CFrameWnd Class

Article
06/05/2017

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Provides the functionality of a Windows single document interface (SDI) overlapped or pop-up frame window, along with members for managing the window.

Syntax

class CFrameWnd : public CWnd

Members

Public Constructors

Name	Description
CFrameWnd::CFrameWnd	Constructs a `CFrameWnd` object.

Public Methods

Name	Description
CFrameWnd::ActivateFrame	Makes the frame visible and available to the user.
CFrameWnd::BeginModalState	Sets the frame window to modal.
CFrameWnd::Create	Call to create and initialize the Windows frame window associated with the `CFrameWnd` object.
CFrameWnd::CreateView	Creates a view within a frame that is not derived from `CView`.
CFrameWnd::DockControlBar	Docks a control bar.
CFrameWnd::EnableDocking	Allows a control bar to be docked.
CFrameWnd::EndModalState	Ends the frame window's modal state. Enables all of the windows disabled by `BeginModalState`.
CFrameWnd::FloatControlBar	Floats a control bar.
CFrameWnd::GetActiveDocument	Returns the active CDocument object.
CFrameWnd::GetActiveFrame	Returns the active `CFrameWnd` object.
CFrameWnd::GetActiveView	Returns the active `CView` object.
CFrameWnd::GetControlBar	Retrieves the control bar.
CFrameWnd::GetDockState	Retrieves the dock state of a frame window.
CFrameWnd::GetMenuBarState	Retrieves the display state of the menu in the current MFC application.
CFrameWnd::GetMenuBarVisibility	Indicates whether the default behavior of the menu in the current MFC application is either hidden or visible.
CFrameWnd::GetMessageBar	Returns a pointer to the status bar belonging to the frame window.
CFrameWnd::GetMessageString	Retrieves message corresponding to a command ID.
CFrameWnd::GetTitle	Retrieves the title of the related control bar.
CFrameWnd::InitialUpdateFrame	Causes the `OnInitialUpdate` member function belonging to all views in the frame window to be called.
CFrameWnd::InModalState	Returns a value indicating whether or not a frame window is in a modal state.
CFrameWnd::IsTracking	Determines if splitter bar is currently being moved.
CFrameWnd::LoadAccelTable	Call to load an accelerator table.
CFrameWnd::LoadBarState	Call to restore control bar settings.
CFrameWnd::LoadFrame	Call to dynamically create a frame window from resource information.
CFrameWnd::NegotiateBorderSpace	Negotiates border space in the frame window.
CFrameWnd::OnBarCheck	Called whenever an action is performed on the specified control bar.
CFrameWnd::OnContextHelp	Handles SHIFT+F1 Help for in-place items.
CFrameWnd::OnSetPreviewMode	Sets the application's main frame window into and out of print-preview mode.
CFrameWnd::OnUpdateControlBarMenu	Called by the framework when the associated menu is updated.
CFrameWnd::RecalcLayout	Repositions the control bars of the `CFrameWnd` object.
CFrameWnd::SaveBarState	Call to save control bar settings.
CFrameWnd::SetActivePreviewView	Designates the specified view to be the active view for Rich Preview.
CFrameWnd::SetActiveView	Sets the active `CView` object.
CFrameWnd::SetDockState	Call to dock the frame window in the main window.
CFrameWnd::SetMenuBarState	Sets the display state of the menu in the current MFC application to hidden or displayed.
CFrameWnd::SetMenuBarVisibility	Sets the default behavior of the menu in the current MFC application to be either hidden or visible.
CFrameWnd::SetMessageText	Sets the text of a standard status bar.
CFrameWnd::SetProgressBarPosition	Sets current position for Windows 7 progress bar displayed on taskbar.
CFrameWnd::SetProgressBarRange	Sets range for Windows 7 progress bar displayed on taskbar.
CFrameWnd::SetProgressBarState	Sets the type and state of the progress indicator displayed on a taskbar button.
CFrameWnd::SetTaskbarOverlayIcon	Overloaded. Applies an overlay to a taskbar button to indicate application status or a notification to the user.
CFrameWnd::SetTitle	Sets the title of the related control bar.
CFrameWnd::ShowControlBar	Call to show the control bar.
CFrameWnd::ShowOwnedWindows	Shows all windows that are descendants of the `CFrameWnd` object.

Protected Methods

Name	Description
CFrameWnd::OnCreateClient	Creates a client window for the frame.
CFrameWnd::OnHideMenuBar	Called before the menu in the current MFC application is hidden.
CFrameWnd::OnShowMenuBar	Called before the menu in the current MFC application is displayed.

Public Data Members

Name	Description
CFrameWnd::m_bAutoMenuEnable	Controls automatic enable and disable functionality for menu items.
CFrameWnd::rectDefault	Pass this static `CRect` as a parameter when creating a `CFrameWnd` object to allow Windows to choose the window's initial size and position.

Remarks

To create a useful frame window for your application, derive a class from CFrameWnd. Add member variables to the derived class to store data specific to your application. Implement message-handler member functions and a message map in the derived class to specify what happens when messages are directed to the window.

There are three ways to construct a frame window:

Directly construct it using Create.
Directly construct it using LoadFrame.
Indirectly construct it using a document template.

Before you call either Create or LoadFrame, you must construct the frame-window object on the heap using the C++ new operator. Before calling Create, you can also register a window class with the AfxRegisterWndClass global function to set the icon and class styles for the frame.

Use the Create member function to pass the frame's creation parameters as immediate arguments.

LoadFrame requires fewer arguments than Create, and instead retrieves most of its default values from resources, including the frame's caption, icon, accelerator table, and menu. To be accessible by LoadFrame, all these resources must have the same resource ID (for example, IDR_MAINFRAME).

When a CFrameWnd object contains views and documents, they are created indirectly by the framework instead of directly by the programmer. The CDocTemplate object orchestrates the creation of the frame, the creation of the containing views, and the connection of the views to the appropriate document. The parameters of the CDocTemplate constructor specify the CRuntimeClass of the three classes involved (document, frame, and view). A CRuntimeClass object is used by the framework to dynamically create new frames when specified by the user (for example, by using the File New command or the multiple document interface (MDI) Window New command).

A frame-window class derived from CFrameWnd must be declared with DECLARE_DYNCREATE in order for the above RUNTIME_CLASS mechanism to work correctly.

A CFrameWnd contains default implementations to perform the following functions of a main window in a typical application for Windows:

A CFrameWnd frame window keeps track of a currently active view that is independent of the Windows active window or the current input focus. When the frame is reactivated, the active view is notified by calling CView::OnActivateView.
Command messages and many common frame-notification messages, including those handled by the OnSetFocus, OnHScroll, and OnVScroll functions of CWnd, are delegated by a CFrameWnd frame window to the currently active view.
The currently active view (or currently active MDI child frame window in the case of an MDI frame) can determine the caption of the frame window. This feature can be disabled by turning off the FWS_ADDTOTITLE style bit of the frame window.
A CFrameWnd frame window manages the positioning of the control bars, views, and other child windows inside the frame window's client area. A frame window also does idle-time updating of toolbar and other control-bar buttons. A CFrameWnd frame window also has default implementations of commands for toggling on and off the toolbar and status bar.
A CFrameWnd frame window manages the main menu bar. When a pop-up menu is displayed, the frame window uses the UPDATE_COMMAND_UI mechanism to determine which menu items should be enabled, disabled, or checked. When the user selects a menu item, the frame window updates the status bar with the message string for that command.
A CFrameWnd frame window has an optional accelerator table that automatically translates keyboard accelerators.
A CFrameWnd frame window has an optional help ID set with LoadFrame that is used for context-sensitive help. A frame window is the main orchestrator of semimodal states such as context-sensitive help (SHIFT+F1) and print-preview modes.
A CFrameWnd frame window will open a file dragged from the File Manager and dropped on the frame window. If a file extension is registered and associated with the application, the frame window responds to the dynamic data exchange (DDE) open request that occurs when the user opens a data file in the File Manager or when the ShellExecute Windows function is called.
If the frame window is the main application window (that is, CWinThread::m_pMainWnd), when the user closes the application, the frame window prompts the user to save any modified documents (for OnClose and OnQueryEndSession).
If the frame window is the main application window, the frame window is the context for running WinHelp. Closing the frame window will shut down WINHELP.EXE if it was launched for help for this application.

Do not use the C++ delete operator to destroy a frame window. Use CWnd::DestroyWindow instead. The CFrameWnd implementation of PostNcDestroy will delete the C++ object when the window is destroyed. When the user closes the frame window, the default OnClose handler will call DestroyWindow.

For more information on CFrameWnd, see Frame Windows.

Inheritance Hierarchy

CObject

CCmdTarget

CWnd

CFrameWnd

Requirements

Header: afxwin.h

CFrameWnd::ActivateFrame

Call this member function to activate and restore the frame window so that it is visible and available to the user.

virtual void ActivateFrame(int nCmdShow = -1);

Parameters

nCmdShow
Specifies the parameter to pass to CWnd::ShowWindow. By default, the frame is shown and correctly restored.

Remarks

This member function is usually called after a non-user interface event such as a DDE, OLE, or other event that may show the frame window or its contents to the user.

The default implementation activates the frame and brings it to the top of the Z-order and, if necessary, carries out the same steps for the application's main frame window.

Override this member function to change how a frame is activated. For example, you can force MDI child windows to be maximized. Add the appropriate functionality, then call the base class version with an explicit nCmdShow.

Example

void CChildFrame::ActivateFrame(int nCmdShow)
{
   // Create the child frame window maximized
   nCmdShow = SW_MAXIMIZE;

   CMDIChildWnd::ActivateFrame(nCmdShow);
}

CFrameWnd::BeginModalState

Call this member function to make a frame window modal.

virtual void BeginModalState();

CFrameWnd::CFrameWnd

Constructs a CFrameWnd object, but does not create the visible frame window.

CFrameWnd();

Remarks

Call Create to create the visible window.

CFrameWnd::Create

Call to create and initialize the Windows frame window associated with the CFrameWnd object.

virtual BOOL Create(
    LPCTSTR lpszClassName,  
    LPCTSTR lpszWindowName,  
    DWORD dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,  
    const RECT& rect = rectDefault,  
    CWnd* pParentWnd = NULL,  
    LPCTSTR lpszMenuName = NULL,  
    DWORD dwExStyle = 0,  
    CCreateContext* pContext = NULL);

Parameters

lpszClassName
Points to a null-terminated character string that names the Windows class. The class name can be any name registered with the AfxRegisterWndClass global function or the RegisterClass Windows function. If NULL, uses the predefined default CFrameWnd attributes.

lpszWindowName
Points to a null-terminated character string that represents the window name. Used as text for the title bar.

dwStyle
Specifies the window style attributes. Include the FWS_ADDTOTITLE style if you want the title bar to automatically display the name of the document represented in the window.

rect
Specifies the size and position of the window. The rectDefault value allows Windows to specify the size and position of the new window.

pParentWnd
Specifies the parent window of this frame window. This parameter should be NULL for top-level frame windows.

lpszMenuName
Identifies the name of the menu resource to be used with the window. Use MAKEINTRESOURCE if the menu has an integer ID instead of a string. This parameter can be NULL.

dwExStyle
Specifies the window extended style attributes.

pContext
Specifies a pointer to a CCreateContext structure. This parameter can be NULL.

Return Value

Nonzero if initialization is successful; otherwise 0.

Remarks

Construct a CFrameWnd object in two steps. First, invoke the constructor, which constructs the CFrameWnd object, and then call Create, which creates the Windows frame window and attaches it to the CFrameWnd object. Create initializes the window's class name and window name and registers default values for its style, parent, and associated menu.

Use LoadFrame rather than Create to load the frame window from a resource instead of specifying its arguments.

CFrameWnd::CreateView

Call CreateView to create a view within a frame.

CWnd* CreateView(
    CCreateContext* pContext,  
    UINT nID = AFX_IDW_PANE_FIRST);

Parameters

pContext
Specifies the type of view and document.

nID
The ID number of a view.

Return Value

Pointer to a CWnd object if successful; otherwise NULL.

Remarks

Use this member function to create "views" that are not CView-derived within a frame. After calling CreateView, you must manually set the view to active and set it to be visible; these tasks are not automatically performed by CreateView.

CFrameWnd::DockControlBar

Causes a control bar to be docked to the frame window.

void DockControlBar(
    CControlBar* pBar,  
    UINT nDockBarID = 0,  
    LPCRECT lpRect = NULL);

Parameters

pBar
Points to the control bar to be docked.

nDockBarID
Determines which sides of the frame window to consider for docking. It can be 0, or one or more of the following:

AFX_IDW_DOCKBAR_TOP Dock to the top side of the frame window.
AFX_IDW_DOCKBAR_BOTTOM Dock to the bottom side of the frame window.
AFX_IDW_DOCKBAR_LEFT Dock to the left side of the frame window.
AFX_IDW_DOCKBAR_RIGHT Dock to the right side of the frame window.

If 0, the control bar can be docked to any side enabled for docking in the destination frame window.

lpRect
Determines, in screen coordinates, where the control bar will be docked in the nonclient area of the destination frame window.

Remarks

The control bar will be docked to one of the sides of the frame window specified in the calls to both CControlBar::EnableDocking and CFrameWnd::EnableDocking. The side chosen is determined by nDockBarID.

CFrameWnd::EnableDocking

Call this function to enable dockable control bars in a frame window.

void EnableDocking(DWORD dwDockStyle);

Parameters

dwDockStyle
Specifies which sides of the frame window can serve as docking sites for control bars. It can be one or more of the following:

CBRS_ALIGN_TOP Allows docking at the top of the client area.
CBRS_ALIGN_BOTTOM Allows docking at the bottom of the client area.
CBRS_ALIGN_LEFT Allows docking on the left side of the client area.
CBRS_ALIGN_RIGHT Allows docking on the right side of the client area.
CBRS_ALIGN_ANY Allows docking on any side of the client area.

Remarks

By default, control bars will be docked to a side of the frame window in the following order: top, bottom, left, right.

Example

See the example for CToolBar::Create.

CFrameWnd::EndModalState

Call this member function to change a frame window from modal to modeless.

virtual void EndModalState();

Remarks

EndModalState enables all of the windows disabled by BeginModalState.

CFrameWnd::FloatControlBar

Call this function to cause a control bar to not be docked to the frame window.

void FloatControlBar(
    CControlBar* pBar,  
    CPoint point,  
    DWORD dwStyle = CBRS_ALIGN_TOP);

Parameters

pBar
Points to the control bar to be floated.

point
The location, in screen coordinates, where the top left corner of the control bar will be placed.

dwStyle
Specifies whether to align the control bar horizontally or vertically within its new frame window. It can be any one of the following:

CBRS_ALIGN_TOP Orients the control bar vertically.
CBRS_ALIGN_BOTTOM Orients the control bar vertically.
CBRS_ALIGN_LEFT Orients the control bar horizontally.
CBRS_ALIGN_RIGHT Orients the control bar horizontally.

If styles are passed specifying both horizontal and vertical orientation, the toolbar will be oriented horizontally.

Remarks

Typically, this is done at application startup when the program is restoring settings from the previous execution.

This function is called by the framework when the user causes a drop operation by releasing the left mouse button while dragging the control bar over a location that is not available for docking.

CFrameWnd::GetActiveDocument

Call this member function to obtain a pointer to the current CDocument attached to the current active view.

virtual CDocument* GetActiveDocument();

Return Value

A pointer to the current CDocument. If there is no current document, returns NULL.

CFrameWnd::GetActiveFrame

Call this member function to obtain a pointer to the active multiple document interface (MDI) child window of an MDI frame window.

virtual CFrameWnd* GetActiveFrame();

Return Value

A pointer to the active MDI child window. If the application is an SDI application, or the MDI frame window has no active document, the implicit this pointer will be returned.

Remarks

If there is no active MDI child or the application is a single document interface (SDI), the implicit this pointer is returned.

CFrameWnd::GetActiveView

Call this member function to obtain a pointer to the active view (if any) attached to a frame window ( CFrameWnd).

CView* GetActiveView() const;

Return Value

A pointer to the current CView. If there is no current view, returns NULL.

Remarks

This function returns NULL when called for an MDI main frame window ( CMDIFrameWnd). In an MDI application, the MDI main frame window does not have a view associated with it. Instead, each individual child window ( CMDIChildWnd) has one or more associated views. The active view in an MDI application can be obtained by first finding the active MDI child window and then finding the active view for that child window. The active MDI child window can be found by calling the function MDIGetActive or GetActiveFrame as demonstrated in the following:

   CMDIFrameWnd *pFrame = (CMDIFrameWnd*)AfxGetApp()->GetMainWnd();

   // Get the active MDI child window.
   CMDIChildWnd *pChild = (CMDIChildWnd*)pFrame->GetActiveFrame();

   // or CMDIChildWnd *pChild = pFrame->MDIGetActive();

   // Get the active view attached to the active MDI child window.
   CMyView *pView = (CMyView*)pChild->GetActiveView();

CFrameWnd::GetControlBar

Call GetControlBar to gain access to the control bar that is associated with the ID.

CControlBar* GetControlBar(UINT nID);

Parameters

nID
The ID number of a control bar.

Return Value

A pointer to the control bar that is associated with the ID.

Remarks

The nID parameter refers to the unique identifier passed to the Create method of the control bar. For more information on control bars, refer to the topic entitled Control Bars.

GetControlBar will return the control bar even if it is floating and thus is not currently a child window of the frame.

CFrameWnd::GetDockState

Call this member function to store state information about the frame window's control bars in a CDockState object.

void GetDockState(CDockState& state) const;

Parameters

state
Contains the current state of the frame window's control bars upon return.

Remarks

You can then write the contents of CDockState to storage using CDockState::SaveState or Serialize. If you later want to restore the control bars to a previous state, load the state with CDockState::LoadState or Serialize, then call SetDockState to apply the previous state to the frame window's control bars.

CFrameWnd::GetMenuBarState

Retrieves the display state of the menu in the current MFC application.

virtual DWORD GetMenuBarState();

Return Value

The return value can have the following values:

AFX_MBS_VISIBLE (0x01) – The menu is visible.
AFX_MBS_HIDDEN (0x02) – The menu is hidden.

Remarks

If a runtime error occurs, this method asserts in Debug mode and raises an exception derived from the CException class.

CFrameWnd::GetMenuBarVisibility

Indicates whether the default state of the menu in the current MFC application is hidden or visible.

virtual DWORD CFrameWnd::GetMenuBarVisibility();

Return Value

This method returns one of the following values:

AFX_MBV_KEEPVISIBLE (0x01) - The menu is displayed at all times, and by default does not have the focus.
AFX_MBV_DISPLAYONFOCUS (0x02) - The menu is hidden by default. If the menu is hidden, press the ALT key to display the menu and give it the focus. If the menu is displayed, press the ALT or ESC key to hide it.
AFX_MBV_ DISPLAYONFOCUS (0x02) | AFX_MBV_DISPLAYONF10 (0x04) (bitwise combination (OR)) - The menu is hidden by default. If the menu is hidden, press the F10 key to display the menu and give it the focus. If the menu is displayed, press the F10 key to toggle the focus on or off the menu. The menu is displayed until you press the ALT or ESC key to hide it.

Remarks

If a runtime error occurs, this method asserts in Debug mode and raises an exception derived from the CException class.

CFrameWnd::GetMessageBar

Call this member function to get a pointer to the status bar.

virtual CWnd* GetMessageBar();

Return Value

Pointer to the status-bar window.

CFrameWnd::GetMessageString

Override this function to provide custom strings for command IDs.

virtual void GetMessageString(
    UINT nID,  
    CString& rMessage) const;

Parameters

nID
Resource ID of the desired message.

rMessage
CString object into which to place the message.

Remarks

The default implementation simply loads the string specified by nID from the resource file. This function is called by the framework when the message string in the status bar needs updating.

CFrameWnd::GetTitle

Retrieves the title of the window object.

CString GetTitle() const;

Return Value

A CString object containing the current title of the window object.

CFrameWnd::InitialUpdateFrame

Call IntitialUpdateFrame after creating a new frame with Create.

void InitialUpdateFrame(
    CDocument* pDoc,  
    BOOL bMakeVisible);

Parameters

pDoc
Points to the document to which the frame window is associated. Can be NULL.

bMakeVisible
If TRUE, indicates that the frame should become visible and active. If FALSE, no descendants are made visible.

Remarks

This causes all views in that frame window to receive their OnInitialUpdate calls.

Also, if there was not previously an active view, the primary view of the frame window is made active. The primary view is a view with a child ID of AFX_IDW_PANE_FIRST. Finally, the frame window is made visible if bMakeVisible is nonzero. If bMakeVisible is 0, the current focus and visible state of the frame window will remain unchanged. It is not necessary to call this function when using the framework's implementation of File New and File Open.

CFrameWnd::InModalState

Call this member function to check if a frame window is modal or modeless.

BOOL InModalState() const;

Return Value

Nonzero if yes; otherwise 0.

CFrameWnd::IsTracking

Call this member function to determine if the splitter bar in the window is currently being moved.

BOOL IsTracking() const;

Return Value

Nonzero if a splitter operation is in progress; otherwise 0.

CFrameWnd::LoadAccelTable

Call to load the specified accelerator table.

BOOL LoadAccelTable(LPCTSTR lpszResourceName);

Parameters

lpszResourceName
Identifies the name of the accelerator resource. Use MAKEINTRESOURCE if the resource is identified with an integer ID.

Return Value

Nonzero if the accelerator table was successfully loaded; otherwise 0.

Remarks

Only one table can be loaded at a time.

Accelerator tables loaded from resources are freed automatically when the application terminates.

If you call LoadFrame to create the frame window, the framework loads an accelerator table along with the menu and icon resources, and a subsequent call to this member function is then unnecessary.

CFrameWnd::LoadBarState

Call this function to restore the settings of each control bar owned by the frame window.

void LoadBarState(LPCTSTR lpszProfileName);

Parameters

lpszProfileName
Name of a section in the initialization (INI) file or a key in the Windows registry where state information is stored.

Remarks

Information restored includes visibility, horizontal/vertical orientation, docking state, and control-bar position.

The settings you want to restore must be written to the registry before you call LoadBarState. Write the information to the registry by calling CWinApp::SetRegistryKey. Write the information to the INI file by calling SaveBarState.

CFrameWnd::LoadFrame

Call to dynamically create a frame window from resource information.

virtual BOOL LoadFrame(
    UINT nIDResource,  
    DWORD dwDefaultStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | FWS_ADDTOTITLE,  
    CWnd* pParentWnd = NULL,  
    CCreateContext* pContext = NULL);

Parameters

nIDResource
The ID of shared resources associated with the frame window.

dwDefaultStyle
The frame's style. Include the FWS_ADDTOTITLE style if you want the title bar to automatically display the name of the document represented in the window.

pParentWnd
A pointer to the frame's parent.

pContext
A pointer to a CCreateContext structure. This parameter can be NULL.

Remarks

Construct a CFrameWnd object in two steps. First, invoke the constructor, which constructs the CFrameWnd object, and then call LoadFrame, which loads the Windows frame window and associated resources and attaches the frame window to the CFrameWnd object. The nIDResource parameter specifies the menu, the accelerator table, the icon, and the string resource of the title for the frame window.

Use the Create member function rather than LoadFrame when you want to specify all of the frame window's creation parameters.

The framework calls LoadFrame when it creates a frame window using a document template object.

The framework uses the pContext argument to specify the objects to be connected to the frame window, including any contained view objects. You can set the pContext argument to NULL when you call LoadFrame.

CFrameWnd::m_bAutoMenuEnable

When this data member is enabled (which is the default), menu items that do not have ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI or ON_COMMAND handlers will be automatically disabled when the user pulls down a menu.

BOOL m_bAutoMenuEnable;

Remarks

Menu items that have an ON_COMMAND handler but no ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI handler will be automatically enabled.

When this data member is set, menu items are automatically enabled in the same way that toolbar buttons are enabled.

Note

m_bAutoMenuEnable has no effect on top-level menu items.

This data member simplifies the implementation of optional commands based on the current selection and reduces the need to write ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI handlers for enabling and disabling menu items.

Example

CMainFrame::CMainFrame()
   : m_hDrawMenu(NULL)
   , m_hDrawAccel(NULL)
   , m_bCheck(false)
   , m_nWindowTimer(0)
   , m_nCallbackTimer(0)
{
   // Set to FALSE so no ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI 
   // or ON_COMMAND handlers are needed, and
   // CMenu::EnableMenuItem() will work as expected.
   m_bAutoMenuEnable = FALSE;
}

CFrameWnd::NegotiateBorderSpace

Call this member function to negotiate border space in a frame window during OLE inplace activation.

virtual BOOL NegotiateBorderSpace(
    UINT nBorderCmd,  
    LPRECT lpRectBorder);

Parameters

nBorderCmd
Contains one of the following values from the enum BorderCmd:

borderGet = 1
borderRequest = 2
borderSet = 3

lpRectBorder
Pointer to a RECT structure or a CRect object that specifies the coordinates of the border.

Return Value

Nonzero if successful; otherwise 0.

Remarks

This member function is the CFrameWnd implementation of OLE border space negotiation.

CFrameWnd::OnBarCheck

Called whenever an action is performed on the specified control bar.

afx_msg BOOL OnBarCheck(UINT nID);

Parameters

nID
The ID of the control bar being shown.

Return Value

Nonzero if the control bar existed; otherwise 0.

CFrameWnd::OnContextHelp

Handles SHIFT+F1 Help for in-place items.

afx_msg void OnContextHelp();

Remarks

To enable context-sensitive help, you must add an

   ON_COMMAND(ID_CONTEXT_HELP, &CMainFrame::OnContextHelp)

statement to your CFrameWnd class message map and also add an accelerator-table entry, typically SHIFT+F1, to enable this member function.

If your application is an OLE Container, OnContextHelp puts all in-place items contained within the frame window object into Help mode. The cursor changes to an arrow and a question mark, and the user can then move the mouse pointer and press the left mouse button to select a dialog box, window, menu, or command button. This member function calls the Windows function WinHelp with the Help context of the object under the cursor.

CFrameWnd::OnCreateClient

Called by the framework during the execution of OnCreate.

virtual BOOL OnCreateClient(
    LPCREATESTRUCT lpcs,  
    CCreateContext* pContext);

Parameters

lpcs
A pointer to a Windows CREATESTRUCT structure .

pContext
A pointer to a CCreateContext structure .

Return Value

Nonzero if successful; otherwise 0.

Remarks

Never call this function.

The default implementation of this function creates a CView object from the information provided in pContext, if possible.

Override this function to override values passed in the CCreateContext object or to change the way controls in the main client area of the frame window are created. The CCreateContext members you can override are described in the CCreateContext class.

Note

Do not replace values passed in the CREATESTRUCT structure. They are for informational use only. If you want to override the initial window rectangle, for example, override the CWnd member function PreCreateWindow.

CFrameWnd::OnHideMenuBar

This function is called when the system is about to hide the menu bar in the current MFC application.

virtual void OnHideMenuBar();

Remarks

This event handler enables your application to perform custom actions when the system is about to hide the menu. You cannot prevent the menu from being hidden, but you can, for example, call other methods to retrieve the menu style or state.

CFrameWnd::OnSetPreviewMode

Call this member function to set the application's main frame window into and out of print-preview mode.

virtual void OnSetPreviewMode(
    BOOL bPreview,  
    CPrintPreviewState* pState);

Parameters

bPreview
Specifies whether or not to place the application in print-preview mode. Set to TRUE to place in print preview, FALSE to cancel preview mode.

pState
A pointer to a CPrintPreviewState structure.

Remarks

The default implementation disables all standard toolbars and hides the main menu and the main client window. This turns MDI frame windows into temporary SDI frame windows.

Override this member function to customize the hiding and showing of control bars and other frame window parts during print preview. Call the base class implementation from within the overridden version.

CFrameWnd::OnShowMenuBar

This function is called when the system is about to display the menu bar in the current MFC application.

virtual void OnShowMenuBar();

Remarks

This event handler enables your application to perform custom actions when the menu is about to be displayed. You cannot prevent the menu from being displayed, but you can, for example, call other methods to retrieve the menu style or state.

CFrameWnd::OnUpdateControlBarMenu

Called by the framework when the associated menu is updated.

afx_msg void OnUpdateControlBarMenu(CCmdUI* pCmdUI);

Parameters

pCmdUI
A pointer to a CCmdUI object representing the menu that generated the update command. The update handler calls the Enable member function of the CCmdUI object through pCmdUI to update the user interface.

CFrameWnd::RecalcLayout

Called by the framework when the standard control bars are toggled on or off or when the frame window is resized.

virtual void RecalcLayout(BOOL bNotify = TRUE);

Parameters

bNotify
Determines whether the active in-place item for the frame window receives notification of the layout change. If TRUE, the item is notified; otherwise FALSE.

Remarks

The default implementation of this member function calls the CWnd member function RepositionBars to reposition all the control bars in the frame as well as in the main client window (usually a CView or MDICLIENT).

Override this member function to control the appearance and behavior of control bars after the layout of the frame window has changed. For example, call it when you turn control bars on or off or add another control bar.

CFrameWnd::rectDefault

Pass this static CRect as a parameter when creating a window to allow Windows to choose the window's initial size and position.

static AFX_DATA const CRect rectDefault;

CFrameWnd::SaveBarState

Call this function to store information about each control bar owned by the frame window.

void SaveBarState(LPCTSTR lpszProfileName) const;

Parameters

lpszProfileName
Name of a section in the initialization file or a key in the Windows registry where state information is stored.

Remarks

This information can be read from the initialization file using LoadBarState. Information stored includes visibility, horizontal/vertical orientation, docking state, and control bar position.

CFrameWnd::SetActivePreviewView

Designates the specified view to be the active view for Rich Preview.

void SetActivePreviewView(CView* pViewNew);

Parameters

pViewNew
A pointer to a view to be activated.

Remarks

CFrameWnd::SetActiveView

Call this member function to set the active view.

void SetActiveView(
    CView* pViewNew,  
    BOOL bNotify = TRUE);

Parameters

pViewNew
Specifies a pointer to a CView object, or NULL for no active view.

bNotify
Specifies whether the view is to be notified of activation. If TRUE, OnActivateView is called for the new view; if FALSE, it is not.

Remarks

The framework will call this function automatically as the user changes the focus to a view within the frame window. You can explicitly call SetActiveView to change the focus to the specified view.

CFrameWnd::SetDockState

Call this member function to apply state information stored in a CDockState object to the frame window's control bars.

void SetDockState(const CDockState& state);

Parameters

state
Apply the stored state to the frame window's control bars.

Remarks

To restore a previous state of the control bars, you can load the stored state with CDockState::LoadState or Serialize, then use SetDockState to apply it to the frame window's control bars. The previous state is stored in the CDockState object with GetDockState

CFrameWnd::SetMenuBarState

Sets the display state of the menu in the current MFC application to hidden or displayed.

virtual BOOL SetMenuBarState(DWORD nState);

Parameters

Parameter	Description
[in] `nState`	Specifies whether to display or hide the menu. The `nState` parameter can have the following values: - AFX_MBS_VISIBLE (0x01) – Displays the menu if it is hidden, but has no effect if it is visible. - AFX_MBS_HIDDEN (0x02) – Hides the menu if it is visible, but has no effect if it is hidden.

Return Value

true if this method successfully changes the menu state; otherwise, false.

Remarks

If a runtime error occurs, this method asserts in Debug mode and raises an exception derived from the CException class.

CFrameWnd::SetMenuBarVisibility

Sets the default behavior of the menu in the current MFC application to be either hidden or visible.

virtual void SetMenuBarVisibility(DWORD nStyle);

Parameters

Parameter Description

[in] nStyle Specifies whether the menu is by default hidden, or is visible and has the focus. The nStyle parameter can have the following values:

- AFX_MBV_KEEPVISIBLE (0x01) -
The menu is displayed at all times, and by default does not have the focus.
- AFX_MBV_DISPLAYONFOCUS (0x02) -
The menu is hidden by default. If the menu is hidden, press the ALT key to display the menu and give it the focus. If the menu is displayed, press the ALT or ESC key to hide menu.
- AFX_MBV_ DISPLAYONFOCUS (0x02) | AFX_MBV_DISPLAYONF10 (0x04)
(bitwise combination (OR)) - The menu is hidden by default. If the menu is hidden, press the F10 key to display the menu and give it the focus. If the menu is displayed, press the F10 key to toggle the focus on or off the menu. The menu is displayed until you press the ALT or ESC key to hide it.

Parameter	Description
[in] `nStyle`	Specifies whether the menu is by default hidden, or is visible and has the focus. The `nStyle` parameter can have the following values: - AFX_MBV_KEEPVISIBLE (0x01) - The menu is displayed at all times, and by default does not have the focus. - AFX_MBV_DISPLAYONFOCUS (0x02) - The menu is hidden by default. If the menu is hidden, press the ALT key to display the menu and give it the focus. If the menu is displayed, press the ALT or ESC key to hide menu. - AFX_MBV_ DISPLAYONFOCUS (0x02) \| AFX_MBV_DISPLAYONF10 (0x04) (bitwise combination (OR)) - The menu is hidden by default. If the menu is hidden, press the F10 key to display the menu and give it the focus. If the menu is displayed, press the F10 key to toggle the focus on or off the menu. The menu is displayed until you press the ALT or ESC key to hide it.

Remarks

If the value of the nStyle parameter is not valid, this method asserts in Debug mode and raises CInvalidArgException in Release mode. In case of other runtime errors, this method asserts in Debug mode and raises an exception derived from the CException class.

This method affects the state of menus in applications written for Windows Vista and later.

CFrameWnd::SetMessageText

Call this function to place a string in the status-bar pane that has an ID of 0.

void SetMessageText(LPCTSTR lpszText);  
void SetMessageText(UINT nID);
```  
  
### Parameters  
 `lpszText`  
 Points to the string to be placed on the status bar.  
  
 `nID`  
 String resource ID of the string to be placed on the status bar.  
  
### Remarks  
 This is typically the leftmost, and longest, pane of the status bar.  
  
##  <a name="cframewnd__setprogressbarposition"></a>  CFrameWnd::SetProgressBarPosition  
 Sets the current position for the Windows 7 progress bar displayed on the taskbar.

void SetProgressBarPosition(int nProgressPos);

  
### Parameters  
 `nProgressPos`  
 Specifies the position to set. It must be within the range set by `SetProgressBarRange`.  
  
### Remarks  
  
##  <a name="cframewnd__setprogressbarrange"></a>  CFrameWnd::SetProgressBarRange  
 Sets the range for the Windows 7 progress bar displayed on the taskbar.

void SetProgressBarRange( int nRangeMin,
int nRangeMax);

  
### Parameters  
 `nRangeMin`  
 Minimal value.  
  
 `nRangeMax`  
 Maximal value.  
  
### Remarks  
  
##  <a name="cframewnd__setprogressbarstate"></a>  CFrameWnd::SetProgressBarState  
 Sets the type and state of the progress indicator displayed on a taskbar button.

void SetProgressBarState(TBPFLAG tbpFlags);

  
### Parameters  
 `tbpFlags`  
 Flags that control the current state of the progress button. Specify only one of the following flags because all states are mutually exclusive: TBPF_NOPROGRESS, TBPF_INDETERMINATE, TBPF_NORMAL, TBPF_ERROR, TBPF_PAUSED.  
  
### Remarks  
  
##  <a name="cframewnd__settaskbaroverlayicon"></a>  CFrameWnd::SetTaskbarOverlayIcon  
 Overloaded. Applies an overlay to a taskbar button to indicate application status or to notify the user.

BOOL SetTaskbarOverlayIcon( UINT nIDResource,
LPCTSTR lpcszDescr);

BOOL SetTaskbarOverlayIcon( HICON hIcon,
LPCTSTR lpcszDescr);

  
### Parameters  
 `nIDResource`  
 Specifies the Resource ID of an icon to use as the overlay. See description for `hIcon` for details.  
  
 `lpcszDescr`  
 A pointer to a string that provides an alt text version of the information conveyed by the overlay, for accessibility purposes.  
  
 `hIcon`  
 The handle of an icon to use as the overlay. This should be a small icon, measuring 16x16 pixels at 96 dots per inch (dpi). If an overlay icon is already applied to the taskbar button, that existing overlay is replaced. This value can be `NULL`. How a `NULL` value is handled depends on whether the taskbar button represents a single window or a group of windows. It is the responsibility of the calling application to free `hIcon` when it is no longer needed.  
  
### Return Value  
 `TRUE` if successful; `FALSE` if OS version is less than Windows 7 or if an error occurs setting the icon.  
  
### Remarks  
  
##  <a name="cframewnd__settitle"></a>  CFrameWnd::SetTitle  
 Sets the title of the window object.

void SetTitle(LPCTSTR lpszTitle);

  
### Parameters  
 `lpszTitle`  
 A pointer to a character string containing the title of the window object.  
  
##  <a name="cframewnd__showcontrolbar"></a>  CFrameWnd::ShowControlBar  
 Call this member function to show or hide the control bar.

void ShowControlBar( CControlBar* pBar,
BOOL bShow,
BOOL bDelay);

  
### Parameters  
 `pBar`  
 Pointer to the control bar to be shown or hidden.  
  
 `bShow`  
 If **TRUE**, specifies that the control bar is to be shown. If **FALSE**, specifies that the control bar is to be hidden.  
  
 *bDelay*  
 If **TRUE**, delay showing the control bar. If **FALSE**, show the control bar immediately.  
  
##  <a name="cframewnd__showownedwindows"></a>  CFrameWnd::ShowOwnedWindows  
 Call this member function to show all windows that are descendants of the `CFrameWnd` object.

void ShowOwnedWindows(BOOL bShow);

  
### Parameters  
 `bShow`  
 Specifies whether the owned windows are to be shown or hidden.  
  
## See Also  
 [CWnd Class](../Topic/CWnd%20Class.md)   
 [Hierarchy Chart](../Topic/Hierarchy%20Chart.md)   
 [CWnd Class](../Topic/CWnd%20Class.md)   
 [CMDIFrameWnd Class](../Topic/CMDIFrameWnd%20Class.md)   
 [CMDIChildWnd Class](../Topic/CMDIChildWnd%20Class.md)   
 [CView Class](../Topic/CView%20Class.md)   
 [CDocTemplate Class](../Topic/CDocTemplate%20Class.md)   
 [CRuntimeClass Structure](../Topic/CRuntimeClass%20Structure.md)

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CFrameWnd Class

Syntax

Members

Public Constructors

Public Methods

Protected Methods

Public Data Members

Remarks

Inheritance Hierarchy

Requirements

CFrameWnd::ActivateFrame

Parameters

Remarks

Example

CFrameWnd::BeginModalState

CFrameWnd::CFrameWnd

Remarks

CFrameWnd::Create

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

CFrameWnd::CreateView

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

CFrameWnd::DockControlBar

Parameters

Remarks

CFrameWnd::EnableDocking

Parameters

Remarks

Example

CFrameWnd::EndModalState

Remarks

CFrameWnd::FloatControlBar

Parameters

Remarks

CFrameWnd::GetActiveDocument

Return Value

CFrameWnd::GetActiveFrame

Return Value

Remarks

CFrameWnd::GetActiveView

Return Value

Remarks

CFrameWnd::GetControlBar

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

CFrameWnd::GetDockState

Parameters

Remarks

CFrameWnd::GetMenuBarState

Return Value

Remarks

CFrameWnd::GetMenuBarVisibility

Return Value

Remarks

CFrameWnd::GetMessageBar

Return Value

CFrameWnd::GetMessageString

Parameters

Remarks

CFrameWnd::GetTitle

Return Value

CFrameWnd::InitialUpdateFrame

Parameters

Remarks

CFrameWnd::InModalState

Return Value

CFrameWnd::IsTracking

Return Value

CFrameWnd::LoadAccelTable

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

CFrameWnd::LoadBarState

Parameters

Remarks