Import, export, and manage work item types

Azure DevOps Services | Azure DevOps Server 2022 - Azure DevOps Server 2019 | TFS 2018 - TFS 2013

You can manage work item types for a project by using the following witadmin commands:

• destroywitd: Destroys a work item type, and destroys every work item of that type permanently without recovery.
• exportwitd: Exports the definition of a work item type to an XML file, or to the Command Prompt window.
• importwitd: Imports work item types from an XML definition file into a project. If a work item type with the same name already exists, the new work item type definition overwrites the existing one. If the work item type doesn't exist, a new work item type is created. To validate the XML that defines a work item type, but not import the file, use the /v option.
• listwitd: Displays the names of the work item types in the specified project in the Command Prompt window.
• renamewitd: Changes the display name of a work item type within a specific project. After you run this command, work items of this type show the new name.

To learn more about how work item types are used to track work, see Track your work items in Azure Boards user stories, issues, bugs, features, and epics.

How to run the witadmin command-line tool

To run the witadmin command-line tool, open a Command Prompt window where Visual Studio is installed. The witadmin command-line tool installs with any version of Visual Studio. You can access this tool by installing the free version of Visual Studio Community or Visual Studio Team Explorer.

Visual Studio 2015 client:

cd %programfiles(x86)%\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\IDE

On a 32-bit edition of Windows, replace %programfiles(x86)% with %programfiles%. You can install Visual Studio Community (which provides access to Team Explorer) or Visual Studio Team Explorer 2017 for free.

Prerequisites

For the project where the work item types are defined, you must have the following permissions set:

• To export or list work item types, you must be a member of the Project Administrators group or have your View project-level information permission set to Allow.
• To destroy, import, or rename work item types, you must be a member of the Team Foundation Administrators security group or the Project Administrators security group.

For more information, see Change project collection-level permissions.

Syntax

witadmin destroywitd /collection:CollectionURL /p:Project /n:TypeName [/noprompt]   
witadmin exportwitd /collection:CollectionURL /p:Project /n:TypeName [/f:FileName] [/e:Encoding] [/exportgloballists]  
witadmin importwitd /collection:CollectionURL [/p:Project] /f:FileName [/e:Encoding] [/v] 
witadmin listwitd /collection:CollectionURL /p:Project    
witadmin renamewitd /collection:CollectionURL /p:Project /n:TypeName /new:NewName [/noprompt]   

Parameters

Remarks

When you use the destroywitd command, it destroys all the following objects:

• The work item type
• All work items of that type
• Corresponding entries in the work item tables, the long text tables, and the link tables
• Objects in the work item type metadata cache

Examples

Unless otherwise specified, the following values apply in each example:

• URI for the project collection: http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection
• Project name: AdventureWorks
• Input or output file name: myworkitems.xml
• Work item type name: myworkitem
• Default encoding: UTF-8

Export the definition of a WIT

The following command exports the definition for myworkitem to the file, myworkitems.xml.

witadmin exportwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /p:AdventureWorks /f:myworkitems.xml /n:myworkitem  

The following example exports the work item by using Unicode (UTF-7) encoding.

witadmin exportwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /p:AdventureWorks /f:myworkitems.xml /n:myworkitem /e:utf-7  

Export the definition of a WIT and its referenced global lists

The following example exports the work item type and its referenced global lists.

witadmin exportwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /p:AdventureWorks /f:myworkitems.xml /n:myworkitem /exportgloballists  

List the definition of a WIT

The following example displays the definition of the work item type the Command Prompt window.

witadmin exportwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /p:AdventureWorks /n:myworkitem  

Import the definition of WITs

The following example imports the work item definition from the XML file.

witadmin importwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /f:myworkitem.xml /p:AdventureWorks  

Validate the XML definition of a WIT

The following example validates the XML that defines the work item type but does not import the definition.

witadmin importwitd /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /f:myworkitem.xml /p:AdventureWorks /v  

Q & A

Q: What customizations can I make and still use the Configure Features Wizard to update my project after an upgrade?

A: You can add custom WITs and change the form layout. The Configure Features Wizard will update your projects and you'll get access to the latest features.

Changing the workflow or renaming a WIT might require you to perform some manual operations when updating your project. To learn about which customizations you can safely make and which you should avoid, see Customize the work tracking experience: Before you customize, understand the maintenance and upgrade implications.

Q: How do I change the color associated with a WIT?

A: In the web portal, work items appear in query results and on the backlog and board pages of the Agile planning tools. To change the color associated with an existing WIT or add the color to use for a new WIT, edit the process configuration.

Q: How do I deactivate or disable a WIT? How do I restrict users from creating work items of a certain type?

A: If you have a WIT that you want to retire, but maintain the work items that have been created based on that type, you can add a rule that disables all valid users from saving the work item type.

    <TRANSITION from=" " to="New">  
       <FIELDS>  
         <FIELD refname="System.CreatedBy">  
              <VALIDUSER not="[Team Project Name]Project Valid Users" />  
         </FIELD>  
       </FIELDS>  
    </TRANSITION>     

If you want to restrict creation of a specific WIT to a group of users, there are two ways to restrict access:

• Add the WIT to the Hidden Categories group to prevent the majority of contributors from creating them. If you want to allow a group of users access, you can create a hyperlink to a template that opens the work item form and share that link with those team members who you do want to create them.
• Add a field rule to the workflow for the System.CreatedBy field to effectively restrict a group of users from creating a work item of a specific type. As the following example shows, the user who creates the work item must belong to the Allowed Group in order to save the work item.

<TRANSITION from=" " to="New">  
   <FIELDS>  
     <FIELD refname="System.CreatedBy">  
         <VALIDUSER for="Allowed Group" not="Disallowed Group" />  
     </FIELD>  
   </FIELDS>  
</TRANSITION>  

Q: How do I delete a WIT?

A: To prevent team members from using a specific WIT to create a work item, you can remove it from the project. When you use witadmin destroywitd, you permanently remove all work items that were created using that WIT as well as the WIT itself. For example, if your team doesn't use Impediment you can delete the WIT labeled Impediment from the Fabrikam Web Site project.

witadmin destroywitd /collection:"http://FabrikamPrime:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection" /p:"Fabrikam Web Site" /n:"Impediment"   

When you delete a WIT that belongs to a category, you must update the categories definition for the project to reflect the new name. In particular, the Agile planning tools will not work until you update the categories definition.

For more information, see Import and export categories.

Related articles

• Customize your work tracking experience