Remote Debug ASP.NET Core on IIS in Azure in Visual Studio

Applies to: Visual Studio Visual Studio for Mac

This guide explains how to set up and configure a Visual Studio ASP.NET Core app, deploy it to IIS using Azure, and attach the remote debugger from Visual Studio.

For IIS scenarios, Linux is not supported.

The recommended way to remote debug on Azure depends on your scenario:

• To debug ASP.NET Core on Azure App Service, see Debug Azure apps using the Snapshot Debugger. This is the recommended method.

• To debug ASP.NET Core on Azure App Service using more traditional debugging features, follow steps in this topic (see the section Remote debug on Azure App Service).

  In this scenario, you must deploy your app from Visual Studio to Azure but you do not need to manually install or configure IIS or the remote debugger (these components are represented with dotted lines), as shown in the following illustration.

  

• To debug IIS on an Azure VM, follow steps in this topic (see the section Remote Debug on an Azure VM). This allows you to use a customized configuration of IIS, but the setup and deployment steps are more complicated.

  For an Azure VM, you must deploy your app from Visual Studio to Azure and you also need to manually install the IIS role and the remote debugger, as shown in the following illustration.

  

• To debug ASP.NET Core on Azure Service Fabric, see Debug a remote Service Fabric application.

Prerequisites

Network requirements

Debugging between two computers connected through a proxy is not supported. Debugging over a high latency or low bandwidth connection, such as dialup Internet, or over the Internet across countries/regions is not recommended and may fail or be unacceptably slow. For a complete list of requirements, see Requirements.

Create the ASP.NET Core application on the Visual Studio computer

1. Create a new ASP.NET Core web application.

   In Visual Studio 2017, choose File > New > Project, then select Visual C# > Web > ASP.NET Core Web Application. In the ASP.NET Core templates section, select Web Application (Model-View-Controller). Make sure that ASP.NET Core 2.1 or later is selected, that Enable Docker Support is not selected and that Authentication is set to No Authentication. Name the project MyASPApp.

2. Open the About.cshtml.cs file and set a breakpoint in the OnGet method (in older templates, open HomeController.cs instead and set the breakpoint in the About() method).

Remote Debug ASP.NET Core on an Azure App Service (Windows)

From Visual Studio, you can quickly publish and debug your app to Azure App Service on Windows, which is based on a fully provisioned instance of IIS. If you are hosting IIS on a VM, try debugging on an Azure VM.)

Remote Debug ASP.NET Core on an Azure VM

You can create an Azure VM for Windows Server and then install and configure IIS and the other required software components. This takes more time than deploying to an Azure App Service and requires that you follow the remaining steps in this tutorial.

These procedures have been tested on these server configurations:

• Windows Server 2012 R2 and IIS 8
• Windows Server 2016 and IIS 10
• Windows Server 2019 and IIS 10

App already running in IIS on the Azure VM?

This article includes steps on setting up a basic configuration of IIS on Windows server and deploying the app from Visual Studio. These steps are included to make sure that the server has the required components installed, that the app can run correctly, and that you are ready to remote debug.

• If your app is running in IIS and you just want to download the remote debugger and start debugging, go to Download and Install the remote tools on Windows Server.

• If you want help to make sure that your app is set up, deployed, and running correctly in IIS so that you can debug, follow all the steps in this topic.

  • Before you begin, follow all the steps described in Create a Windows Virtual Machine, which includes steps to install the IIS web server.

  • Make sure you open port 80 in the Azure Network security group. When you verify that port 80 is open, also open the correct port for the remote debugger (4026, 4024, or 4022). That way, you won't have to open it later. If you're using Web Deploy, also open port 8172.

Update browser security settings on Windows Server

If Enhanced Security Configuration is enabled in Internet Explorer (it is enabled by default), then you may need to add some domains as trusted sites to enable you to download some of the web server components. Add the trusted sites by going to Internet Options > Security > Trusted Sites > Sites. Add the following domains.

• microsoft.com
• go.microsoft.com
• download.microsoft.com
• iis.net

When you download the software, you may get requests to grant permission to load various web site scripts and resources. Some of these resources are not required, but to simplify the process, click Add when prompted.

Install ASP.NET Core on Windows Server

1. Install the .NET Core Hosting Bundle on the hosting system. The bundle installs the .NET Core Runtime, .NET Core Library, and the ASP.NET Core Module. For more in-depth instructions, see Publishing to IIS.

   For the current .NET Core hosting bundle, install the ASP.NET Core Hosting Bundle. For .NET Core 2, install the .NET Core Windows Server Hosting.

   Note

   If the system doesn't have an Internet connection, obtain and install the Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable before installing the .NET Core Windows Server Hosting bundle.

2. Restart the system (or execute net stop was /y followed by net start w3svc from a command prompt to pick up a change to the system PATH).

Choose a deployment option

If you need help to deploy the app to IIS, consider these options:

• Deploy by creating a publish settings file in IIS and importing the settings in Visual Studio. In some scenarios, this is a fast way to deploy your app. When you create the publish settings file, permissions are automatically set up in IIS.

• Deploy by publishing to a local folder and copying the output by a preferred method to a prepared app folder on IIS.

(Optional) Deploy using a publish settings file

You can use this option create a publish settings file and import it into Visual Studio.

Configure the ASP.NET Core web site

1. In IIS Manager, in the left pane under Connections, select Application Pools. Open DefaultAppPool and set the .NET CLR version to No Managed Code. This is required for ASP.NET Core. The Default Web Site uses the DefaultAppPool.

2. Stop and restart the DefaultAppPool.

Install and configure Web Deploy for Hosting Servers on Windows Server

Web Deploy 3.6 for Hosting Servers provides additional configuration features that enable the creation of the publish settings file from the UI.

The Web Platform Installer for IIS allows installation of version 3.6, not 4.0, so that is the version we recommend in this article.

1. If you have Web Deploy already installed on Windows Server, uninstall it using Control Panel > Programs > Uninstall a Program.

2. Next, install Web Deploy 3.6 for Hosting Servers on Windows Server.

   To install Web Deploy for Hosting Servers, use the Web Platform Installer (WebPI). (To find the Web Platform Installer link from IIS, select IIS in the left pane of Server Manager. In the server pane, right-click the server and select Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager. Then use the Get New Web Platform Components link in the Actions window.) You can also obtain the Web Platform Installer (WebPI) from downloads.

   In the Web Platform Installer, you find Web Deploy 3.6 for Hosting Servers in the Applications tab.

3. If you did not already install IIS Management Scripts and Tools, install it now.

   Go to Select server roles > Web Server (IIS) > Management Tools, and then select the IIS Management Scripts and Tools role, click Next, and then install the role.

   

   The scripts and tools are required to enable the generation of the publish settings file.

4. (Optional) Verify that Web Deploy is running correctly by opening Control Panel > System and Security > Administrative Tools > Services, and then make sure that:

   • Web Deployment Agent Service is running (the service name is different in older versions).

   • Web Management Service is running.

   If one of the agent services is not running, restart the Web Deployment Agent Service.

   If the Web Deployment Agent Service is not present at all, go to Control Panel > Programs > Uninstall a program, find Microsoft Web Deploy <version>. Choose to Change the installation and make sure that you choose Will be installed to the local hard drive for the Web Deploy components. Complete the change installation steps.

Create the publish settings file in IIS on Windows Server

1. Close and reopen the IIS Management Console to show updated configuration options in the UI.

2. In IIS, right-click the Default Web Site, choose Deploy > Configure Web Deploy Publishing.

   

   If you don't see the Deploy menu, see the preceding section to verify that Web Deploy is running.

3. In the Configure Web Deploy Publishing dialog box, examine the settings.

4. Click Setup.

   In the Results panel, the output shows that access rights are granted to the specified user, and that a file with a .publishsettings file extension has been generated in the location shown in the dialog box.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <publishData>
     <publishProfile
       publishUrl="https://myhostname:8172/msdeploy.axd"
       msdeploySite="Default Web Site"
       destinationAppUrl="http://myhostname:80/"
       mySQLDBConnectionString=""
       SQLServerDBConnectionString=""
       profileName="Default Settings"
       publishMethod="MSDeploy"
       userName="myhostname\myusername" />
   </publishData>
   

   Depending on your Windows Server and IIS configuration, you see different values in the XML file. Here are a few details about the values that you see:

   • The msdeploy.axd file referenced in the publishUrl attribute is a dynamically generated HTTP handler file for Web Deploy. (For testing purposes, http://myhostname:8172 generally works as well.)

   • The publishUrl port is set to port 8172, which is the default for Web Deploy.

   • The destinationAppUrl port is set to port 80, which is the default for IIS.

   • If, in later steps, you are unable to connect to the remote host from Visual Studio using the host name, test the server's IP address in place of the host name.

     Note

     If you are publishing to IIS running on an Azure VM, you must open an inbound port for Web Deploy and IIS in the Network Security group. For detailed information, see Open ports to a virtual machine.

5. Copy this file to the computer where you are running Visual Studio.

Import the publish settings in Visual Studio and deploy

1. On the computer where you have the ASP.NET project open in Visual Studio, right-click the project in Solution Explorer, and choose Publish.

   If you have previously configured any publishing profiles, the Publish pane appears. Click New or Create new profile.

2. Select the option to import a profile.

   In the Pick a publish target dialog box, click Import Profile.

   

3. Navigate to the location of the publish settings file that you created in the previous section.

4. In the Import Publish Settings File dialog, navigate to and select the profile that you created in the previous section, and click Open.

   Visual Studio begins the deployment process, and the Output window shows progress and results.

   If you get an any deployment errors, click Settings to edit settings. Modify settings and click Validate to test new settings. If the host name is not found, try the IP address instead of the host name in the Server and Destination URL fields.

   

After the app deploys successfully, it should start automatically. If the app does not start from Visual Studio, start the app in IIS to verify that it runs correctly. For ASP.NET Core, you also need to make sure that the Application pool field for the DefaultAppPool is set to No Managed Code.

1. In the Settings dialog box, enable debugging by clicking Next, choose a Debug configuration, and then choose Remove additional files at destination under the File Publish options.

   Important

   If you choose a Release configuration, you disable debugging in the web.config file when you publish.

2. Click Save and then republish the app.

(Optional) Deploy by publishing to a local folder

You can use this option to deploy your app if you want to copy the app to IIS using PowerShell, RoboCopy, or you want to manually copy the files.

Configure the ASP.NET Core Web site on the Windows Server computer

If you are importing publish settings, you can skip this section.

1. Open the Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager and go to Sites.

2. Right-click the Default Web Site node and select Add Application.

3. Set the Alias field to MyASPApp and the Application pool field to No Managed Code. Set the Physical path to C:\Publish (where you will later deploy the ASP.NET Core project).

4. With the site selected in the IIS Manager, choose Edit Permissions, and make sure that IUSR, IIS_IUSRS, or the user configured for the Application Pool is an authorized user with Read & Execute rights.

   If you don't see one of these users with access, go through steps to add IUSR as a user with Read & Execute rights.

(Optional) Publish and Deploy the app by publishing to a local folder from Visual Studio

If you're not using Web Deploy, you must publish and deploy the app using the file system or other tools. You can start by creating a package using the file system, and then either deploy the package manually or use other tools like PowerShell, Robocopy, or XCopy. In this section, we assume you are manually copying the package if you are not using Web Deploy.

1. In the Solution Explorer, right-click the project node and select Publish (for Web Forms, Publish Web App).

   If you have previously configured any publishing profiles, the Publish pane appears. Click New profile.

2. In the Publish dialog box, select Folder, click Browse, and create a new folder, C:\Publish.

   For a Web Forms app, choose Custom in the Publish dialog box, enter a profile name, and choose OK.

   Click Create profile in the drop-down list (Publish is the default value).

3. Switch to a debug configuration.

   In the Settings dialog box, enable debugging by clicking Next, choose a Debug configuration, and then choose Remove additional files at destination under the File Publish options.

   Note

   If you use a Release build, you disable debugging in the web.config file when you publish.

4. Click Publish.

   

   The application publishes a Debug configuration of the project to the local folder. Progress shows in the Output window.

5. Copy the ASP.NET project directory from the Visual Studio computer to the local directory configured for the ASP.NET app (in this example, C:\Publish) on the Windows Server computer. In this tutorial, we assume you are copying manually, but you can use other tools like PowerShell, Xcopy, or Robocopy.

   Caution

   If you need to make changes to the code or rebuild, you must republish and repeat this step. The executable you copied to the remote machine must exactly match your local source and symbols. If you do not do this you will receive a cannot find or open the PDB file warning in Visual Studio when you attempt to debug the process.

6. On the Windows Server, verify that you can run the app correctly by opening the app in your browser.

   If the app doesn't run correctly, there may be a mismatch between the version of ASP.NET installed on your server and your Visual Studio machine, or you may have an issue with your IIS or Web site configuration. Recheck earlier steps.

Download and Install the remote tools on Windows Server

Download the version of the remote tools that matches your version of Visual Studio.

On the remote device or server that you want to debug on, rather than the Visual Studio machine, download and install the correct version of the remote tools from the links in the following table.

• Download the most recent remote tools for your version of Visual Studio. The latest remote tools version is compatible with earlier Visual Studio versions, but earlier remote tools versions aren't compatible with later Visual Studio versions. (For example, if you are using Visual Studio 2017, download the latest update of the remote tools for Visual Studio 2017. In this scenario, do not download the remote tools for Visual Studio 2019.)
• Download the remote tools with the same architecture as the machine you're installing them on. For example, if you want to debug a 32-bit app on a remote computer running a 64-bit operating system, install the 64-bit remote tools.

You can run the remote debugger by copying msvsmon.exe to the remote computer, rather than installing the remote tools. However, the Remote Debugger Configuration Wizard (rdbgwiz.exe) is available only when you install the remote tools. You may need to use the wizard for configuration if you want to run the remote debugger as a service. For more information, see (Optional) Configure the remote debugger as a service.

Set up the remote debugger on Windows Server

1. On the remote computer, find and start the Remote Debugger from the Start menu.

   If you don't have administrative permissions on the remote computer, right-click the Remote Debugger app and select Run as administrator. Otherwise, just start it normally.

   If you are planning to attach to a process which is running as an administrator, or is running under a different user account (such as IIS), right-click the Remote Debugger app and select Run as administrator. For more information, see Run the remote debugger as an administrator.

2. The first time you start the remote debugger (or before you have configured it), the Remote Debugging Configuration dialog box appears.

   

3. If the Windows Web Services API is not installed, which happens only on Windows Server 2008 R2, select the Install button.

4. Select at least one network type you want to use the remote tools on. If the computers are connected through a domain, you must choose the first item. If the computers are connected through a workgroup or homegroup, choose the second or third item as appropriate.

5. Select Configure remote debugging to configure the firewall and start the remote debugger.

6. When configuration is complete, the Remote Debugger window appears.

   The remote debugger is now waiting for a connection. Use the server name and port number shown to set the remote connection configuration in Visual Studio.

To stop the remote debugger, select File > Exit. You can restart it from the Start menu, or from the command line:

<Remote debugger installation directory>\msvsmon.exe

Attach to the ASP.NET application from the Visual Studio computer

1. On the Visual Studio computer, open the solution that you are trying to debug (MyASPApp if you are following the steps in this article).

2. In Visual Studio, click Debug > Attach to Process (Ctrl + Alt + P).

   Tip

   In Visual Studio 2017 and later versions, you can re-attach to the same process you previously attached to by using Debug > Reattach to Process... (Shift+Alt+P).

3. Set the Qualifier field to <remote computer name> and press Enter.

   Verify that Visual Studio adds the required port to the computer name, which appears in the format: <remote computer name>:port

   On Visual Studio 2017, you should see <remote computer name>:4022

   The port is required. If you don't see the port number, add it manually.

4. Click Refresh. You should see some processes appear in the Available Processes window.

   If you don't see any processes, try using the IP address instead of the remote computer name (the port is required). You can use ipconfig in a command line to get the IPv4 address.

   If you want to use the Find button, you may need to open UDP port 3702 on the server.

5. Check Show processes from all users.

6. Type the first letter of your process name to quickly find your app.

   • If you're using the in-process hosting model on IIS, select the correct w3wp.exe process. Starting in .NET Core 3, this is the default.

   • Otherwise, select the dotnet.exe process. (This is the out-of-process hosting model.)

   If you have multiple processes showing w3wp.exe or dotnet.exe, check the User Name column. In some scenarios, the User Name column shows your app pool name, such as IIS APPPOOL\DefaultAppPool. If you see the App Pool, but it's not unique, create a new named App Pool for the app instance you want to debug, and then you can find it easily in the User Name column.

   

7. Click Attach.

8. Open the remote computer's website. In a browser, go to http://<remote computer name>.

   You should see the ASP.NET web page.

9. In the running ASP.NET application, click the link to the About page.

   The breakpoint should be hit in Visual Studio.

Troubleshooting IIS deployment

• If you can't connect to the host using the host name, try the IP address instead.
• Make sure the required ports are open on the remote server.
• For ASP.NET Core, you need to make sure that the Application pool field for the DefaultAppPool is set to No Managed Code.
• Verify that the version of ASP.NET used in your app is the same as the version you installed on the server. For your app, you can view and set the version in the Properties page. To set the app to a different version, that version must be installed.
• If the app tried to open, but you see a certificate warning, choose to trust the site. If you already closed the warning, you can edit the publishing profile, a *.pubxml file, in your project and add the following element (for test only): <AllowUntrustedCertificate>true</AllowUntrustedCertificate>
• If the app does not start from Visual Studio, start the app in IIS to test that it deployed correctly.
• Check the Output window in Visual Studio for status information, and check your error messages.

Open required ports on Windows Server

In most setups, required ports are opened by the installation of ASP.NET and the remote debugger. However, if you are troubleshooting deployment issues and the app is hosted behind a firewall, you may need to verify that the correct ports are open.

On an Azure VM, you must open ports through the Network security group.

Required ports:

• 80 - Required for IIS

• UDP 3702 - (Optional) Discovery port enables you to the Find button when attaching to the remote debugger in Visual Studio.

In addition, these ports should already be opened by the ASP.NET installation:

• 8172 - (Optional) Required for Web Deploy to deploy the app from Visual Studio