Install Build Tools into a container

Applies to: Visual Studio Visual Studio for Mac

You can install Visual Studio Build Tools into a Windows container to support continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) workflows. This article guides you through what Docker configuration changes are required as well as what workloads and components you can install in a container.

Containers are a great way to package a consistent build system you can use not only in a CI/CD server environment but for development environments as well. For example, you can mount your source code into a container to be built by a customized environment while you continue to use Visual Studio or other tools to write your code. If your CI/CD workflow uses the same container image, you can rest assured that your code builds consistently. You can use containers for runtime consistency as well, which is common for micro-services using multiple containers with an orchestration system; however, is beyond the scope of this article.

If Visual Studio Build Tools does not have what you require to build your source code, these same steps can be used for other Visual Studio products. Do note, however, that Windows containers do not support an interactive user interface so all commands must be automated.

Before you begin

Some familiarity with Docker is assumed below. If you're not already familiar with running Docker on Windows, read about how to install and configure the Docker engine on Windows.

The base image below is a sample and may not work for your system. Read Windows container version compatibility to determine which base image you should use for your environment.

Create and build the Dockerfile

Save the following example Dockerfile to a new file on your disk. If the file is named simply "Dockerfile", it is recognized by default.

1. Open a command prompt.

2. Create a new directory (recommended):

   mkdir C:\BuildTools
   

3. Change directories to this new directory:

   cd C:\BuildTools
   

4. Save the following content to C:\BuildTools\Dockerfile.

   # escape=`
   
   # Use the latest Windows Server Core 2019 image.
   FROM mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:ltsc2019
   
   # Restore the default Windows shell for correct batch processing.
   SHELL ["cmd", "/S", "/C"]
   
   RUN `
       # Download the Build Tools bootstrapper.
       curl -SL --output vs_buildtools.exe https://aka.ms/vs/15/release/vs_buildtools.exe `
       `
       # Install Build Tools with the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.AzureBuildTools workload, excluding workloads and components with known issues.
       && (start /w vs_buildtools.exe --quiet --wait --norestart --nocache `
           --installPath C:\BuildTools `
           --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.AzureBuildTools `
           --remove Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows10SDK.10240 `
           --remove Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows10SDK.10586 `
           --remove Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows10SDK.14393 `
           --remove Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows81SDK `
           || IF "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="3010" EXIT 0) `
       `
       # Cleanup
       && del /q vs_buildtools.exe
   
   # Define the entry point for the Docker container.
   # This entry point starts the developer command prompt and launches the PowerShell shell.
   ENTRYPOINT ["C:\\BuildTools\\Common7\\Tools\\VsDevCmd.bat", "&&", "powershell.exe", "-NoLogo", "-ExecutionPolicy", "Bypass"]
   

   Tip

   For a list of workloads and components, see the Visual Studio Build Tools component directory.

   Warning

   If you base your image directly on microsoft/windowsservercore or mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore (see Microsoft syndicates container catalog), the .NET Framework might not install properly and no install error is indicated. Managed code might not run after the install is complete. Instead, base your image on microsoft/dotnet-framework:4.7.2 or later. Also note that images that are tagged version 4.7.2 or later might use PowerShell as the default SHELL, which will cause the RUN and ENTRYPOINT instructions to fail.

   Visual Studio 2017 version 15.8 or earlier (any product) will not properly install on mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:1809 or later. No error is displayed.

   See Windows container version compatibility to see which container OS versions are supported on which host OS versions, and Known issues for containers for known issues.

   Note

   Error code 3010 is used to indicate success with a reboot required, see MsiExec.exe error messages for more information.

5. Run the following command within that directory.

   docker build -t buildtools2017:latest -m 2GB .
   

   This command builds the Dockerfile in the current directory using 2 GB of memory. The default 1 GB is not sufficient when some workloads are installed; however, you might be able to build with only 1 GB of memory depending on your build requirements.

   The final image is tagged "buildtools2017:latest" so you can easily run it in a container as "buildtools2017" since the "latest" tag is the default if no tag is specified. If you want to use a specific version of Visual Studio Build Tools 2017 in a more advanced scenario, you might instead tag the container with a specific Visual Studio build number as well as "latest" so containers can use a specific version consistently.

Using the built image

Now that you have created an image, you can run it in a container to do both interactive and automated builds. The example uses the Developer Command Prompt, so your PATH and other environment variables are already configured.

1. Open a command prompt.

2. Run the container to start a PowerShell environment with all developer environment variables set:

   docker run -it buildtools2017
   

To use this image for your CI/CD workflow, you can publish it to your own Azure Container Registry or other internal Docker registry so servers need only to pull it.

Support or troubleshooting

Sometimes, things can go wrong. If your Visual Studio installation fails, see Troubleshoot Visual Studio installation and upgrade issues for step-by-step guidance.

Here are a few more support options:

• We also offer an installation chat (English only) support option for installation-related issues.
• Report product issues to us via the Report a Problem tool that appears both in the Visual Studio Installer and in the Visual Studio IDE. If you're an IT Administrator and don't have Visual Studio installed, you can submit IT Admin feedback here.
• Suggest a feature, track product issues, and find answers in the Visual Studio Developer Community.

See also

• Advanced Example for Containers
• Known Issues for Containers
• Visual Studio Build Tools workload and component IDs