Copy

Applies To: Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista

Copies one or more files from one location to another.

For examples of how to use this command, see Examples.

Syntax

copy [/d] [/v] [/n] [/y | /-y] [/z] [/a | /b] <Source> [/a | /b] [+<Source> [/a | /b] [+ ...]] [<Destination> [/a | /b]]

Parameters

Remarks

• You can copy an ASCII text file that uses an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) to indicate the end of the file.

• Using /a

  When /a precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all files listed until copy encounters /b. In this case, /b applies to the file preceding /b.

  The effect of /a depends on its position in the command-line string. When /a follows Source, copy treats the file as an ASCII file and copies data that precedes the first end-of-file character (CTRL+Z).

  When /a follows Destination, copy adds an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) as the last character of the file.

• Using /b

  /b directs the command interpreter to read the number of bytes specified by the file size in the directory. /b is the default value for copy, unless copy combines files.

  When /b precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all listed files until copy encounters /a. In this case, /a applies to the file preceding /a.

  The effect of /b depends on its position in the command–line string. When /b follows Source, copy copies the entire file, including any end-of-file character (CTRL+Z).

  When /b follows Destination, copy does not add an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z).

• Using /v

  If a write operation cannot be verified an error message appears. Although recording errors rarely occur with copy, you can use /v to verify that critical data has been correctly recorded. The /v command-line option also slows down the copy command, because each sector recorded on the disk must be checked.

• Using /y and /-y

  If /y is preset in the COPYCMD environment variable, you can override this setting by using /-y at the command line. By default, you are prompted when you replace this setting, unless the copy command is executed in a batch script.

• Appending files

  To append files, specify a single file for Destination, but multiple files for Source (use wildcard characters or File1+File2+File3 format).

• Using /z

  If the connection is lost during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline breaks the connection), copy /z resumes after the connection is re-established. /z also displays the percentage of the copy operation that is completed for each file.

• Copying to and from devices

  You can substitute a device name for one or more occurrences of Source or Destination.

• Using or omitting /b when copying to a device

  When Destination is a device (for example, Com1 or Lpt1), /b copies data to the device in binary mode. In binary mode, copy /b copies all characters (including special characters such as CTRL+C, CTRL+S, CTRL+Z, and ENTER) to the device as data. However, if you omit /b, data is copied to the device in ASCII mode. In ASCII mode, special characters might cause files to combine during the copying process.

• Using the default destination file

  If you do not specify a destination file, a copy is created with the same name, modified date, and modified time as the original file. The new copy is stored in the current directory on the current drive. If the source file is on the current drive and in the current directory and you do not specify a different drive or directory for the destination file, the copy command stops and displays the following error message:

  File cannot be copied onto itself

  0 File(s) copied

• Combining files

  If you specify more than one file in Source, copy combines them all into a single file using the file name specified in Destination. Copy assumes the combined files are ASCII files unless you use the /b option.

• Copying zero-length files

  Copy does not copy files that are 0 bytes long. Use xcopy to copy these files.

• Changing the time and date of a file

  If you want to assign the current time and date to a file without modifying the file, use the following syntax:

  copy /b <Source> +,,
  

  The commas indicate the omission of the Destination parameter.

• Copying files in subdirectories

  To copy all of a directory's files and subdirectories, use the xcopy command.

• The copy command, with different parameters, is available from the Recovery Console.

Examples

To copy a file called Memo.doc to Letter.doc in the current drive and ensure that an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) is at the end of the copied file, type:

copy memo.doc letter.doc /a

To copy a file named Robin.typ from the current drive and directory to an existing directory named Birds that is located on drive C, type:

copy robin.typ c:\birds

If the Birds directory does not exist, the file Robin.typ is copied into a file named Birds that is located in the root directory on the disk in drive C.

To combine Mar89.rpt, Apr89.rpt, and May89.rpt, which are located in the current directory, and place them in a file named Report (also in the current directory), type:

copy mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt Report

When you combine files, copy marks the destination file with the current date and time. If you omit Destination, the files are combined and stored under the name of the first file in the list. For example, to combine all files in Report when a file named Report already exists, type:

copy report + mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt

To combine all files in the current directory that have the.txt file name extension into a single file named Combined.doc, type:

copy *.txt Combined.doc 

If you want to combine several binary files into one file by using wildcard characters, include /b. This prevents Windows from treating CTRL+Z as an end-of-file character. For example, type:

copy /b *.exe Combined.exe

In the following example, copy combines each file that has a .txt extension with its corresponding .ref file. The result is a file with the same file name but with a .doc extension. Copy combines File1.txt with File1.ref to form File1.doc, and then copy combines File2.txt with File2.ref to form File2.doc, and so on. For example, type:

copy *.txt + *.ref *.doc

To combine all files with the .txt extension, and then combine all files with the .ref extension into one file named Combined.doc, type:

copy *.txt + *.ref Combined.doc

Additional references

Command-Line Syntax Key