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Lock command (Team Foundation Version Control)

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TFS 2018

Visual Studio 2019 | Visual Studio 2022

The Team Foundation Version Control (TFVC) lock command locks or unlocks a file or folder. The command denies or restores the right of users to check out an item for edit into a different workspace or to check in pending changes to an item from a different workspace.

Prerequisites

To use the lock command, you must have the Lock permission set to Allow. You need the Unlock other user's changes permission set to Allow to remove a lock held by another user if you don't have Write permission for that user's workspace. For more information, see Default TFVC permissions.

Syntax

tf lock itemspec /lock:(none|checkout|checkin) 
[/workspace:workspacename] [/recursive] [/login:username,[password]] [/collection:TeamProjectCollectionUrl]

Parameters

Arguments

Argument

Description

<itemspec>

Identifies the file or folder to lock or unlock. For more information about how TFVC parses the itemspec to determine which items are within scope, see Use options to modify how a command functions.

Note

You can specify more than one itemspec argument.

<workspacename>

The user-provided value for the /workspace option.

<username>

Provides a value to the /login option. You can specify a username value as either DOMAIN\username or username.

<TeamProjectCollectionUrl>

The URL of the project collection that contains the file or folder that you want to lock or unlock, for example http://myserver:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection.

Options

Option

Description

/lock

Specifies a lock type or removes a lock from an item. For more information, see Understand lock types.

Lock options:

  • None: Removes a lock from an item.

  • Checkin: Enables an item to be checked out and edited in all workspaces but prevents users from checking in changes to the item outside the specified /workspace until you explicitly release the check-in lock. If the specified item is locked in any other workspace, the lock operation fails.

  • Checkout: Prevents users from checking in or checking out the specified items until you explicitly release the lock. If users have locked any one of the specified items, or if pending changes exist against any one of the items, the lock operation fails.

/workspace

Specifies the name of a different workspace in which to apply the lock. By default, the lock is applied in the workspace in which you are currently.

/login

Specifies the user name and password to authenticate the user with Azure DevOps.

/collection

Specifies the project collection.

Remarks

You can use the lock command to temporarily freeze the TFVC server version of an item so that you can check in a pending change without having to resolve any merge conflicts. If you want to permanently prevent access to an item in the TFVC server, you should use the Permission command instead.

Note

As a courtesy to your teammates, notify them when you apply a lock to an item, explain why you are doing this, and estimate when you plan to remove the lock, if you can.

For more information on how to use the tf command-line utility, see Use Team Foundation version control commands.

How to lock an item

You can lock an item using the lock command or by specifying a lock option during the commission of several other tf command-line utility commands, including:

For add and branch, the lock is placed on the namespace where the new item will be created. Locks placed with rename apply both to the old and new namespaces. For more information, see Lock and unlock folders or files.

Lock types

TFVC provides two types of locks: checkin and checkout.

A check-in lock is less restrictive than a check-out lock. When you apply a check-in lock, users can continue to make local changes to the item in other workspaces. The changes can't be checked in until you explicitly remove the check-in lock from the workspace.

A check-out lock is more restrictive than a check-in lock. When you apply a check-out lock to a version-controlled file or folder, users can neither check out the item for edit nor check in pre-existing pending changes. You can't acquire a check-out lock if there are currently any pending changes to an item.

For more information about when to apply a check-out lock and when to apply a check-in lock, see Understand lock types.

How locking works

If you have a file checked out when you lock it, its status is modified to contain the new lock type. If the files aren't checked out, a lock change is added to the set of pending workspace changes. Unlike the checkout command, lock doesn't automatically make a file editable.

Locks on folders are implicitly recursive. If you lock a folder, you don't have to lock the files it contains unless you want to apply the more restrictive check-out lock to a file in a folder that has a check-in lock.

Unlock an item

You can unlock a locked item by using the none option. TFVC also unlocks an item automatically when you check in pending changes in the workspace.

You can determine which files are locked in the TFVC server and by whom the files were locked by using the Status command.

Examples

The following example prevents other users from checking out 314.cs.

c:\projects>tf lock /lock:checkout 314.cs

The following example prevents other users from checking in changes to 1256.cs but enables them to check it out in their workspaces.

c:\projects>tf lock /lock:checkin 1256.cs

The following example prevents other users from pending changes to any items in the $/src folder in the TFVC server.

c:\projects>tf lock /lock:checkout $/src

The following example unlocks and makes all files in the $/src TFVC server folder available for check-out and check-in by other users.

c:\projects>tf lock /lock:none $/src