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How to: Define a Profile to Extend UML

  • Article

In Visual Studio Ultimate, you can define a UML profile to customize the standard model elements for specific purposes. A profile defines one or more UML stereotypes. A stereotype can be used to mark a type as representing a particular kind of object. A stereotype can also extend an element's list of properties.

Several profiles are installed with Visual Studio Ultimate. For more information about those profiles and about how to apply stereotypes, see Customizing Your Model with Profiles and Stereotypes.

You can define your own profiles to adapt and extend UML to your own business area or architecture. For example:

  • If you frequently define Web sites, you could define your own profile that provides a «WebPage» stereotype that can be applied to classes in class diagrams. You could then use class diagrams to plan a Web site. Every «WebPage» class would have extra properties for page content, style, and so on.

  • If you develop banking software, you could define a profile that provides an «Account» stereotype. You could then use class diagrams to define different types of account and show the relationships between them.

You can distribute your own profiles to your team. Each team member can install your profile. This enables them to edit and create models that use its stereotypes.

Note

If you apply the stereotypes of a profile in a model that you are editing, and then share the model with other people, they should install the same profile on their own computers. Otherwise, they will not be able to see the stereotypes that you have used.

A profile is often part of a larger Visual Studio extension. For example, you could define a command that translates some parts of a model to code. You could define a profile that users must apply to packages that they want to translate. You would distribute your new command together with the profile in a single Visual Studio extension.

You can also define localized variants of a profile. Users loading your extension see the variant that is appropriate to their own culture.

How to Define a Profile

To define a UML Profile

  1. Create a new XML file with the file name extension .profile.

  2. Add stereotype definitions according to the guidelines described in The Structure of a Profile.

  3. Add the profile to a Visual Studio Extension (.vsix file). You can either create a new extension for your profile, or add the profile to an existing extension.

    See the next section, How to Add a Profile to a Visual Studio Extension.

  4. Install the extension on your computer.

    1. Double-click the extension file, which has a file name extension .vsix.

    2. Restart Visual Studio.

  5. Verify that the profile has been installed.

    1. Select the model in UML Explorer.

    2. In the Properties window, click the Profiles property. Your profile will appear in the menu. Set the check mark next to the profile.

    3. Select an element for which your profile defines stereotypes. In the Properties window, click the Stereotypes property. Your stereotypes will appear in the list. Set the check mark against one of the stereotypes.

    4. If your profile defines additional properties for this stereotype, expand the stereotype property to see them.

  6. Send the extension file to other users of Visual Studio to install on their computers.

How to Add a Profile to a Visual Studio Extension

To install a profile, and to allow you to send it to other users, you must add the profile to a Visual Studio extension. For more information, see Deploying Visual Studio Extensions.

To define a profile in a new Visual Studio Extension

  1. Create a Visual Studio Extension project.

    Note

    You must have installed Visual Studio SDK to use this procedure.

    1. On the File menu, point to New, and then click Project.

    2. In the New Project dialog box, under Installed Templates, expand Visual C#, click Extensibility, and then click VSIX project. Set the project name and click OK.

  2. Add your profile to the project.

    • In Solution Explorer, right-click the project, point to Add, and then click Existing Item. In the dialog box, locate your profile file.

  3. Set the profile file's Copy to Output property.

    1. In Solution Explorer, right-click the profile file, and then click Properties.

    2. In the Properties window, set the Copy to Output Directory property to Copy Always.

  4. In Solution Explorer, open source.extension.vsixmanifest.

    The file opens in the extension manifest editor.

  5. On the Assets page, add a row describing the profile:

    • Click New. Set the fields in the Add New Asset dialog as follows.

    • Set Type to Microsoft.VisualStudio.UmlProfile

      This is not one of the drop-down choices. Enter this name from the keyboard.

    • Click File on filesystem and select the name of your profile file, for example MyProfile.profile

  6. Build the project.

  7. To debug the profile, press F5.

    An experimental instance of Visual Studio opens. In this instance, open a modeling project. In UML Explorer, select the root element of the model, and in the Properties window, select your profile. Then select elements inside the model and set stereotypes that you have defined for them.

  8. To extract the VSIX for deployment

    1. In Windows Explorer, open the folder .\bin\Debug or .\bin\Release to find the .vsix file. This is a Visual Studio Extension file. It can be installed on your computer and sent to other Visual Studio users.

    2. To install the extension:

      1. Double-click the .vsix file. The Visual Studio Extension Installer will start.

      2. Restart any instances of Visual Studio that are running.

The following alternative procedure can be used for small extensions if you have not installed Visual Studio SDK.

To define a profile extension without using Visual Studio SDK

  1. Create a Windows directory that contains the following three files:

    • YourProfile.profile

    • extension.vsixmanifest

    • [Content_Types].xml - type this name as shown here, with the square brackets

  2. Edit [Content_Types].xml to contain the following text. Notice that it contains an entry for each file name extension.

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Types xmlns="https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/content-types">
  <Default Extension="profile" ContentType="application/octet-stream" />
  <Default Extension="vsixmanifest" ContentType="text/xml" />
</Types>

  3. Copy an existing extension.vsixmanifest and edit it with an XML editor. Alter the ID, Name, and Content nodes.

    • You can find an example of extension.vsixmanifest in this directory:

      drive**:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\Common7\IDE\Extensions\Microsoft\Architecture Tools\UmlProfiles**

    • The Content node should be like this:

      <Content>
  <CustomExtension Type="Microsoft.VisualStudio.UmlProfile"
  >YourProfile.Profile</CustomExtension>
</Content>

  4. Compress the three files into a zipped file.

    In Windows Explorer, select the three files, right-click, point to Send To, and then click Compressed (zipped) folder.

  5. Rename the zipped file, and change its file name extension from .zip to .vsix.

  6. To install the profile on any computer with appropriate editions of Visual Studio, double-click the .vsix file.

To install a UML Profile from a Visual Studio Extension

  1. Double-click the .vsix file in Windows Explorer, or open it within Visual Studio.

  2. Click Install in the dialog box that appears.

  3. To uninstall or temporarily disable the extension, open Extension Manager from the Tools menu.

How to Define Localized Profiles

You can define different profiles for different cultures or languages, and package them all into the same extension. When a user loads your extension, they will see the profile that you have defined for their culture.

You must always provide a default profile. If you have not defined a profile for the user's culture, they will see the default profile.

To define a localized profile

  1. Create a profile as described in the previous sections How to Define a Profile and How to Add a Profile to a Visual Studio Extension. This is the default profile, and will be used in any installation for which you do not provide a localized profile.

  2. Add a new directory in the same directory as your default profile file.

    Note

    If you are building the extension by using a Visual Studio Extension project, use Solution Explorer to add a new folder to the project.

  3. Change the new directory's name to the ISO short code for the localized culture, such as bg for Bulgarian, or fr for French. You should use a neutral culture code, typically two letters, not a specific culture such as fr-CA. For more information about culture codes, see CultureInfo.GetCultures method, which provides a complete list of culture codes.

  4. Add a copy of your default profile to the new directory. Do not change its file name.

    A sample Visual Studio Extension folder, before it is built or compressed into a .vsix file, would contain the following folders and files:

    extension.vsixmanifest

    MyProfile.profile

    fr\MyProfile.profile

    de\MyProfile.profile

    Note

    You should not insert into extension.vsixmanifest a reference to the localized versions of the profiles. The copied profile files must have the same name as the profile in the parent folder.

  5. Edit the new copy of the profile, translating to the target language all the parts that will be visible to the user, such as the displayName attributes.

  6. You can create additional culture folders and localized profiles for as many cultures as you want.

  7. Build the Visual Studio extension, either by building the Extension Project or compressing all the files, as described in the previous sections.

The Structure of a Profile

The XSD file for UML profiles can be found in the following sample: Setting Stereotypes and Profiles XSD. To help you edit profile files, install the .xsd file in:

%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\Xml\Schemas

This section uses the C# profile as an example. The complete profile definition can be seen in:

drive**:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\Common7\IDE\Extensions\Microsoft\Architecture Tools\UmlProfiles\CSharp.profile**

The first parts of this path might differ in your installation.

For more information about the .NET profile, see Standard Stereotypes for UML Models.

Main sections of the UML Profile definition

Every profile contains the following content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<profile dslVersion="1.0.0.0" 
       name="CSharpProfile" displayName="C# Profile" 
       xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/UML2.1.2/ProfileDefinition">
  <stereotypes>...</stereotypes>
  <metaclasses>...</metaclasses>
  <propertyTypes>...</propertyTypes>
</profile>

Note

The attribute called name must not contain spaces or punctuation. The attribute displayName, which appears in the user interface, should be a valid XML string.

Every profile contains three main sections. In reverse order, they are as follows:

  • <propertyTypes> - a list of types that are used for properties defined in the stereotypes section.

  • <metaclasses> - a list of model element types to which the stereotypes in this profile apply, such as IClass, IInterface, IOperation, IDependency.

  • <stereotypes> - the stereotype definitions. Each definition includes the names and types of properties that are added to the target model element.

Property Types

The <propertyTypes> section declares a list of types that are used for properties in the <stereotypes> section. There are two kinds of property types: external and enumeration.

An external type declares the fully qualified name of a standard .NET type:

<externalType name="System.String" />

An enumeration type defines a set of literal values:

    <enumerationType name="PackageVisibility">
      <enumerationLiterals>
        <enumerationLiteral name="internal" displayName="internal"  />
        <enumerationLiteral name="protectedinternal" displayName="protected internal" />
      </enumerationLiterals>
    </enumerationType>

Metaclasses

The <metaclasses> section is a list of model element types to which stereotypes in this profile can be defined:

<metaclass 
      name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Classes.IClass" />
<metaclass
      name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Classes.IInterface" />
<metaclass
      name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Components.IComponent" />

For the full list of model element and relationship types that you can use as metaclasses, see Model Element Types.

Stereotype definition

The <stereotypes> section contains one or more stereotype definitions:

    <stereotype name="CSharpClass" displayName="C# Class"> ...

Each stereotype lists one or more model element or relationship types to which it can be applied. You can give the name of a base type, to include all its derived types. For example, if you specify Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Classes.IType, the stereotype can be applied to IClass, IInterface, IEnumeration, and several other types of element.

      <metaclasses>
        <metaclassMoniker name=
         "/CSharpProfile/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Classes.IClass" />
      </metaclasses>

The name attribute of metaclassMoniker is a link to an element in the <metaClasses> section.

Note

The moniker name must begin with /yourProfileName/, where yourProfileName is defined in the name attribute of the profile ("CSharpProfile" in this example). The moniker ends with the name of one of the entries in the metaclasses section.

Each stereotype can list zero or more properties that it adds to any model element to which it is applied. The <propertyType> contains a link to one of the types that are defined in the <propertyTypes> section. The link must be either an <externalTypeMoniker> to refer to an <externalType>, or an <enumerationTypeMoniker> to refer to an <enumerationType>. Again, the link begins with the name of your profile.

      <properties>
        <property name="IsStatic" 
                displayName="Is Static" defaultValue="false">
          <propertyType>
    <externalTypeMoniker 
                   name="/CSharpProfile/System.Boolean" />
          </propertyType>
        </property>
        <property name="PackageVisibility" 
                  displayName="Package Visibility"
                  defaultValue="internal">
          <propertyType>
            <enumerationTypeMoniker 
                  name="/CSharpProfile/PackageVisibility"/>
          </propertyType>
        </property>
      </properties>
    </stereotype>

Model Element Types

The set of types for which you can define stereotypes is listed in Model Element Types.

Troubleshooting

  • My stereotypes do not appear my UML models.
    You have to select your profile in a package or model. The stereotypes will then appear on elements inside the package or model. For more information, see How to: Add Stereotypes to Model Elements.

  • The following error appears when I open a UML model: VS1707: The following profiles cannot be loaded because a serialization error occurred: MyProfile.profile

    1. Verify that the basic XML syntax of the .profile is correct.

    2. Ensure that each Moniker name is in the form /profileName/nodeName. The profileName is the value of the name attribute in the root profile node. The nodeName is the value of the name attribute of a metaclass, externalType, or enumerationType.

    3. Ensure the syntax is as described here, and as demonstrated in drive**:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\Common7\IDE\Extensions\Microsoft\Architecture Tools\UmlProfiles\**.

    4. Uninstall the faulty extension. On the Tools menu, click Extension Manager.

      • If the extension does not appear, see the next item.

    5. Rebuild the VSIX file and open it in Windows Explorer to re-install it. Restart Visual Studio.

  • The extension does not appear in Extension Manager, but when you try to re-install it, the following message appears: The extension is already installed to all applicable products.

    1. Remove the extension file from a subfolder of LocalAppData\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0\Extensions\

      • To see LocalAppData, you must set Show Hidden Files and Folders in the View tab of the Windows Explorer Folder Options.

      • LocalAppData is typically in C:\Users\userName\AppData\Local\

    2. Restart Visual Studio.

See Also

Tasks

How to: Add Stereotypes to Model Elements

Concepts

Standard Stereotypes for UML Models

Other Resources

Customizing Your Model with Profiles and Stereotypes

Sample: Color UML Elements by Stereotype

Sample: Setting Stereotypes, Profiles XSD