Avviare una connessione WebSocket ad Azure Web PubSub
Articolo
I client si connettono al servizio Web PubSub di Azure usando il protocollo WebSocket standard. È possibile usare linguaggi con supporto client WebSocket per scrivere un client per il servizio. In questo articolo vengono illustrati diversi esempi di client WebSocket in linguaggi diversi.
Autorizzazione
Web PubSub usa un token JSON Web (JWT) per convalidare e autorizzare client. I client possono inserire il token nel parametro di query access_token oppure inserirlo nell'intestazione Authorization durante la connessione al servizio.
In genere, il client comunica prima di tutto con il server app per ottenere l'URL del servizio e il token. Quindi, il client apre la connessione WebSocket al servizio usando l'URL e il token ricevuti.
Il portale fornisce anche uno strumento per generare l'URL client con il token in modo dinamico. Questo strumento può essere utile per eseguire un test rapido.
Nota
Quando si genera il token, assicurarsi di includere solo i ruoli necessari.
Nelle sezioni seguenti, per semplificare il flusso di lavoro campione, verrà usato questo URL generato temporaneamente dal portale per la connessione del client. Verrà usato <Client_URL_From_Portal> per rappresentare il valore. Il token generato scade dopo 60 minuti per impostazione predefinita, quindi non dimenticare di rigenerarne uno alla scadenza.
Il servizio supporta due tipi di client WebSocket: il client WebSocket semplice e il client WebSocket PubSub. Di seguito verrà illustrato come questi due tipi di client si connettono al servizio. Per altre informazioni su questi client, vedere Protocolli client WebSocket per Azure Web PubSub.
<script>
// Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
let ws = new WebSocket("<Client_URL_From_Portal>");
ws.onopen = () => {
// Do things when the WebSocket connection is established
};
ws.onmessage = event => {
// Do things when messages are received.
};
</script>
const WebSocket = require('ws');
// Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
const client = new WebSocket("<Client_URL_From_Portal>");
client.on('open', () => {
// Do things when the WebSocket connection is established
});
client.on('message', msg => {
// Do things when messages are received.
});
import asyncio
import websockets
async def hello():
# Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
uri = '<Client_URL_From_Portal>'
async with websockets.connect(uri) as ws:
while True:
await ws.send('hello')
greeting = await ws.recv()
print(greeting)
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(hello())
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Websocket.Client;
namespace subscriber
{
class Program
{
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
// Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
using (var client = new WebsocketClient(new Uri("<Client_URL_From_Portal>")))
{
// Disable the auto disconnect and reconnect because the sample would like the client to stay online even if no data comes in
client.ReconnectTimeout = null;
client.MessageReceived.Subscribe(msg => Console.WriteLine($"Message received: {msg}"));
await client.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Connected.");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
}
package client;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.WebSocket;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
/**
* A simple WebSocket Client.
*
*/
public final class SimpleClient {
private SimpleClient() {
}
/**
* Starts a simple WebSocket connection.
* @param args The arguments of the program.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
WebSocket ws = HttpClient.newHttpClient().newWebSocketBuilder()
.buildAsync(URI.create("<Client_URL_From_Portal>"), new WebSocketClient()).join();
System.in.read();
}
private static final class WebSocketClient implements WebSocket.Listener {
private WebSocketClient() {
}
@Override
public void onOpen(WebSocket webSocket) {
System.out.println("onOpen using subprotocol " + webSocket.getSubprotocol());
WebSocket.Listener.super.onOpen(webSocket);
}
@Override
public CompletionStage<?> onText(WebSocket webSocket, CharSequence data, boolean last) {
System.out.println("onText received " + data);
return WebSocket.Listener.super.onText(webSocket, data, last);
}
@Override
public void onError(WebSocket webSocket, Throwable error) {
System.out.println("Bad day! " + webSocket.toString());
WebSocket.Listener.super.onError(webSocket, error);
}
}
}
<script>
// Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
let ws = new WebSocket("<Client_URL_From_Portal>", 'json.webpubsub.azure.v1');
ws.onopen = () => {
// Do things when the WebSocket connection is established
};
ws.onmessage = event => {
// Do things when messages are received.
};
</script>
const WebSocket = require('ws');
// Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
const client = new WebSocket("<Client_URL_From_Portal>", "json.webpubsub.azure.v1");
client.on('open', () => {
// Do things when the WebSocket connection is established
});
client.on('message', msg => {
// Do things when messages are received.
});
import asyncio
import websockets
async def join_group():
# Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
uri = '<Client_URL_From_Portal>'
async with websockets.connect(uri, subprotocols=['json.webpubsub.azure.v1']) as ws:
await ws.send('{"type":"joinGroup","ackId":1,"group":"group1"}')
return await ws.recv()
print(asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(join_group()))
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net.WebSockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace subscriber
{
class Program
{
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
// Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
using (var client = new WebsocketClient(new Uri("<Client_URL_From_Portal>"), () =>
{
var inner = new ClientWebSocket();
inner.Options.AddSubProtocol("json.webpubsub.azure.v1");
return inner;
}))
{
// Disable the auto disconnect and reconnect because the sample would like the client to stay online even if no data comes in
client.ReconnectTimeout = null;
client.MessageReceived.Subscribe(msg => Console.WriteLine($"Message received: {msg}"));
await client.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Connected.");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
}
package client;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.WebSocket;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
/**
* A PubSub WebSocket Client.
*
*/
public final class SubprotocolClient {
private SubprotocolClient() {
}
/**
* Starts a PubSub WebSocket connection.
* @param args The arguments of the program.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Don't forget to replace this <Client_URL_From_Portal> with the value fetched from the portal
WebSocket ws = HttpClient.newHttpClient().newWebSocketBuilder().subprotocols("json.webpubsub.azure.v1")
.buildAsync(URI.create("<Client_URL_From_Portal>"), new WebSocketClient()).join();
ws.sendText("{\"type\":\"joinGroup\",\"ackId\":1,\"group\":\"group1\"}", true);
System.in.read();
}
private static final class WebSocketClient implements WebSocket.Listener {
private WebSocketClient() {
}
@Override
public void onOpen(WebSocket webSocket) {
System.out.println("onOpen using subprotocol " + webSocket.getSubprotocol());
WebSocket.Listener.super.onOpen(webSocket);
}
@Override
public CompletionStage<?> onText(WebSocket webSocket, CharSequence data, boolean last) {
System.out.println("onText received " + data);
return WebSocket.Listener.super.onText(webSocket, data, last);
}
@Override
public void onError(WebSocket webSocket, Throwable error) {
System.out.println("Bad day! " + webSocket.toString());
WebSocket.Listener.super.onError(webSocket, error);
}
}
}
Passaggi successivi
In questo articolo si è appreso come connettersi al servizio usando l'URL generato dal portale. Per vedere come i client comunicano con il server app per ottenere l'URL nelle applicazioni reali, leggere queste esercitazioni ed esaminare gli esempi.
