpfn('a', 'a') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "cmpfn('a', 'b') == "
        << std::boolalpha << cmpfn('a', 'b') << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

cmpfn('a', 'a') == true
cmpfn('a', 'b') == false

`unordered_map::key_type`

The type of an ordering key.

typedef Key key_type;

Remarks

The type is a synonym for the template parameter Key.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_key_type.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// add a value and reinspect
    Mymap::key_type key = 'd';
    Mymap::mapped_type mapped = 4;
    Mymap::value_type val = Mymap::value_type(key, mapped);
    c1.insert(val);

    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
[d, 4] [c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::load_factor`

Counts the average elements per bucket.

float load_factor() const;

Remarks

The member function returns (float)unordered_map::size() / (float)unordered_map::bucket_count(), the average number of elements per bucket, see unordered_map::size and unordered_map::bucket_count.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_load_factor.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// inspect current parameters
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

// change max_load_factor and redisplay
    c1.max_load_factor(0.10f);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

// rehash and redisplay
    c1.rehash(100);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_bucket_count() == 8
max_load_factor() == 4

bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_bucket_count() == 8
max_load_factor() == 0.1

bucket_count() == 128
load_factor() == 0.0234375
max_bucket_count() == 128
max_load_factor() == 0.1

`unordered_map::local_iterator`

The type of a bucket iterator.

typedef T4 local_iterator;

Remarks

The type describes an object that can serve as a forward iterator for a bucket. It's described here as a synonym for the implementation-defined type T4.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_local_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// inspect bucket containing 'a'
    Mymap::local_iterator lit = c1.begin(c1.bucket('a'));
    std::cout << " [" << lit->first << ", " << lit->second << "]";

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
[a, 1]

`unordered_map::mapped_type`

The type of a mapped value associated with each key.

typedef Ty mapped_type;

Remarks

The type is a synonym for the template parameter Ty.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_mapped_type.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// add a value and reinspect
    Mymap::key_type key = 'd';
    Mymap::mapped_type mapped = 4;
    Mymap::value_type val = Mymap::value_type(key, mapped);
    c1.insert(val);

    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
[d, 4] [c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::max_bucket_count`

Gets the maximum number of buckets.

size_type max_bucket_count() const;

Remarks

The member function returns the maximum number of buckets currently permitted.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_max_bucket_count.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// inspect current parameters
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

// change max_load_factor and redisplay
    c1.max_load_factor(0.10f);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

// rehash and redisplay
    c1.rehash(100);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_bucket_count() == 8
max_load_factor() == 4

bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_bucket_count() == 8
max_load_factor() == 0.1

bucket_count() == 128
load_factor() == 0.0234375
max_bucket_count() == 128
max_load_factor() == 0.1

`unordered_map::max_load_factor`

Gets or sets the maximum elements per bucket.

float max_load_factor() const;

void max_load_factor(float factor);

Parameters

factor
The new maximum load factor.

Remarks

The first member function returns the stored maximum load factor. The second member function replaces the stored maximum load factor with factor.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_max_load_factor.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// inspect current parameters
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

// change max_load_factor and redisplay
    c1.max_load_factor(0.10f);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

// rehash and redisplay
    c1.rehash(100);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_bucket_count() == "
        << c1.max_bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == "
        << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_bucket_count() == 8
max_load_factor() == 4

bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_bucket_count() == 8
max_load_factor() == 0.1

bucket_count() == 128
load_factor() == 0.0234375
max_bucket_count() == 128
max_load_factor() == 0.1

`unordered_map::max_size`

Gets the maximum size of the controlled sequence.

size_type max_size() const;

Remarks

The member function returns the length of the longest sequence that the object can control.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_max_size.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    std::cout << "max_size() == " << c1.max_size() << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

max_size() == 536870911

`unordered_map::operator[]`

Finds or inserts an element with the specified key.

Ty& operator[](const Key& keyval);

Ty& operator[](Key&& keyval);

Parameters

keyval
The key value to find or insert.

Return Value

A reference to the data value of the inserted element.

Remarks

If the argument key value isn't found, then it's inserted along with the default value of the data type.

operator[] may be used to insert elements into a map m using m[Key] = DataValue; where DataValue is the value of the mapped_type of the element with a key value of Key.

The member function determines the iterator where as the return value of unordered_map::insert(unordered_map::value_type(keyval, Ty()). For more information, see unordered_map::insert and unordered_map::value_type. (It inserts an element with the specified key if no such element exists.) It then returns a reference to (*where).second.

When using operator[] to insert elements, the returned reference doesn't indicate whether an insertion is changing a pre-existing element or creating a new one. The member functions find and insert can be used to determine whether an element with a specified key is already present before an insertion.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_operator_sub.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// try to find and fail
    std::cout << "c1['A'] == " << c1['A'] << std::endl;

// try to find and succeed
    std::cout << "c1['a'] == " << c1['a'] << std::endl;

// redisplay contents
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// insert by moving key
    std::unordered_map<string, int> c2;
    std::string str("abc");
    std::cout << "c2[std::move(str)] == " << c2[std::move(str)] << std::endl;
    std::cout << "c2["abc"] == " << c2["abc"] << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
c1['A'] == 0
c1['a'] == 1
[c, 3] [b, 2] [A, 0] [a, 1]
c2[move(str)] == 0
c2["abc"] == 1

`unordered_map::operator=`

Replaces the elements of this unordered_map using the elements from another unordered_map.

unordered_map& operator=(const unordered_map& right);

unordered_map& operator=(unordered_map&& right);

Parameters

right
The unordered_map that the operator function assigns content from.

Remarks

The first version copies all of the elements from right to this unordered_map.

The second version moves all of the elements from right to this unordered_map.

Any elements that are in this unordered_map before operator= executes are discarded.

Example

// unordered_map_operator_as.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

int main( )
   {
   using namespace std;
   unordered_map<int, int> v1, v2, v3;
   unordered_map<int, int>::iterator iter;

   v1.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));

   cout << "v1 = " ;
   for (iter = v1.begin(); iter != v1.end(); iter++)
      cout << iter->second << " ";
   cout << endl;

   v2 = v1;
   cout << "v2 = ";
   for (iter = v2.begin(); iter != v2.end(); iter++)
      cout << iter->second << " ";
   cout << endl;

// move v1 into v2
   v2.clear();
   v2 = move(v1);
   cout << "v2 = ";
   for (iter = v2.begin(); iter != v2.end(); iter++)
      cout << iter->second << " ";
   cout << endl;
   }

`unordered_map::pointer`

The type of a pointer to an element.

typedef Alloc::pointer pointer;

Remarks

The type describes an object that can serve as a pointer to an element of the controlled sequence.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_pointer.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        {
        Mymap::pointer p = &*it;
        std::cout << " [" << p->first << ", " << p->second << "]";
        }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::reference`

The type of a reference to an element.

typedef Alloc::reference reference;

Remarks

The type describes an object that can serve as a reference to an element of the controlled sequence.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_reference.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        {
        Mymap::reference ref = *it;
        std::cout << " [" << ref.first << ", " << ref.second << "]";
        }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::rehash`

Rebuilds the hash table.

void rehash(size_type nbuckets);

Parameters

nbuckets
The requested number of buckets.

Remarks

The member function alters the number of buckets to be at least nbuckets and rebuilds the hash table as needed.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_rehash.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// inspect current parameters
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == " << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

// change max_load_factor and redisplay
    c1.max_load_factor(0.10f);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == " << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

// rehash and redisplay
    c1.rehash(100);
    std::cout << "bucket_count() == " << c1.bucket_count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "load_factor() == " << c1.load_factor() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "max_load_factor() == " << c1.max_load_factor() << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_load_factor() == 4

bucket_count() == 8
load_factor() == 0.375
max_load_factor() == 0.1

bucket_count() == 128
load_factor() == 0.0234375
max_load_factor() == 0.1

`unordered_map::size`

Counts the number of elements.

size_type size() const;

Remarks

The member function returns the length of the controlled sequence.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_size.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

// clear the container and reinspect
    c1.clear();
    std::cout << "size == " << c1.size() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "empty() == " << std::boolalpha << c1.empty() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('d', 4));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('e', 5));

// display contents " [e 5] [d 4]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "size == " << c1.size() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "empty() == " << std::boolalpha << c1.empty() << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
size == 0
empty() == true

[e, 5] [d, 4]
size == 2
empty() == false

`unordered_map::size_type`

The type of an unsigned distance between two elements.

typedef T2 size_type;

Remarks

The unsigned integer type describes an object that can represent the length of any controlled sequence. It's described here as a synonym for the implementation-defined type T2.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_size_type.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;
    Mymap::size_type sz = c1.size();

    std::cout << "size == " << sz << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

size == 0

`unordered_map::swap`

Swaps the contents of two containers.

void swap(unordered_map& right);

Parameters

right
The container to swap with.

Remarks

The member function swaps the controlled sequences between *this and right. If unordered_map::get_allocator() == right.get_allocator(), see unordered_map::get_allocator, it does so in constant time, it throws an exception only as a result of copying the stored traits object of type Tr, and it invalidates no references, pointers, or iterators that designate elements in the two controlled sequences. Otherwise, it performs element assignments and constructor calls proportional to the number of elements in the two controlled sequences.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_swap.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
    {
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    Mymap c2;

    c2.insert(Mymap::value_type('d', 4));
    c2.insert(Mymap::value_type('e', 5));
    c2.insert(Mymap::value_type('f', 6));

    c1.swap(c2);

// display contents " [f 6] [e 5] [d 4]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    swap(c1, c2);

// display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
    }

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
[f, 6] [e, 5] [d, 4]
[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

`unordered_map::unordered_map`

Constructs a container object.

unordered_map(const unordered_map& Right);

explicit unordered_map(
    size_type Bucket_count = N0,
    const Hash& Hash = Hash(),
    const Comp& Comp = Comp(),
    const Allocator& Al = Allocator());

unordered_map(unordered_map&& Right);
unordered_map(initializer_list<Type> IList);
unordered_map(initializer_list<Type> IList, size_type Bucket_count);

unordered_map(
    initializer_list<Type> IList,
    size_type Bucket_count,
    const Hash& Hash);

unordered_map(
    initializer_list<Type> IList,
    size_type Bucket_count,
    const Hash& Hash,
    KeyEqual& equal);

unordered_map(
    initializer_list<Type> IList,
    size_type Bucket_count,
    const Hash& Hash,
    KeyEqual& Equal
    const Allocator& Al);

template <class InIt>
unordered_map(
    InputIterator First,
    InputIterator Last,
    size_type Bucket_count = N0,
    const Hash& Hash = Hash(),
    const Comp& Comp = Comp(),
    const Allocator& Al = Alloc());

Parameters

Al
The allocator object to store.

Comp
The comparison function object to store.

Hash
The hash function object to store.

Bucket_count
The minimum number of buckets.

Right
The container to copy.

First
The position of the first element to be copied.

Last
The position just beyond the last element to be copied.

IList
The initializer_list that contains the elements to be copied.

Remarks

The first constructor specifies a copy of the sequence controlled by right. The second constructor specifies an empty controlled sequence. The third constructor inserts the sequence of element values [first, last). The fourth constructor specifies a copy of the sequence by moving right.

All constructors also initialize several stored values. For the copy constructor, the values are obtained from Right. Otherwise:

the minimum number of buckets is the argument Bucket_count, if present; otherwise it's a default value described here as the implementation-defined value N0.

the hash function object is the argument Hash, if present; otherwise it's Hash().

The comparison function object is the argument Comp, if present; otherwise it's Pred().

The allocator object is the argument Al, if present; otherwise, it's Alloc().

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_construct.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>
#include <initializer_list>

using namespace std;

using Mymap = unordered_map<char, int>;

int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (const auto& c : c1) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;

    Mymap c2(8,
        hash<char>(),
        equal_to<char>(),
        allocator<pair<const char, int> >());

    c2.insert(Mymap::value_type('d', 4));
    c2.insert(Mymap::value_type('e', 5));
    c2.insert(Mymap::value_type('f', 6));

    // display contents " [f 6] [e 5] [d 4]"
    for (const auto& c : c2) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;

    Mymap c3(c1.begin(),
        c1.end(),
        8,
        hash<char>(),
        equal_to<char>(),
        allocator<pair<const char, int> >());

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (const auto& c : c3) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;

    Mymap c4(move(c3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (const auto& c : c4) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;

    // Construct with an initializer_list
    unordered_map<int, char> c5({ { 5, 'g' }, { 6, 'h' }, { 7, 'i' }, { 8, 'j' } });
    for (const auto& c : c5) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;

    // Initializer_list plus size
    unordered_map<int, char> c6({ { 5, 'g' }, { 6, 'h' }, { 7, 'i' }, { 8, 'j' } }, 4);
    for (const auto& c : c1) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;

    // Initializer_list plus size and hash
    unordered_map<int, char, hash<char>> c7(
        { { 5, 'g' }, { 6, 'h' }, { 7, 'i' }, { 8, 'j' } },
        4,
        hash<char>()
    );

    for (const auto& c : c1) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;

    // Initializer_list plus size, hash, and key_equal
    unordered_map<int, char, hash<char>, equal_to<char>> c8(
        { { 5, 'g' }, { 6, 'h' }, { 7, 'i' }, { 8, 'j' } },
        4,
        hash<char>(),
        equal_to<char>()
    );

    for (const auto& c : c1) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;

    // Initializer_list plus size, hash, key_equal, and allocator
    unordered_map<int, char, hash<char>, equal_to<char>> c9(
        { { 5, 'g' }, { 6, 'h' }, { 7, 'i' }, { 8, 'j' } },
        4,
        hash<char>(),
        equal_to<char>(),
        allocator<pair<const char, int> >()
    );

    for (const auto& c : c1) {
        cout << " [" << c.first << ", " << c.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

[a, 1] [b, 2] [c, 3]
[d, 4] [e, 5] [f, 6]
[a, 1] [b, 2] [c, 3]
[a, 1] [b, 2] [c, 3]

[5, g] [6, h] [7, i] [8, j]
[a, 1] [b, 2] [c, 3]

[a, 1] [b, 2] [c, 3]
[a, 1] [b, 2] [c, 3]
[a, 1] [b, 2] [c, 3]

`unordered_map::value_type`

The type of an element.

typedef std::pair<const Key, Ty> value_type;

Remarks

The type describes an element of the controlled sequence.

Example

// std__unordered_map__unordered_map_value_type.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::unordered_map<char, int> Mymap;
int main()
{
    Mymap c1;

    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('a', 1));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('b', 2));
    c1.insert(Mymap::value_type('c', 3));

    // display contents " [c 3] [b 2] [a 1]"
    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // add a value and reinspect
    Mymap::key_type key = 'd';
    Mymap::mapped_type mapped = 4;
    Mymap::value_type val = Mymap::value_type(key, mapped);
    c1.insert(val);

    for (Mymap::const_iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << " [" << it->first << ", " << it->second << "]";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return (0);
}

[c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]
[d, 4] [c, 3] [b, 2] [a, 1]

Share via

unordered_map Class

Syntax

Parameters

Members

Remarks

Requirements

unordered_map::allocator_type

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::at

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::begin

Parameters

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::bucket

Parameters

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::bucket_count

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::bucket_size

Parameters

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::cbegin

Return Value

Remarks

unordered_map::cend

Return Value

Remarks

unordered_map::clear

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::const_iterator

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::const_local_iterator

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::const_pointer

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::const_reference

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::contains

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::count

Parameters

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::difference_type

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::emplace

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

unordered_map::emplace_hint

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

unordered_map::empty

Remarks

Example

unordered_map::end

Parameters

Remarks

unordered_map::equal_range

Parameters

Remarks

`unordered_map` Class

`unordered_map::allocator_type`

`unordered_map::at`

`unordered_map::begin`

`unordered_map::bucket`

`unordered_map::bucket_count`

`unordered_map::bucket_size`

`unordered_map::cbegin`

`unordered_map::cend`

`unordered_map::clear`

`unordered_map::const_iterator`

`unordered_map::const_local_iterator`

`unordered_map::const_pointer`

`unordered_map::const_reference`

`unordered_map::contains`

`unordered_map::count`

`unordered_map::difference_type`

`unordered_map::emplace`

`unordered_map::emplace_hint`

`unordered_map::empty`

`unordered_map::end`

`unordered_map::equal_range`

`unordered_map::erase`

`unordered_map::get_allocator`

`unordered_map::hash_function`

`unordered_map::hasher`

`unordered_map::insert`

`unordered_map::iterator`

`unordered_map::key_eq`

`unordered_map::key_equal`

`unordered_map::key_type`

`unordered_map::load_factor`

`unordered_map::local_iterator`

`unordered_map::mapped_type`

`unordered_map::max_bucket_count`

`unordered_map::max_load_factor`

`unordered_map::max_size`

`unordered_map::operator[]`

`unordered_map::operator=`

`unordered_map::pointer`

`unordered_map::reference`

`unordered_map::rehash`