Mots clés réservés (Transact-SQL)
MicrosoftSQL Server utilise des mots clés réservés pour définir, manipuler des bases de données et y accéder. Les mots clés réservés font partie de la grammaire du langage Transact-SQL utilisé par SQL Server pour analyser et interpréter les instructions et les traitementsTransact-SQL. Bien que, d'un point de vue syntaxique, il soit possible d'employer dans les scripts Transact-SQL des mots clés SQL Server réservés comme identificateurs et noms d'objets, ceci est réalisable uniquement en utilisant des identificateurs délimités.
Le tableau suivant répertorie les mots clés SQL Server réservés.
ADD |
EXISTS |
PRECISION |
ALL |
EXIT |
PRIMARY |
ALTER |
EXTERNAL |
|
AND |
FETCH |
PROC |
ANY |
FILE |
PROCEDURE |
AS |
FILLFACTOR |
PUBLIC |
ASC |
FOR |
RAISERROR |
AUTHORIZATION |
FOREIGN |
READ |
BACKUP |
FREETEXT |
READTEXT |
BEGIN |
FREETEXTTABLE |
RECONFIGURE |
BETWEEN |
FROM |
REFERENCES |
BREAK |
FULL |
REPLICATION |
BROWSE |
FUNCTION |
RESTORE |
BULK |
GOTO |
RESTRICT |
BY |
GRANT |
RETURN |
CASCADE |
GROUP |
REVERT |
CASE |
HAVING |
REVOKE |
CHECK |
HOLDLOCK |
RIGHT |
CHECKPOINT |
IDENTITY |
ROLLBACK |
CLOSE |
IDENTITY_INSERT |
ROWCOUNT |
CLUSTERED |
IDENTITYCOL |
ROWGUIDCOL |
COALESCE |
IF |
RULE |
COLLATE |
IN |
SAVE |
COLUMN |
INDEX |
SCHEMA |
COMMIT |
INNER |
SECURITYAUDIT |
COMPUTE |
INSERT |
SELECT |
CONSTRAINT |
INTERSECT |
SESSION_USER |
CONTAINS |
INTO |
SET |
CONTAINSTABLE |
IS |
SETUSER |
CONTINUE |
JOIN |
SHUTDOWN |
CONVERT |
KEY |
SOME |
CREATE |
KILL |
STATISTICS |
CROSS |
LEFT |
SYSTEM_USER |
CURRENT |
LIKE |
TABLE |
CURRENT_DATE |
LINENO |
TABLESAMPLE |
CURRENT_TIME |
LOAD |
TEXTSIZE |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
MERGE |
THEN |
CURRENT_USER |
NATIONAL |
TO |
CURSOR |
NOCHECK |
TOP |
DATABASE |
NONCLUSTERED |
TRAN |
DBCC |
NOT |
TRANSACTION |
DEALLOCATE |
NULL |
TRIGGER |
DECLARE |
NULLIF |
TRUNCATE |
DEFAULT |
OF |
TSEQUAL |
DELETE |
OFF |
UNION |
DENY |
OFFSETS |
UNIQUE |
DESC |
ON |
UNPIVOT |
DISK |
OPEN |
UPDATE |
DISTINCT |
OPENDATASOURCE |
UPDATETEXT |
DISTRIBUTED |
OPENQUERY |
USE |
DOUBLE |
OPENROWSET |
USER |
DROP |
OPENXML |
VALUES |
DUMP |
OPTION |
VARYING |
ELSE |
OR |
VIEW |
END |
ORDER |
WAITFOR |
ERRLVL |
OUTER |
WHEN |
ESCAPE |
OVER |
WHERE |
EXCEPT |
PERCENT |
WHILE |
EXEC |
PIVOT |
WITH |
EXECUTE |
PLAN |
WRITETEXT |
De plus, le standard ISO définit une liste de mots clés réservés. Évitez d'utiliser des mots clés réservés ISO pour des identificateurs et des noms d'objets. La liste des mots clés réservés ODBC figurant dans le tableau ci-dessous est identique à celle des mots clés réservés ISO.
[!REMARQUE]
La liste des mots clés réservés de norme ISO peut être parfois plus et parfois moins restrictive que la liste SQL Server. Par exemple, la liste des mots clés réservés ISO mentionne INT, que SQL Server n'a pas besoin d'établir comme mot clé.
Les mots clés réservés Transact-SQL sont utilisables comme identificateurs ou comme noms de bases de données ou d'objets de base de données, tels que des tables, des colonnes, des vues, etc. Utilisez des identificateurs délimités ou entre guillemets. L'utilisation de mots clés réservés comme noms de variables et de paramètres de procédures stockées ne fait pas l'objet de restrictions. Pour plus d'informations, consultez Utilisation des identificateurs comme noms d'objet.
Mots clés réservés ODBC
Les mots suivants sont réservés et utilisés dans les appels de fonction ODBC. Ces mots ne limitent pas la grammaire minimale SQL ; cependant, pour garantir la compatibilité avec les pilotes qui gèrent la grammaire SQL de base, il est préférable que les applications ne les utilisent pas.
Voici la liste actuelle des mots clés réservés ODBC.
ABSOLUTE |
EXEC |
OVERLAPS |
ACTION |
EXECUTE |
PAD |
ADA |
EXISTS |
PARTIAL |
ADD |
EXTERNAL |
PASCAL |
ALL |
EXTRACT |
POSITION |
ALLOCATE |
FALSE |
PRECISION |
ALTER |
FETCH |
PREPARE |
AND |
FIRST |
PRESERVE |
ANY |
FLOAT |
PRIMARY |
ARE |
FOR |
PRIOR |
AS |
FOREIGN |
PRIVILEGES |
ASC |
FORTRAN |
PROCEDURE |
ASSERTION |
FOUND |
PUBLIC |
AT |
FROM |
READ |
AUTHORIZATION |
FULL |
REAL |
AVG |
GET |
REFERENCES |
BEGIN |
GLOBAL |
RELATIVE |
BETWEEN |
GO |
RESTRICT |
BIT |
GOTO |
REVOKE |
BIT_LENGTH |
GRANT |
RIGHT |
BOTH |
GROUP |
ROLLBACK |
BY |
HAVING |
ROWS |
CASCADE |
HOUR |
SCHEMA |
CASCADED |
IDENTITY |
SCROLL |
CASE |
IMMEDIATE |
SECOND |
CAST |
IN |
SECTION |
CATALOG |
INCLUDE |
SELECT |
CHAR |
INDEX |
SESSION |
CHAR_LENGTH |
INDICATOR |
SESSION_USER |
CHARACTER |
INITIALLY |
SET |
CHARACTER_LENGTH |
INNER |
SIZE |
CHECK |
INPUT |
SMALLINT |
CLOSE |
INSENSITIVE |
SOME |
COALESCE |
INSERT |
SPACE |
COLLATE |
INT |
SQL |
COLLATION |
INTEGER |
SQLCA |
COLUMN |
INTERSECT |
SQLCODE |
COMMIT |
INTERVAL |
SQLERROR |
CONNECT |
INTO |
SQLSTATE |
CONNECTION |
IS |
SQLWARNING |
CONSTRAINT |
ISOLATION |
SUBSTRING |
CONSTRAINTS |
JOIN |
SUM |
CONTINUE |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
CONVERT |
LANGUAGE |
TABLE |
CORRESPONDING |
LAST |
TEMPORARY |
COUNT |
LEADING |
THEN |
CREATE |
LEFT |
TIME |
CROSS |
LEVEL |
TIMESTAMP |
CURRENT |
LIKE |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
CURRENT_DATE |
LOCAL |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
CURRENT_TIME |
LOWER |
TO |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
MATCH |
TRAILING |
CURRENT_USER |
MAX |
TRANSACTION |
CURSOR |
MIN |
TRANSLATE |
DATE |
MINUTE |
TRANSLATION |
DAY |
MODULE |
TRIM |
DEALLOCATE |
MONTH |
TRUE |
DEC |
NAMES |
UNION |
DECIMAL |
NATIONAL |
UNIQUE |
DECLARE |
NATURAL |
UNKNOWN |
DEFAULT |
NCHAR |
UPDATE |
DEFERRABLE |
NEXT |
UPPER |
DEFERRED |
NO |
USAGE |
DELETE |
NONE |
USER |
DESC |
NOT |
USING |
DESCRIBE |
NULL |
VALUE |
DESCRIPTOR |
NULLIF |
VALUES |
DIAGNOSTICS |
NUMERIC |
VARCHAR |
DISCONNECT |
OCTET_LENGTH |
VARYING |
DISTINCT |
OF |
VIEW |
DOMAIN |
ON |
WHEN |
DOUBLE |
ONLY |
WHENEVER |
DROP |
OPEN |
WHERE |
ELSE |
OPTION |
WITH |
END |
OR |
WORK |
END-EXEC |
ORDER |
WRITE |
ESCAPE |
OUTER |
YEAR |
EXCEPT |
OUTPUT |
ZONE |
EXCEPTION |
|
|
Mots clés futurs
Les mots clés suivants sont susceptibles d'être réservés dans de futures versions de SQL Server, lorsque de nouvelles fonctionnalités seront implémentées. Évitez d'utiliser ces mots comme identificateurs.
ABSOLUTE |
HOST |
RELATIVE |
ACTION |
HOUR |
RELEASE |
ADMIN |
IGNORE |
RESULT |
AFTER |
IMMEDIATE |
RETURNS |
AGGREGATE |
INDICATOR |
ROLE |
ALIAS |
INITIALIZE |
ROLLUP |
ALLOCATE |
INITIALLY |
ROUTINE |
ARE |
INOUT |
ROW |
ARRAY |
INPUT |
ROWS |
ASENSITIVE |
INT |
SAVEPOINT |
ASSERTION |
INTEGER |
SCROLL |
ASYMMETRIC |
INTERSECTION |
SCOPE |
AT |
INTERVAL |
SEARCH |
ATOMIC |
ISOLATION |
SECOND |
BEFORE |
ITERATE |
SECTION |
BINARY |
LANGUAGE |
SENSITIVE |
BIT |
LARGE |
SEQUENCE |
BLOB |
LAST |
SESSION |
BOOLEAN |
LATERAL |
SETS |
BOTH |
LEADING |
SIMILAR |
BREADTH |
LESS |
SIZE |
CALL |
LEVEL |
SMALLINT |
CALLED |
LIKE_REGEX |
SPACE |
CARDINALITY |
LIMIT |
SPECIFIC |
CASCADED |
LN |
SPECIFICTYPE |
CAST |
LOCAL |
SQL |
CATALOG |
LOCALTIME |
SQLEXCEPTION |
CHAR |
LOCALTIMESTAMP |
SQLSTATE |
CHARACTER |
LOCATOR |
SQLWARNING |
CLASS |
MAP |
START |
CLOB |
MATCH |
STATE |
COLLATION |
MEMBER |
STATEMENT |
COLLECT |
METHOD |
STATIC |
COMPLETION |
MINUTE |
STDDEV_POP |
CONDITION |
MOD |
STDDEV_SAMP |
CONNECT |
MODIFIES |
STRUCTURE |
CONNECTION |
MODIFY |
SUBMULTISET |
CONSTRAINTS |
MODULE |
SUBSTRING_REGEX |
CONSTRUCTOR |
MONTH |
SYMMETRIC |
CORR |
MULTISET |
SYSTEM |
CORRESPONDING |
NAMES |
TEMPORARY |
COVAR_POP |
NATURAL |
TERMINATE |
COVAR_SAMP |
NCHAR |
THAN |
CUBE |
NCLOB |
TIME |
CUME_DIST |
NEW |
TIMESTAMP |
CURRENT_CATALOG |
NEXT |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP |
NO |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
CURRENT_PATH |
NONE |
TRAILING |
CURRENT_ROLE |
NORMALIZE |
TRANSLATE_REGEX |
CURRENT_SCHEMA |
NUMERIC |
TRANSLATION |
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE |
OBJECT |
TREAT |
CYCLE |
OCCURRENCES_REGEX |
TRUE |
DATA |
OLD |
UESCAPE |
DATE |
ONLY |
UNDER |
DAY |
OPERATION |
UNKNOWN |
DEC |
ORDINALITY |
UNNEST |
DECIMAL |
OUT |
USAGE |
DEFERRABLE |
OVERLAY |
USING |
DEFERRED |
OUTPUT |
VALUE |
DEPTH |
PAD |
VAR_POP |
DEREF |
PARAMETER |
VAR_SAMP |
DESCRIBE |
PARAMETERS |
VARCHAR |
DESCRIPTOR |
PARTIAL |
VARIABLE |
DESTROY |
PARTITION |
WHENEVER |
DESTRUCTOR |
PATH |
WIDTH_BUCKET |
DETERMINISTIC |
POSTFIX |
WITHOUT |
DICTIONARY |
PREFIX |
WINDOW |
DIAGNOSTICS |
PREORDER |
WITHIN |
DISCONNECT |
PREPARE |
WORK |
DOMAIN |
PERCENT_RANK |
WRITE |
DYNAMIC |
PERCENTILE_CONT |
XMLAGG |
EACH |
PERCENTILE_DISC |
XMLATTRIBUTES |
ELEMENT |
POSITION_REGEX |
XMLBINARY |
END-EXEC |
PRESERVE |
XMLCAST |
EQUALS |
PRIOR |
XMLCOMMENT |
EVERY |
PRIVILEGES |
XMLCONCAT |
EXCEPTION |
RANGE |
XMLDOCUMENT |
FALSE |
READS |
XMLELEMENT |
FILTER |
REAL |
XMLEXISTS |
FIRST |
RECURSIVE |
XMLFOREST |
FLOAT |
REF |
XMLITERATE |
FOUND |
REFERENCING |
XMLNAMESPACES |
FREE |
REGR_AVGX |
XMLPARSE |
FULLTEXTTABLE |
REGR_AVGY |
XMLPI |
FUSION |
REGR_COUNT |
XMLQUERY |
GENERAL |
REGR_INTERCEPT |
XMLSERIALIZE |
GET |
REGR_R2 |
XMLTABLE |
GLOBAL |
REGR_SLOPE |
XMLTEXT |
GO |
REGR_SXX |
XMLVALIDATE |
GROUPING |
REGR_SXY |
YEAR |
HOLD |
REGR_SYY |
ZONE |