Comment : regrouper des éléments dans une séquence

L'opérateur GroupBy regroupe les éléments d'une séquence. Les exemples suivants utilisent la base de données Northwind.

Exemple 1

L'exemple suivant partitionne Products par CategoryID.

IQueryable<IGrouping<Int32?, Product>> prodQuery =
    from prod in db.Products
    group prod by prod.CategoryID into grouping
    select grouping;

foreach (IGrouping<Int32?, Product> grp in prodQuery)
{
    Console.WriteLine("\nCategoryID Key = {0}:", grp.Key);
    foreach (Product listing in grp)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", listing.ProductName);
    }
}

Dim prodQuery = From prod In db.Products _
                Group prod By prod.CategoryID Into grouping = Group

For Each grp In prodQuery
    Console.WriteLine(vbNewLine & "CategoryID Key = {0}:", _
        grp.CategoryID)
    For Each listing In grp.grouping
        Console.WriteLine(vbTab & listing.ProductName)
    Next
Next

Exemple 2

L'exemple suivant utilise Max pour rechercher le prix unitaire maximal pour chaque CategoryID.

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new
    {
        g.Key,
        MaxPrice = g.Max(p => p.UnitPrice)
    };

Dim query = From p In db.Products _
            Group p By p.CategoryID Into g = Group _
            Select CategoryID, MaxPrice = g.Max(Function(p) p.UnitPrice)

Exemple 3

L'exemple suivant utilise Average pour rechercher le UnitPrice moyen pour chaque CategoryID.

var q2 =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new
    {
        g.Key,
        AveragePrice = g.Average(p => p.UnitPrice)
    };

Dim q2 = From p In db.Products _
         Group p By p.CategoryID Into g = Group _
         Select CategoryID, AveragePrice = g.Average(Function(p) _
        p.UnitPrice)

Exemple 4

L'exemple suivant utilise Sum pour rechercher le UnitPrice total pour chaque CategoryID.

var priceQuery =
    from prod in db.Products
    group prod by prod.CategoryID into grouping
    select new
    {
        grouping.Key,
        TotalPrice = grouping.Sum(p => p.UnitPrice)
    };

foreach (var grp in priceQuery)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Category = {0}, Total price = {1}",
        grp.Key, grp.TotalPrice);
}

Dim priceQuery = From prod In db.Products _
                 Group prod By prod.CategoryID Into grouping = Group _
                 Select CategoryID, TotalPrice = grouping.Sum(Function(p) _
        p.UnitPrice)

For Each grp In priceQuery
    Console.WriteLine("Category = {0}, Total price = {1}", _
        grp.CategoryID, grp.TotalPrice)
Next

Exemple 5

L'exemple suivant utilise Count pour rechercher le nombre de Products de fin de série dans chaque CategoryID.

var disconQuery =
    from prod in db.Products
    group prod by prod.CategoryID into grouping
    select new
    {
        grouping.Key,
        NumProducts = grouping.Count(p => p.Discontinued)
    };

foreach (var prodObj in disconQuery)
{
    Console.WriteLine("CategoryID = {0}, Discontinued# = {1}",
        prodObj.Key, prodObj.NumProducts);
}

Dim disconQuery = From prod In db.Products _
                  Group prod By prod.CategoryID Into grouping = Group _
                  Select CategoryID, NumProducts = grouping.Count(Function(p) _
        p.Discontinued)

For Each prodObj In disconQuery
    Console.WriteLine("CategoryID = {0}, Discontinued# = {1}", _
        prodObj.CategoryID, prodObj.NumProducts)
Next

Exemple 6

L'exemple suivant utilise une clause where pour rechercher toutes les catégories comportant au moins 10 produits.

var prodCountQuery =
    from prod in db.Products
    group prod by prod.CategoryID into grouping
    where grouping.Count() >= 10
    select new
    {
        grouping.Key,
        ProductCount = grouping.Count()
    };

foreach (var prodCount in prodCountQuery)
{
    Console.WriteLine("CategoryID = {0}, Product count = {1}",
        prodCount.Key, prodCount.ProductCount);
}

Dim prodCountQuery = From prod In db.Products _
                     Group prod By prod.CategoryID Into grouping = Group _
                     Where grouping.Count >= 10 _
                     Select CategoryID, ProductCount = grouping.Count

For Each prodCount In prodCountQuery
    Console.WriteLine("CategoryID = {0}, Product count = {1}", _
        prodCount.CategoryID, prodCount.ProductCount)
Next

Exemple 7

L'exemple suivant regroupe les produits par CategoryID et SupplierID.

var prodQuery =
    from prod in db.Products
    group prod by new
    {
        prod.CategoryID,
        prod.SupplierID
    }
    into grouping
    select new { grouping.Key, grouping };

foreach (var grp in prodQuery)
{
    Console.WriteLine("\nCategoryID {0}, SupplierID {1}",
        grp.Key.CategoryID, grp.Key.SupplierID);
    foreach (var listing in grp.grouping)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", listing.ProductName);
    }
}

Dim prodQuery = From prod In db.Products _
                Group prod By Key = New With {prod.CategoryID, prod.SupplierID} _
                    Into grouping = Group

For Each grp In prodQuery
    Console.WriteLine(vbNewLine & "CategoryID {0}, SupplierID {1}", _
        grp.Key.CategoryID, grp.Key.SupplierID)
    For Each listing In grp.grouping
        Console.WriteLine(vbTab & listing.ProductName)
    Next
Next

Exemple 8

L'exemple suivant retourne deux séquences de produits. La première séquence contient des produits dont le prix unitaire est inférieur ou égal à 10. La deuxième séquence contient des produits dont le prix unitaire est supérieur à 10.

var priceQuery =
    from prod in db.Products
    group prod by new
    {
        Criterion = prod.UnitPrice > 10
    }
    into grouping
    select grouping;

foreach (var prodObj in priceQuery)
{
    if (prodObj.Key.Criterion == false)
        Console.WriteLine("Prices 10 or less:");
    else
        Console.WriteLine("\nPrices greater than 10");
    foreach (var listing in prodObj)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", listing.ProductName,
            listing.UnitPrice);
    }
}

Dim priceQuery = From prod In db.Products _
                 Group prod By Key = New With {.Criterion = prod.UnitPrice > 10} _
                     Into grouping = Group Select Key, grouping

For Each prodObj In priceQuery
    If prodObj.Key.Criterion = False Then
        Console.WriteLine("Prices 10 or less:")
    Else
        Console.WriteLine("\nPrices greater than 10")
        For Each listing In prodObj.grouping
            Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", listing.ProductName, _
                listing.UnitPrice)
        Next
    End If
Next

Exemple

L'opérateur GroupBy ne peut prendre qu'un argument Key. Pour effectuer un regroupement sur plusieurs clés, vous devez créer un type anonyme, comme dans l'exemple suivant :

var custRegionQuery =
    from cust in db.Customers
    group cust.ContactName by new { City = cust.City, Region = cust.Region };

foreach (var grp in custRegionQuery)
{
    Console.WriteLine("\nLocation Key: {0}", grp.Key);
    foreach (var listing in grp)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", listing);
    }
}

Dim custRegionQuery = From cust In db.Customers _
                      Group cust.ContactName By Key = New With _
                          {cust.City, cust.Region} Into grouping = Group

For Each grp In custRegionQuery
    Console.WriteLine(vbNewLine & "Location Key: {0}", grp.Key)
    For Each listing In grp.grouping
        Console.WriteLine(vbTab & "{0}", listing)
    Next
Next

Voir aussi

• Exemples de requêtes
• Téléchargement d’exemples de base de données