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Procedura: Stampare in Windows Form usando l'anteprima di stampa

Nella programmazione windows Form è molto comune offrire un'anteprima di stampa oltre ai servizi di stampa. Un modo semplice per aggiungere servizi di anteprima di stampa all'applicazione consiste nell'usare un controllo PrintPreviewDialog in combinazione con la logica di gestione degli eventi PrintPage per la stampa di un file.

Per visualizzare in anteprima un documento di testo con un controllo PrintPreviewDialog

  1. Aggiungi PrintPreviewDialog, PrintDocumente due stringhe al tuo modulo.

    private PrintPreviewDialog printPreviewDialog1 = new PrintPreviewDialog();
    private PrintDocument printDocument1 = new PrintDocument();
    
    // Declare a string to hold the entire document contents.
    private string documentContents;
    
    // Declare a variable to hold the portion of the document that
    // is not printed.
    private string stringToPrint;
    
    Private printPreviewDialog1 As New PrintPreviewDialog()
    Private WithEvents printDocument1 As New PrintDocument()
    
    ' Declare a string to hold the entire document contents.
    Private documentContents As String
    
    ' Declare a variable to hold the portion of the document that
    ' is not printed.
    Private stringToPrint As String
    
  2. Imposta la proprietà DocumentName al documento che desideri stampare e apri il documento, leggendo il suo contenuto nella stringa precedentemente aggiunta.

    private void ReadDocument()
    {
        string docName = "testPage.txt";
        string docPath = @"c:\";
        printDocument1.DocumentName = docName;
        using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(docPath + docName, FileMode.Open))
        using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
        {
            documentContents = reader.ReadToEnd();
        }
        stringToPrint = documentContents;
    }
    
    Private Sub ReadDocument() 
        Dim docName As String = "testPage.txt"
        Dim docPath As String = "c:\"
        printDocument1.DocumentName = docName
        Dim stream As New FileStream(docPath + docName, FileMode.Open)
        Try
            Dim reader As New StreamReader(stream)
            Try
                documentContents = reader.ReadToEnd()
            Finally
                reader.Dispose()
            End Try
        Finally
            stream.Dispose()
        End Try
        stringToPrint = documentContents
    
    End Sub
    
  3. Come si farebbe per stampare il documento, nel gestore eventi PrintPage utilizzare la proprietà Graphics della classe PrintPageEventArgs e il contenuto del file per calcolare le righe per pagina ed eseguire il rendering del contenuto del documento. Dopo aver disegnato ogni pagina, verificare se è l'ultima pagina e impostare di conseguenza la proprietà HasMorePages del PrintPageEventArgs. L'evento PrintPage viene generato fino a quando HasMorePages è false. Quando il documento ha terminato il rendering, reimposta la stringa da rendere. Assicurarsi inoltre che l'evento PrintPage sia associato al relativo metodo di gestione degli eventi.

    Nota

    È possibile che siano già stati completati i passaggi 2 e 3 se è stata implementata la stampa nell'applicazione.

    Nell'esempio di codice seguente il gestore eventi viene usato per stampare il file "testPage.txt" nello stesso tipo di carattere utilizzato nel modulo.

    void printDocument1_PrintPage(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs e)
    {
        int charactersOnPage = 0;
        int linesPerPage = 0;
    
        // Sets the value of charactersOnPage to the number of characters
        // of stringToPrint that will fit within the bounds of the page.
        e.Graphics.MeasureString(stringToPrint, this.Font,
            e.MarginBounds.Size, StringFormat.GenericTypographic,
            out charactersOnPage, out linesPerPage);
    
        // Draws the string within the bounds of the page.
        e.Graphics.DrawString(stringToPrint, this.Font, Brushes.Black,
        e.MarginBounds, StringFormat.GenericTypographic);
    
        // Remove the portion of the string that has been printed.
        stringToPrint = stringToPrint.Substring(charactersOnPage);
    
        // Check to see if more pages are to be printed.
        e.HasMorePages = (stringToPrint.Length > 0);
    
        // If there are no more pages, reset the string to be printed.
        if (!e.HasMorePages)
            stringToPrint = documentContents;
    }
    
    Sub printDocument1_PrintPage(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As PrintPageEventArgs) Handles printDocument1.PrintPage
    
        Dim charactersOnPage As Integer = 0
        Dim linesPerPage As Integer = 0
    
        ' Sets the value of charactersOnPage to the number of characters 
        ' of stringToPrint that will fit within the bounds of the page.
        e.Graphics.MeasureString(stringToPrint, Me.Font, e.MarginBounds.Size, _
            StringFormat.GenericTypographic, charactersOnPage, linesPerPage)
    
        ' Draws the string within the bounds of the page.
        e.Graphics.DrawString(stringToPrint, Me.Font, Brushes.Black, _
            e.MarginBounds, StringFormat.GenericTypographic)
    
        ' Remove the portion of the string that has been printed.
        stringToPrint = stringToPrint.Substring(charactersOnPage)
    
        ' Check to see if more pages are to be printed.
        e.HasMorePages = stringToPrint.Length > 0
    
        ' If there are no more pages, reset the string to be printed.
        If Not e.HasMorePages Then
            stringToPrint = documentContents
        End If
    
    End Sub
    
  4. Impostare la proprietà Document del controllo PrintPreviewDialog sul componente PrintDocument nel form.

    printPreviewDialog1.Document = printDocument1;
    
    printPreviewDialog1.Document = printDocument1
    
  5. Chiamare il metodo ShowDialog nel controllo PrintPreviewDialog. In genere si chiama ShowDialog dal metodo di gestione degli eventi Click di un pulsante. Chiamando ShowDialog genera l'evento PrintPage e visualizza l'output sul controllo PrintPreviewDialog. Quando l'utente fa clic sull'icona di stampa nella finestra di dialogo, l'evento PrintPage viene generato nuovamente, inviando l'output alla stampante anziché alla finestra di dialogo di anteprima. Ecco perché la stringa viene reimpostata alla fine del processo di rendering nel passaggio 3.

    Nell'esempio di codice seguente viene illustrato il metodo di gestione degli eventi Click per un pulsante nel modulo. Questo metodo di gestione degli eventi chiama i metodi per leggere il documento e visualizzare la finestra di dialogo anteprima di stampa.

    private void printPreviewButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ReadDocument();
        printPreviewDialog1.Document = printDocument1;
    printPreviewDialog1.ShowDialog();
    }
    
    Private Sub printPreviewButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles printPreviewButton.Click
    
        ReadDocument()
        printPreviewDialog1.Document = printDocument1
        printPreviewDialog1.ShowDialog()
    End Sub
    

Esempio

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Drawing.Printing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace PrintPreviewApp
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private Button printPreviewButton;

        private PrintPreviewDialog printPreviewDialog1 = new PrintPreviewDialog();
        private PrintDocument printDocument1 = new PrintDocument();

        // Declare a string to hold the entire document contents.
        private string documentContents;

        // Declare a variable to hold the portion of the document that
        // is not printed.
        private string stringToPrint;

        public Form1()
        {
            this.printPreviewButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.printPreviewButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
            this.printPreviewButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(125, 23);
            this.printPreviewButton.Text = "Print Preview";
            this.printPreviewButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.printPreviewButton_Click);
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 266);
            this.Controls.Add(this.printPreviewButton);
            printDocument1.PrintPage +=
                new PrintPageEventHandler(printDocument1_PrintPage);
        }
        private void ReadDocument()
        {
            string docName = "testPage.txt";
            string docPath = @"c:\";
            printDocument1.DocumentName = docName;
            using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(docPath + docName, FileMode.Open))
            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
            {
                documentContents = reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
            stringToPrint = documentContents;
        }

        void printDocument1_PrintPage(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs e)
        {
            int charactersOnPage = 0;
            int linesPerPage = 0;

            // Sets the value of charactersOnPage to the number of characters
            // of stringToPrint that will fit within the bounds of the page.
            e.Graphics.MeasureString(stringToPrint, this.Font,
                e.MarginBounds.Size, StringFormat.GenericTypographic,
                out charactersOnPage, out linesPerPage);

            // Draws the string within the bounds of the page.
            e.Graphics.DrawString(stringToPrint, this.Font, Brushes.Black,
            e.MarginBounds, StringFormat.GenericTypographic);

            // Remove the portion of the string that has been printed.
            stringToPrint = stringToPrint.Substring(charactersOnPage);

            // Check to see if more pages are to be printed.
            e.HasMorePages = (stringToPrint.Length > 0);

            // If there are no more pages, reset the string to be printed.
            if (!e.HasMorePages)
                stringToPrint = documentContents;
        }
        private void printPreviewButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ReadDocument();
            printPreviewDialog1.Document = printDocument1;
        printPreviewDialog1.ShowDialog();
        }

        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }
    }
}
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Drawing.Printing
Imports System.Windows.Forms



Class Form1
    Inherits Form

    Private WithEvents printPreviewButton As Button
    
    Private printPreviewDialog1 As New PrintPreviewDialog()
    Private WithEvents printDocument1 As New PrintDocument()
    
    ' Declare a string to hold the entire document contents.
    Private documentContents As String
    
    ' Declare a variable to hold the portion of the document that
    ' is not printed.
    Private stringToPrint As String

    Public Sub New() 
        Me.printPreviewButton = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
        Me.printPreviewButton.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 12)
        Me.printPreviewButton.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(125, 23)
        Me.printPreviewButton.Text = "Print Preview"
        Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(292, 266)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.printPreviewButton)

    End Sub
    
    Private Sub ReadDocument() 
        Dim docName As String = "testPage.txt"
        Dim docPath As String = "c:\"
        printDocument1.DocumentName = docName
        Dim stream As New FileStream(docPath + docName, FileMode.Open)
        Try
            Dim reader As New StreamReader(stream)
            Try
                documentContents = reader.ReadToEnd()
            Finally
                reader.Dispose()
            End Try
        Finally
            stream.Dispose()
        End Try
        stringToPrint = documentContents
    
    End Sub

    Sub printDocument1_PrintPage(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As PrintPageEventArgs) Handles printDocument1.PrintPage

        Dim charactersOnPage As Integer = 0
        Dim linesPerPage As Integer = 0

        ' Sets the value of charactersOnPage to the number of characters 
        ' of stringToPrint that will fit within the bounds of the page.
        e.Graphics.MeasureString(stringToPrint, Me.Font, e.MarginBounds.Size, _
            StringFormat.GenericTypographic, charactersOnPage, linesPerPage)

        ' Draws the string within the bounds of the page.
        e.Graphics.DrawString(stringToPrint, Me.Font, Brushes.Black, _
            e.MarginBounds, StringFormat.GenericTypographic)

        ' Remove the portion of the string that has been printed.
        stringToPrint = stringToPrint.Substring(charactersOnPage)

        ' Check to see if more pages are to be printed.
        e.HasMorePages = stringToPrint.Length > 0

        ' If there are no more pages, reset the string to be printed.
        If Not e.HasMorePages Then
            stringToPrint = documentContents
        End If

    End Sub

    Private Sub printPreviewButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles printPreviewButton.Click

        ReadDocument()
        printPreviewDialog1.Document = printDocument1
        printPreviewDialog1.ShowDialog()
    End Sub

    <STAThread()>  _
    Shared Sub Main() 
        Application.EnableVisualStyles()
        Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(False)
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    
    End Sub
End Class 

Compilazione del codice

Questo esempio richiede:

  • Riferimenti agli assembly System, System.Windows.Forms e System.Drawing.

Vedere anche