Procédure pas à pas : implémentation du mode virtuel dans le contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms

Article
08/10/2011

Lorsque vous souhaitez afficher de très grandes quantités de données sous forme de tableau dans un contrôle DataGridView, vous pouvez affecter à la propriété VirtualMode la valeur true et gérer explicitement l'interaction du contrôle avec son magasin de données. Cela vous permet de régler avec précision la performance du contrôle dans cette situation.

Le contrôle DataGridView fournit plusieurs événements que vous pouvez gérer pour interagir avec un magasin de données personnalisé. Cette procédure pas à pas vous guide à travers le processus d'implémentation de ces gestionnaires d'événements. L'exemple de code dans cette rubrique utilise une source de données très simple au titre d'illustration. Dans un cadre de production, vous chargez en général uniquement les lignes que vous devez afficher dans un cache, et gérez les événements DataGridView pour interagir avec le cache et le mettre à jour. Pour plus d'informations, consultez Implémentation du mode virtuel avec le chargement de données juste-à-temps dans le contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms

Pour copier le code dans cette rubrique sous forme de liste unique, consultez Comment : implémenter le mode virtuel dans le contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms.

Création du formulaire

Pour implémenter le mode virtuel

Créez une classe qui dérive de Form et contient un contrôle DataGridView.

Le code suivant contient une initialisation de base. Il déclare quelques variables qui seront utilisées dans les étapes ultérieures, fournit une méthode Main et fournit une présentation de formulaire simple dans le constructeur de classe.

Imports System
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits Form

    Private WithEvents dataGridView1 As New DataGridView()

    ' Declare an ArrayList to serve as the data store. 
    Private customers As New System.Collections.ArrayList()

    ' Declare a Customer object to store data for a row being edited.
    Private customerInEdit As Customer

    ' Declare a variable to store the index of a row being edited. 
    ' A value of -1 indicates that there is no row currently in edit. 
    Private rowInEdit As Integer = -1

    ' Declare a variable to indicate the commit scope. 
    ' Set this value to false to use cell-level commit scope. 
    Private rowScopeCommit As Boolean = True

    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    Public Sub New()
        ' Initialize the form.
        Me.dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.dataGridView1)
        Me.Text = "DataGridView virtual-mode demo (row-level commit scope)"
    End Sub


...



End Class

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : Form
{
    private DataGridView dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();

    // Declare an ArrayList to serve as the data store. 
    private System.Collections.ArrayList customers =
        new System.Collections.ArrayList();

    // Declare a Customer object to store data for a row being edited.
    private Customer customerInEdit;

    // Declare a variable to store the index of a row being edited. 
    // A value of -1 indicates that there is no row currently in edit. 
    private int rowInEdit = -1;

    // Declare a variable to indicate the commit scope. 
    // Set this value to false to use cell-level commit scope. 
    private bool rowScopeCommit = true;

    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    public Form1()
    {
        // Initialize the form.
        this.dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        this.Controls.Add(this.dataGridView1);
        this.Load += new EventHandler(Form1_Load);
        this.Text = "DataGridView virtual-mode demo (row-level commit scope)";
    }


...


}

#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

public ref class Customer
{
private:
   String^ companyNameValue;
   String^ contactNameValue;

public:
   Customer()
   {

      // Leave fields empty.
   }

   Customer( String^ companyName, String^ contactName )
   {
      companyNameValue = companyName;
      contactNameValue = contactName;
   }


   property String^ CompanyName 
   {
      String^ get()
      {
         return companyNameValue;
      }

      void set( String^ value )
      {
         companyNameValue = value;
      }

   }

   property String^ ContactName 
   {
      String^ get()
      {
         return contactNameValue;
      }

      void set( String^ value )
      {
         contactNameValue = value;
      }

   }

};

public ref class Form1: public Form
{
private:
   DataGridView^ dataGridView1;

   // Declare an ArrayList to serve as the data store. 
   System::Collections::ArrayList^ customers;

   // Declare a Customer object to store data for a row being edited.
   Customer^ customerInEdit;

   // Declare a variable to store the index of a row being edited. 
   // A value of -1 indicates that there is no row currently in edit. 
   int rowInEdit;

   // Declare a variable to indicate the commit scope. 
   // Set this value to false to use cell-level commit scope. 
   bool rowScopeCommit;

public:
   static void Main()
   {
      Application::Run( gcnew Form1 );
   }

   Form1()
   {
      dataGridView1 = gcnew DataGridView;
      customers = gcnew System::Collections::ArrayList;
      rowInEdit = -1;
      rowScopeCommit = true;

      // Initialize the form.
      this->dataGridView1->Dock = DockStyle::Fill;
      this->Controls->Add( this->dataGridView1 );
      this->Load += gcnew EventHandler( this, &Form1::Form1_Load );
   }

private:


...


};

int main()
{
   Form1::Main();
}

Implémentez un gestionnaire pour l'événement Load de votre formulaire qui initialise le contrôle DataGridView et remplit le magasin de données avec des valeurs d'échantillon.

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) _
    Handles Me.Load

    ' Enable virtual mode.
    Me.dataGridView1.VirtualMode = True

    ' Add columns to the DataGridView.
    Dim companyNameColumn As New DataGridViewTextBoxColumn()
    With companyNameColumn
        .HeaderText = "Company Name"
        .Name = "Company Name"
    End With
    Dim contactNameColumn As New DataGridViewTextBoxColumn()
    With contactNameColumn
        .HeaderText = "Contact Name"
        .Name = "Contact Name"
    End With
    Me.dataGridView1.Columns.Add(companyNameColumn)
    Me.dataGridView1.Columns.Add(contactNameColumn)
    Me.dataGridView1.AutoSizeColumnsMode = _
        DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCells

    ' Add some sample entries to the data store. 
    Me.customers.Add(New Customer("Bon app'", "Laurence Lebihan"))
    Me.customers.Add(New Customer("Bottom-Dollar Markets", _
        "Elizabeth Lincoln"))
    Me.customers.Add(New Customer("B's Beverages", "Victoria Ashworth"))

    ' Set the row count, including the row for new records.
    Me.dataGridView1.RowCount = 4

End Sub

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Enable virtual mode.
    this.dataGridView1.VirtualMode = true;

    // Connect the virtual-mode events to event handlers. 
    this.dataGridView1.CellValueNeeded += new
        DataGridViewCellValueEventHandler(dataGridView1_CellValueNeeded);
    this.dataGridView1.CellValuePushed += new
        DataGridViewCellValueEventHandler(dataGridView1_CellValuePushed);
    this.dataGridView1.NewRowNeeded += new
        DataGridViewRowEventHandler(dataGridView1_NewRowNeeded);
    this.dataGridView1.RowValidated += new
        DataGridViewCellEventHandler(dataGridView1_RowValidated);
    this.dataGridView1.RowDirtyStateNeeded += new
        QuestionEventHandler(dataGridView1_RowDirtyStateNeeded);
    this.dataGridView1.CancelRowEdit += new
        QuestionEventHandler(dataGridView1_CancelRowEdit);
    this.dataGridView1.UserDeletingRow += new
        DataGridViewRowCancelEventHandler(dataGridView1_UserDeletingRow);

    // Add columns to the DataGridView.
    DataGridViewTextBoxColumn companyNameColumn = new
        DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
    companyNameColumn.HeaderText = "Company Name";
    companyNameColumn.Name = "Company Name";
    DataGridViewTextBoxColumn contactNameColumn = new
        DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
    contactNameColumn.HeaderText = "Contact Name";
    contactNameColumn.Name = "Contact Name";
    this.dataGridView1.Columns.Add(companyNameColumn);
    this.dataGridView1.Columns.Add(contactNameColumn);
    this.dataGridView1.AutoSizeColumnsMode = 
        DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCells;

    // Add some sample entries to the data store. 
    this.customers.Add(new Customer(
        "Bon app'", "Laurence Lebihan"));
    this.customers.Add(new Customer(
        "Bottom-Dollar Markets", "Elizabeth Lincoln"));
    this.customers.Add(new Customer(
        "B's Beverages", "Victoria Ashworth"));

    // Set the row count, including the row for new records.
    this.dataGridView1.RowCount = 4;
}

   void Form1_Load( Object^ /*sender*/, EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {

      // Enable virtual mode.
      this->dataGridView1->VirtualMode = true;

      // Connect the virtual-mode events to event handlers. 
      this->dataGridView1->CellValueNeeded += gcnew
          DataGridViewCellValueEventHandler( this, &Form1::dataGridView1_CellValueNeeded );
      this->dataGridView1->CellValuePushed += gcnew
          DataGridViewCellValueEventHandler( this, &Form1::dataGridView1_CellValuePushed );
      this->dataGridView1->NewRowNeeded += gcnew
          DataGridViewRowEventHandler( this, &Form1::dataGridView1_NewRowNeeded );
      this->dataGridView1->RowValidated += gcnew
          DataGridViewCellEventHandler( this, &Form1::dataGridView1_RowValidated );
      this->dataGridView1->RowDirtyStateNeeded += gcnew
          QuestionEventHandler( this, &Form1::dataGridView1_RowDirtyStateNeeded );
      this->dataGridView1->CancelRowEdit += gcnew
          QuestionEventHandler( this, &Form1::dataGridView1_CancelRowEdit );
      this->dataGridView1->UserDeletingRow += gcnew
          DataGridViewRowCancelEventHandler( this, &Form1::dataGridView1_UserDeletingRow );

      // Add columns to the DataGridView.
      DataGridViewTextBoxColumn^ companyNameColumn = gcnew DataGridViewTextBoxColumn;
      companyNameColumn->HeaderText = L"Company Name";
      companyNameColumn->Name = L"Company Name";
      DataGridViewTextBoxColumn^ contactNameColumn = gcnew DataGridViewTextBoxColumn;
      contactNameColumn->HeaderText = L"Contact Name";
      contactNameColumn->Name = L"Contact Name";
      this->dataGridView1->Columns->Add( companyNameColumn );
      this->dataGridView1->Columns->Add( contactNameColumn );
      this->dataGridView1->AutoSizeColumnsMode = DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode::AllCells;

      // Add some sample entries to the data store. 
      this->customers->Add( gcnew Customer( L"Bon app'",L"Laurence Lebihan" ) );
      this->customers->Add( gcnew Customer( L"Bottom-Dollar Markets",L"Elizabeth Lincoln" ) );
      this->customers->Add( gcnew Customer( L"B's Beverages",L"Victoria Ashworth" ) );

      // Set the row count, including the row for new records.
      this->dataGridView1->RowCount = 4;
   }

Implémentez un gestionnaire pour l'événement CellValueNeeded qui récupère la valeur de cellule demandée dans le magasin de données ou l'objet Customer en cours de modification.

Cet événement se produit chaque fois que le contrôle DataGridView doit peindre une cellule.

Private Sub dataGridView1_CellValueNeeded(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellValueEventArgs) _
    Handles dataGridView1.CellValueNeeded

    ' If this is the row for new records, no values are needed.
    If e.RowIndex = Me.dataGridView1.RowCount - 1 Then
        Return
    End If

    Dim customerTmp As Customer = Nothing

    ' Store a reference to the Customer object for the row being painted.
    If e.RowIndex = rowInEdit Then
        customerTmp = Me.customerInEdit
    Else
        customerTmp = CType(Me.customers(e.RowIndex), Customer)
    End If

    ' Set the cell value to paint using the Customer object retrieved.
    Select Case Me.dataGridView1.Columns(e.ColumnIndex).Name
        Case "Company Name"
            e.Value = customerTmp.CompanyName

        Case "Contact Name"
            e.Value = customerTmp.ContactName
    End Select

End Sub

private void dataGridView1_CellValueNeeded(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellValueEventArgs e)
{
    // If this is the row for new records, no values are needed.
    if (e.RowIndex == this.dataGridView1.RowCount - 1) return;

    Customer customerTmp = null;

    // Store a reference to the Customer object for the row being painted.
    if (e.RowIndex == rowInEdit)
    {
        customerTmp = this.customerInEdit;
    }
    else 
    {
        customerTmp = (Customer)this.customers[e.RowIndex];
    }

    // Set the cell value to paint using the Customer object retrieved.
    switch (this.dataGridView1.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name)
    {
        case "Company Name":
            e.Value = customerTmp.CompanyName;
            break;

        case "Contact Name":
            e.Value = customerTmp.ContactName;
            break;
    }
}

   void dataGridView1_CellValueNeeded( Object^ /*sender*/,
       System::Windows::Forms::DataGridViewCellValueEventArgs^ e )
   {
      Customer^ customerTmp = nullptr;

      // Store a reference to the Customer object for the row being painted.
      if ( e->RowIndex == rowInEdit )
      {
         customerTmp = this->customerInEdit;
      }
      else
      {
         customerTmp = dynamic_cast<Customer^>(this->customers[ e->RowIndex ]);
      }

      // Set the cell value to paint using the Customer object retrieved.
      int switchcase = 0;
      if ( (this->dataGridView1->Columns[ e->ColumnIndex ]->Name)->Equals( L"Company Name" ) )
            switchcase = 1;
      else
      if ( (this->dataGridView1->Columns[ e->ColumnIndex ]->Name)->Equals( L"Contact Name" ) )
            switchcase = 2;


      switch ( switchcase )
      {
         case 1:
            e->Value = customerTmp->CompanyName;
            break;

         case 2:
            e->Value = customerTmp->ContactName;
            break;
      }
   }

Implémentez un gestionnaire pour l'événement CellValuePushed qui stocke une valeur de cellule modifiée dans l'objet Customer qui représente la ligne modifiée. Cet événement se produit chaque fois que l'utilisateur valide un changement de valeur de la cellule.

Private Sub dataGridView1_CellValuePushed(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellValueEventArgs) _
    Handles dataGridView1.CellValuePushed

    Dim customerTmp As Customer = Nothing

    ' Store a reference to the Customer object for the row being edited.
    If e.RowIndex < Me.customers.Count Then

        ' If the user is editing a new row, create a new Customer object.
        If Me.customerInEdit Is Nothing Then
            Me.customerInEdit = New Customer( _
                CType(Me.customers(e.RowIndex), Customer).CompanyName, _
                CType(Me.customers(e.RowIndex), Customer).ContactName)
        End If
        customerTmp = Me.customerInEdit
        Me.rowInEdit = e.RowIndex

    Else
        customerTmp = Me.customerInEdit
    End If

    ' Set the appropriate Customer property to the cell value entered.
    Dim newValue As String = TryCast(e.Value, String)
    Select Case Me.dataGridView1.Columns(e.ColumnIndex).Name
        Case "Company Name"
            customerTmp.CompanyName = newValue
        Case "Contact Name"
            customerTmp.ContactName = newValue
    End Select

End Sub

private void dataGridView1_CellValuePushed(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellValueEventArgs e)
{
    Customer customerTmp = null;

    // Store a reference to the Customer object for the row being edited.
    if (e.RowIndex < this.customers.Count)
    {
        // If the user is editing a new row, create a new Customer object.
        if (this.customerInEdit == null)
        {
            this.customerInEdit = new Customer(
                ((Customer)this.customers[e.RowIndex]).CompanyName,
                ((Customer)this.customers[e.RowIndex]).ContactName);
        }
        customerTmp = this.customerInEdit;
        this.rowInEdit = e.RowIndex;
    }
    else
    {
        customerTmp = this.customerInEdit;
    }

    // Set the appropriate Customer property to the cell value entered.
    String newValue = e.Value as String;
    switch (this.dataGridView1.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name)
    {
        case "Company Name":
            customerTmp.CompanyName = newValue;
            break;

        case "Contact Name":
            customerTmp.ContactName = newValue;
            break;
    }
}

   void dataGridView1_CellValuePushed( Object^ /*sender*/,
       System::Windows::Forms::DataGridViewCellValueEventArgs^ e )
   {
      Customer^ customerTmp = nullptr;

      // Store a reference to the Customer object for the row being edited.
      if ( e->RowIndex < this->customers->Count )
      {

         // If the user is editing a new row, create a new Customer object.
         if ( this->customerInEdit == nullptr )
         {
            this->customerInEdit = gcnew Customer(
                (dynamic_cast<Customer^>(this->customers[ e->RowIndex ]))->CompanyName,
                (dynamic_cast<Customer^>(this->customers[ e->RowIndex ])->ContactName) );
         }

         customerTmp = this->customerInEdit;
         this->rowInEdit = e->RowIndex;
      }
      else
      {
         customerTmp = this->customerInEdit;
      }


      // Set the appropriate Customer property to the cell value entered.
      int switchcase = 0;
      if ( (this->dataGridView1->Columns[ e->ColumnIndex ]->Name)->Equals( L"Company Name" ) )
            switchcase = 1;
      else
      if ( (this->dataGridView1->Columns[ e->ColumnIndex ]->Name)->Equals( L"Contact Name" ) )
            switchcase = 2;


      switch ( switchcase )
      {
         case 1:
            customerTmp->CompanyName = dynamic_cast<String^>(e->Value);
            break;

         case 2:
            customerTmp->ContactName = dynamic_cast<String^>(e->Value);
            break;
      }
   }

Implémentez un gestionnaire pour l'événement NewRowNeeded qui crée un nouvel objet Customer représentant une ligne nouvellement créée.

Cet événement se produit chaque fois que l'utilisateur entre dans la ligne pour de nouveaux enregistrements.

Private Sub dataGridView1_NewRowNeeded(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewRowEventArgs) _
    Handles dataGridView1.NewRowNeeded

    ' Create a new Customer object when the user edits
    ' the row for new records.
    Me.customerInEdit = New Customer()
    Me.rowInEdit = Me.dataGridView1.Rows.Count - 1

End Sub

private void dataGridView1_NewRowNeeded(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    // Create a new Customer object when the user edits
    // the row for new records.
    this.customerInEdit = new Customer();
    this.rowInEdit = this.dataGridView1.Rows.Count - 1;
}

   void dataGridView1_NewRowNeeded( Object^ /*sender*/,
       System::Windows::Forms::DataGridViewRowEventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {

      // Create a new Customer object when the user edits
      // the row for new records.
      this->customerInEdit = gcnew Customer;
      this->rowInEdit = this->dataGridView1->Rows->Count - 1;
   }

Implémentez un gestionnaire pour l'événement RowValidated qui enregistre les lignes nouvelles ou modifiées dans le magasin de données.

Cet événement se produit chaque fois que l'utilisateur change la ligne actuelle.

Private Sub dataGridView1_RowValidated(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellEventArgs) _
    Handles dataGridView1.RowValidated

    ' Save row changes if any were made and release the edited 
    ' Customer object if there is one.
    If e.RowIndex >= Me.customers.Count AndAlso _
        e.RowIndex <> Me.dataGridView1.Rows.Count - 1 Then

        ' Add the new Customer object to the data store.
        Me.customers.Add(Me.customerInEdit)
        Me.customerInEdit = Nothing
        Me.rowInEdit = -1

    ElseIf (Me.customerInEdit IsNot Nothing) AndAlso _
        e.RowIndex < Me.customers.Count Then

        ' Save the modified Customer object in the data store.
        Me.customers(e.RowIndex) = Me.customerInEdit
        Me.customerInEdit = Nothing
        Me.rowInEdit = -1

    ElseIf Me.dataGridView1.ContainsFocus Then

        Me.customerInEdit = Nothing
        Me.rowInEdit = -1

    End If

End Sub

private void dataGridView1_RowValidated(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
    // Save row changes if any were made and release the edited 
    // Customer object if there is one.
    if (e.RowIndex >= this.customers.Count &&
        e.RowIndex != this.dataGridView1.Rows.Count - 1)
    {
        // Add the new Customer object to the data store.
        this.customers.Add(this.customerInEdit);
        this.customerInEdit = null;
        this.rowInEdit = -1;
    }
    else if (this.customerInEdit != null &&
        e.RowIndex < this.customers.Count)
    {
        // Save the modified Customer object in the data store.
        this.customers[e.RowIndex] = this.customerInEdit;
        this.customerInEdit = null;
        this.rowInEdit = -1;
    }
    else if (this.dataGridView1.ContainsFocus)
    {
        this.customerInEdit = null;
        this.rowInEdit = -1;
    }
}

   void dataGridView1_RowValidated( Object^ /*sender*/,
       System::Windows::Forms::DataGridViewCellEventArgs^ e )
   {

      // Save row changes if any were made and release the edited 
      // Customer object if there is one.
      if ( e->RowIndex >= this->customers->Count && e->RowIndex != this->dataGridView1->Rows->Count - 1 )
      {

         // Add the new Customer object to the data store.
         this->customers->Add( this->customerInEdit );
         this->customerInEdit = nullptr;
         this->rowInEdit = -1;
      }
      else
      if ( this->customerInEdit != nullptr && e->RowIndex < this->customers->Count )
      {

         // Save the modified Customer object in the data store.
         this->customers[ e->RowIndex ] = this->customerInEdit;
         this->customerInEdit = nullptr;
         this->rowInEdit = -1;
      }
      else
      if ( this->dataGridView1->ContainsFocus )
      {
         this->customerInEdit = nullptr;
         this->rowInEdit = -1;
      }
   }

Implémentez un gestionnaire pour l'événement RowDirtyStateNeeded qui indique si l'événement CancelRowEdit se produit lorsque l'utilisateur signale une inversion de ligne en appuyant deux fois sur ÉCHAP en mode édition, ou une fois dans un autre mode.

Par défaut, CancelRowEdit se produit en cas d'inversion de ligne lorsque chaque cellule de la ligne actuelle a été modifiée, sauf si la propriété QuestionEventArgs.Response a la valeur true dans le gestionnaire d'événements RowDirtyStateNeeded. Cet événement est utile lorsque la portée de validation est déterminée au moment de l'exécution.

Private Sub dataGridView1_RowDirtyStateNeeded(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.QuestionEventArgs) _
    Handles dataGridView1.RowDirtyStateNeeded

    If Not rowScopeCommit Then

        ' In cell-level commit scope, indicate whether the value
        ' of the current cell has been modified.
        e.Response = Me.dataGridView1.IsCurrentCellDirty

    End If

End Sub

private void dataGridView1_RowDirtyStateNeeded(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.QuestionEventArgs e)
{
    if (!rowScopeCommit)
    {
        // In cell-level commit scope, indicate whether the value
        // of the current cell has been modified.
        e.Response = this.dataGridView1.IsCurrentCellDirty;
    }
}

   void dataGridView1_RowDirtyStateNeeded( Object^ /*sender*/,
       System::Windows::Forms::QuestionEventArgs^ e )
   {
      if (  !rowScopeCommit )
      {

         // In cell-level commit scope, indicate whether the value
         // of the current cell has been modified.
         e->Response = this->dataGridView1->IsCurrentCellDirty;
      }
   }

Implémentez un gestionnaire pour l'événement CancelRowEdit qui ignore les valeurs de l'objet Customer représentant la ligne actuelle.

Cet événement se produit lorsque l'utilisateur signale l'inversion de ligne en appuyant deux fois sur ÉCHAP en mode édition, ou une fois dans un autre mode. Cet événement ne se produit pas si aucune cellule de la ligne actuelle n'a été modifiée ou si la valeur false a été affectée à la propriété QuestionEventArgs.Response dans un gestionnaire d'événements RowDirtyStateNeeded.

Private Sub dataGridView1_CancelRowEdit(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.QuestionEventArgs) _
    Handles dataGridView1.CancelRowEdit

    If Me.rowInEdit = Me.dataGridView1.Rows.Count - 2 AndAlso _
        Me.rowInEdit = Me.customers.Count Then

        ' If the user has canceled the edit of a newly created row, 
        ' replace the corresponding Customer object with a new, empty one.
        Me.customerInEdit = New Customer()

    Else

        ' If the user has canceled the edit of an existing row, 
        ' release the corresponding Customer object.
        Me.customerInEdit = Nothing
        Me.rowInEdit = -1

    End If

End Sub

private void dataGridView1_CancelRowEdit(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.QuestionEventArgs e)
{
    if (this.rowInEdit == this.dataGridView1.Rows.Count - 2 &&
        this.rowInEdit == this.customers.Count)
    {
        // If the user has canceled the edit of a newly created row, 
        // replace the corresponding Customer object with a new, empty one.
        this.customerInEdit = new Customer();
    }
    else
    {
        // If the user has canceled the edit of an existing row, 
        // release the corresponding Customer object.
        this.customerInEdit = null;
        this.rowInEdit = -1;
    }
}

   void dataGridView1_CancelRowEdit( Object^ /*sender*/,
       System::Windows::Forms::QuestionEventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      if ( this->rowInEdit == this->dataGridView1->Rows->Count - 2 &&
           this->rowInEdit == this->customers->Count )
      {

         // If the user has canceled the edit of a newly created row, 
         // replace the corresponding Customer object with a new, empty one.
         this->customerInEdit = gcnew Customer;
      }
      else
      {

         // If the user has canceled the edit of an existing row, 
         // release the corresponding Customer object.
         this->customerInEdit = nullptr;
         this->rowInEdit = -1;
      }
   }

Implémentez un gestionnaire pour l'événement UserDeletingRow qui supprime un objet Customer existant dans le magasin de données ou ignore un objet Customer non enregistré qui représente une ligne venant d'être créée.

Cet événement se produit chaque fois que l'utilisateur supprime une ligne en cliquant sur un en-tête de ligne et en appuyant sur la touche SUPPR.

Private Sub dataGridView1_UserDeletingRow(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewRowCancelEventArgs) _
    Handles dataGridView1.UserDeletingRow

    If e.Row.Index < Me.customers.Count Then

        ' If the user has deleted an existing row, remove the 
        ' corresponding Customer object from the data store.
        Me.customers.RemoveAt(e.Row.Index)

    End If

    If e.Row.Index = Me.rowInEdit Then

        ' If the user has deleted a newly created row, release
        ' the corresponding Customer object. 
        Me.rowInEdit = -1
        Me.customerInEdit = Nothing

    End If

End Sub

private void dataGridView1_UserDeletingRow(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewRowCancelEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.Row.Index < this.customers.Count)
    {
        // If the user has deleted an existing row, remove the 
        // corresponding Customer object from the data store.
        this.customers.RemoveAt(e.Row.Index);
    }

    if (e.Row.Index == this.rowInEdit)
    {
        // If the user has deleted a newly created row, release
        // the corresponding Customer object. 
        this.rowInEdit = -1;
        this.customerInEdit = null;
    }
}

void dataGridView1_UserDeletingRow( Object^ /*sender*/,
    System::Windows::Forms::DataGridViewRowCancelEventArgs^ e )
{
   if ( e->Row->Index < this->customers->Count )
   {

      // If the user has deleted an existing row, remove the 
      // corresponding Customer object from the data store.
      this->customers->RemoveAt( e->Row->Index );
   }

   if ( e->Row->Index == this->rowInEdit )
   {

      // If the user has deleted a newly created row, release
      // the corresponding Customer object. 
      this->rowInEdit = -1;
      this->customerInEdit = nullptr;
   }
}

Implémentez une classe Customers simple pour représenter les éléments de données utilisés par cet exemple de code.

Public Class Customer

    Private companyNameValue As String
    Private contactNameValue As String

    Public Sub New()
        ' Leave fields empty.
    End Sub

    Public Sub New(ByVal companyName As String, ByVal contactName As String)
        companyNameValue = companyName
        contactNameValue = contactName
    End Sub

    Public Property CompanyName() As String
        Get
            Return companyNameValue
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            companyNameValue = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property ContactName() As String
        Get
            Return contactNameValue
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            contactNameValue = value
        End Set
    End Property

End Class

public class Customer
{
    private String companyNameValue;
    private String contactNameValue;

    public Customer()
    {
        // Leave fields empty.
    }

    public Customer(String companyName, String contactName)
    {
        companyNameValue = companyName;
        contactNameValue = contactName;
    }

    public String CompanyName
    {
        get
        {
            return companyNameValue;
        }
        set
        {
            companyNameValue = value;
        }
    }

    public String ContactName
    {
        get
        {
            return contactNameValue;
        }
        set
        {
            contactNameValue = value;
        }
    }
}

public ref class Customer
{
private:
   String^ companyNameValue;
   String^ contactNameValue;

public:
   Customer()
   {

      // Leave fields empty.
   }

   Customer( String^ companyName, String^ contactName )
   {
      companyNameValue = companyName;
      contactNameValue = contactName;
   }


   property String^ CompanyName 
   {
      String^ get()
      {
         return companyNameValue;
      }

      void set( String^ value )
      {
         companyNameValue = value;
      }

   }

   property String^ ContactName 
   {
      String^ get()
      {
         return contactNameValue;
      }

      void set( String^ value )
      {
         contactNameValue = value;
      }

   }

};

Test de l'application

Vous pouvez à présent tester le formulaire afin de vous assurer qu'il se comporte comme prévu.

Pour tester le formulaire

Compilez et exécutez l'application.

Vous observerez un contrôle DataGridView rempli de trois enregistrements de client. Vous pouvez modifier les valeurs de plusieurs cellules dans une ligne et appuyer deux fois sur ÉCHAP en mode édition, ou une fois dans un autre mode, pour redonner à toute la ligne ses valeurs d'origine. Lorsque vous modifiez, ajoutez ou supprimez des lignes dans le contrôle, les objets Customer dans le magasin de données sont également modifiés, ajoutés ou supprimés.

Étapes suivantes

Cette application vous donne des notions de base sur les événements que vous devez gérer pour implémenter le mode virtuel dans le contrôle DataGridView. Vous pouvez améliorer cette application de base de plusieurs manières :

Implémentez un magasin de données qui mette en cache des valeurs d'une base de données externe. Le cache doit récupérer ou ignorer au besoin les valeurs de sorte qu'il ne contienne que les éléments devant être affichés tout en consommant une petite quantité de mémoire sur l'ordinateur client.
Réglez avec précision la performance du magasin de données selon vos besoins. Par exemple, vous pouvez chercher à compenser la lenteur des connexions réseau plutôt que les limitations de mémoire de l'ordinateur client en utilisant une taille de cache plus grande et en réduisant le nombre de requêtes de base de données.

Pour plus d'informations sur la mise en cache de valeurs à partir d'une base de données externe, consultez Comment : implémenter le mode virtuel avec le chargement de données juste-à-temps dans le contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms.

Voir aussi

Partager via

Procédure pas à pas : implémentation du mode virtuel dans le contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms

Création du formulaire

Pour implémenter le mode virtuel

Test de l'application

Pour tester le formulaire

Étapes suivantes

Voir aussi

Tâches

Référence

Concepts

Autres ressources

Ressources supplémentaires