Understanding Build Configurations

You can store different configurations of solution and project properties to use in different kinds of builds. To create, select, modify, or delete a configuration, you can use the Configuration Manager. To open it, on the menu bar, choose Build, Configuration Manager, or just type Configuration in the Quick Launch box. You can also use the Solution Configurations list on the Standard toolbar to select a configuration or open the Configuration Manager.

By default, Debug and Release configurations are included in projects that are created by using Visual Studio templates. A Debug configuration supports the debugging of an app, and a Release configuration builds a version of the app that can be deployed. For more information, see How to: Set Debug and Release Configurations. You can also create custom solution configurations and project configurations. For more information, see How to: Create and Edit Configurations.

Solution Configurations

A solution configuration specifies how projects in the solution are to be built and deployed. To modify a solution configuration or define a new one, in the Configuration Manager, under Active solution configuration, choose Edit or New.

Each entry in the Project contexts box in a solution configuration represents a project in the solution. For every combination of Active solution configuration and Active solution platform, you can set how each project is used. (For more information about solution platforms, see Understanding Build Platforms.)

The active solution configuration also provides context to the IDE. For example, if you're working on a project and the configuration specifies that it will be built for a mobile device, the Toolbox displays only items that can be used in a mobile device project.

Project Configurations

The configuration and platform that a project targets are used together to specify the properties to use when it's built. A project can have a different set of property definitions for each combination of configuration and platform. To modify the properties of a project, you can use its Property Pages. (In Solution Explorer, open the shortcut menu for the project and then choose Properties.)

For each project configuration, you can define configuration-dependent properties as needed. For example, for a particular build, you can set which project items will be included, and what output files will be created, where they will be put, and how they will be optimized.

Project configurations can differ considerably. For example, the properties of one configuration might specify that its output file be optimized to occupy the minimum space, while another configuration might specify that its executable runs at the maximum speed.

Project configurations are stored by solution—not by user—so that they can be shared by a team.

Although project dependencies are configuration-independent, only the projects that are specified in the active solution configuration will be built.

How Visual Studio Assigns Project Configurations

When you define a new solution configuration and don't copy settings from an existing one, Visual Studio uses the following criteria to assign default project configurations. The criteria are evaluated in the order shown.

1. If a project has a configuration name (<configuration name> <platform name>) that exactly matches the name of the new solution configuration, that configuration is assigned. Configuration names are not case-sensitive.

2. If the project has a configuration name in which the configuration-name part matches the new solution configuration, that configuration is assigned, whether the platform portion matches or not.

3. If there is still no match, the first configuration that's listed in the project is assigned.

How Visual Studio Assigns Solution Configurations

When you create a project configuration (in the Configuration Manager, by choosing New on the drop-down menu in the Configuration column for that project) and select the Create new solution configurations check box, Visual Studio looks for a like-named solution configuration to build the project on each platform it supports. In some cases, Visual Studio renames existing solution configurations or defines new ones.

Visual Studio uses the following criteria to assign solution configurations.

• If a project configuration doesn't specify a platform or specifies just one platform, then a solution configuration whose name matches that of the new project configuration is either found or added. The default name of this solution configuration does not include a platform name; it takes the form <project configuration name>.

• If a project supports multiple platforms, a solution configuration is either found or added for each supported platform. The name of each solution configuration includes both the project configuration name and the platform name, and has the form <project configuration name> <platform name>.

See Also

Walkthrough: Building an Application Compiling and Building Solutions and Projects C/C++ Building Reference Devenv Command Line Switches