SQL Server extension for Visual Studio Code

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics SQL database in Microsoft Fabric

This article shows how to use the mssql extension for Visual Studio Code (Visual Studio Code) to work with databases in SQL Server on Windows, macOS, and Linux, as well as Azure SQL Database, SQL database in Fabric, Azure SQL Managed Instance, and Azure Synapse Analytics. The mssql extension for Visual Studio Code lets you connect to a SQL Server, query with Transact-SQL (T-SQL), and view the results.

Create or open a SQL file

The mssql extension enables mssql commands and T-SQL IntelliSense in the code editor when the language mode is set to SQL.

1. Select File > New File or press Ctrl+N. Visual Studio Code opens a new Plain Text file by default.

2. Select Plain Text on the lower status bar, or press Ctrl+K > M, and select SQL from the languages dropdown list.

   

   Note

   If this is the first time you have used the extension, the extension installs the SQL Tools Service in the background.

If you open an existing file that has a .sql file extension, the language mode is automatically set to SQL.

Connect to SQL Server

Follow these steps to create a connection profile and connect to a SQL Server.

1. Press Ctrl+Shift+P or F1 to open the Command Palette.

2. Type sql to display the mssql commands, or type sqlcon, and then select MS SQL: Connect from the dropdown list.

   

   Note

   A SQL file, such as the empty SQL file you created, must have focus in the code editor before you can execute the mssql commands.

3. Select the MS SQL: Manage Connection Profiles command.

4. Then select Create to create a new connection profile for your SQL Server.

5. Follow the prompts to specify the properties for the new connection profile. After specifying each value, press Enter to continue.

   Connection property	Description
   Server name or ADO connection string	Specify the SQL Server instance name. Use localhost to connect to a SQL Server instance on your local machine. To connect to a remote SQL Server, enter the name of the target SQL Server, or its IP address. To connect to a SQL Server container, specify the IP address of the container's host machine. If you need to specify a port, use a comma to separate it from the name. For example, for a server listening on port 1401, enter <servername or IP>,1401. By default, the connection string uses port 1433. A default instance of SQL Server uses 1433 unless modified. If your instance is listening on 1433, you do not need to specify the port. As an alternative, you can enter the ADO connection string for your database here.
   Database name (optional)	The database that you want to use. To connect to the default database, don't specify a database name here.
   Authentication Type	Choose either Integrated or SQL Login.
   User name	If you selected SQL Login, enter the name of a user with access to a database on the server.
   Password	Enter the password for the specified user.
   Save Password	Press Enter to select Yes and save the password. Select No to be prompted for the password each time the connection profile is used.
   Profile Name (optional)	Type a name for the connection profile, such as localhost profile.

   After you enter all values and select Enter, Visual Studio Code creates the connection profile and connects to the SQL Server.

   Tip

   If the connection fails, try to diagnose the problem from the error message in the Output panel in Visual Studio Code. To open the Output panel, select View > Output. Also review the connection troubleshooting recommendations.

6. Verify your connection in the lower status bar.

   

As an alternative to the previous steps, you can also create and edit connection profiles in the User Settings file (settings.json). To open the settings file, select File > Preferences > Settings. For more information, see Manage connection profiles.

Encrypt and Trust server certificate

Beginning with mssql extension for VS Code v1.17.0:

• The Encrypt property is enabled (set to True) by default for MSSQL provider connections
• SQL Server must be configured with TLS certificates signed by a trusted root certificate authority

In addition, if an initial connection attempt fails with encryption enabled (default), the mssql extension provides a notification prompt with an option to attempt the connection with Trust Server Certificate enabled.

You can edit the Encrypt and Trust server certificate properties in the user settings file (settings.json). The best practice is to support a trusted encrypted connection to the server.

For users connecting to Azure SQL Database, no changes to existing, saved connections are needed; Azure SQL Database supports encrypted connections and is configured with trusted certificates.

For users connecting to on-premises SQL Server, or SQL Server in a Virtual Machine, if Encrypt is set to True, ensure that you have a certificate from a trusted certificate authority (for example, not a self-signed certificate). Alternatively, you might choose to connect without encryption (Encrypt set to False), or to trust the server certificate (Encrypt set to True and Trust server certificate set to True).

Create a database

1. In the new SQL file that you started earlier, type sql to display a list of editable code snippets.

   

2. Select sqlCreateDatabase.

3. In the snippet, type TutorialDB to replace 'DatabaseName':

   -- Create a new database called 'TutorialDB'
   -- Connect to the 'master' database to run this snippet
   USE master
   GO
   IF NOT EXISTS (
      SELECT name
      FROM sys.databases
      WHERE name = N'TutorialDB'
   )
   CREATE DATABASE [TutorialDB]
   GO
   

4. Press Ctrl+Shift+E to execute the Transact-SQL commands. View the results in the query window.

   

   Tip

   You can customize the shortcut keys for the mssql commands. See Customize shortcuts.

Create a table

1. Delete the contents of the code editor window.

2. Press Ctrl+Shift+P or F1 to open the Command Palette.

3. Type sql to display the mssql commands, or type sqluse, and then select the MS SQL: Use Database command.

4. Select the new TutorialDB database.

   

5. In the code editor, type sql to display the snippets, select sqlCreateTable, and then press Enter.

6. In the snippet, type Employees for the table name.

7. Press Tab to get to the next field, and then type dbo for the schema name.

8. Replace the column definitions with the following columns:

   EmployeesId INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
   Name [NVARCHAR](50)  NOT NULL,
   Location [NVARCHAR](50)  NOT NULL
   

9. Press Ctrl+Shift+E to create the table.

Insert and query

1. Add the following statements to insert four rows into the Employees table.

   -- Insert rows into table 'Employees'
   INSERT INTO Employees
      ([EmployeesId],[Name],[Location])
   VALUES
      ( 1, N'Jared', N'Australia'),
      ( 2, N'Nikita', N'India'),
      ( 3, N'Tom', N'Germany'),
      ( 4, N'Jake', N'United States')
   GO
   -- Query the total count of employees
   SELECT COUNT(*) as EmployeeCount FROM dbo.Employees;
   -- Query all employee information
   SELECT e.EmployeesId, e.Name, e.Location
   FROM dbo.Employees as e
   GO
   

   While you type, T-SQL IntelliSense helps you to complete the statements:

   

   Tip

   The mssql extension also has commands to help create INSERT and SELECT statements. These were not used in the previous example.

2. Press Ctrl+Shift+E to execute the commands. The two result sets display in the Results window.

   

View and save the result

1. Select View > Editor Layout > Flip Layout to switch to a vertical or horizontal split layout.

2. Select the Results and Messages panel headers to collapse and expand the panels.

   

   Tip

   You can customize the default behavior of the mssql extension. See Customize extension options.

3. Select the maximize grid icon on the second result grid to zoom in to those results.

   

   Note

   The maximize icon displays when your T-SQL script produces two or more result grids.

4. Open the grid context menu by right-clicking on the grid.

   

5. Select Select All.

6. Open the grid context menu again and select Save as JSON to save the result to a .json file.

7. Specify a file name for the JSON file.

8. Verify that the JSON file saves and opens in Visual Studio Code.

   

If you need to save and run SQL scripts later, for administration or a larger development project, save the scripts with a .sql extension.

Related content

• Tutorial: Write Transact-SQL statements
• Transact-SQL reference (Database Engine)
• SQL Database Projects extension
• mssql extension project wiki
• Visual Studio Code documentation