使用 XmlSchemaSet 进行 XML 架构 (XSD) 验证
XML 文档可以根据 XmlSchemaSet 中的 XML 架构定义语言 (XSD) 架构进行验证。
验证 XML 文档
XML 文档通过 XmlReader 类的 Create 方法进行验证。 若要验证 XML 文档,请构造一个 XmlReaderSettings 对象,其中包含用于验证 XML 文档的 XML 架构定义语言 (XSD) 架构。
注意 |
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System.Xml.Schema 命名空间包含扩展方法,在使用 LINQ to XML 时,这些扩展方法可以简化针对 XSD 文件验证 XML 树的过程。有关使用 LINQ to XML 验证 XML 文档的更多信息,请参见如何:使用 XSD 进行验证 (LINQ to XML)。 |
通过将架构作为参数传递给 XmlSchemaSet 的 Add 方法,可以将单个架构或一组架构(作为 XmlSchemaSet)添加到 XmlSchemaSet。 请注意,在验证文档时,文档的目标命名空间必须匹配架构集中架构的目标命名空间。
下面是示例 XML 文档。
<bookstore xmlns="https://www.contoso.com/books">
<book genre="autobiography" publicationdate="1981-03-22" ISBN="1-861003-11-0">
<title>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</title>
<author>
<first-name>Benjamin</first-name>
<last-name>Franklin</last-name>
</author>
<price>8.99</price>
</book>
<book genre="novel" publicationdate="1967-11-17" ISBN="0-201-63361-2">
<title>The Confidence Man</title>
<author>
<first-name>Herman</first-name>
<last-name>Melville</last-name>
</author>
<price>11.99</price>
</book>
<book genre="philosophy" publicationdate="1991-02-15" ISBN="1-861001-57-6">
<title>The Gorgias</title>
<author>
<name>Plato</name>
</author>
<price>9.99</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
下面是验证示例 XML 文档的架构。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="https://www.contoso.com/books" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="bookstore">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="book">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="title" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="author">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="name" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="first-name" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="last-name" type="xs:string" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="price" type="xs:decimal" />
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="genre" type="xs:string" use="required" />
<xs:attribute name="publicationdate" type="xs:date" use="required" />
<xs:attribute name="ISBN" type="xs:string" use="required" />
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
在下面的代码示例中,上面的架构添加到 XmlReaderSettings 对象的 XmlSchemaSet Schemas 属性中。 XmlReaderSettings 对象作为参数传递给验证上述 XML 文档的 XmlReader 对象的 Create 方法。
XmlReaderSettings 对象的 ValidationType 属性设置为 Schema,强制通过 XmlReader 对象的 Create 方法验证 XML 文档。 将 ValidationEventHandler 添加到 XmlReaderSettings 对象以处理 XML 文档和架构验证过程中发现的错误所引发的任何 Warning 或 Error 事件。
Imports System
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Xml.Schema
Class XmlSchemaSetExample
Shared Sub Main()
Dim booksSettings As XmlReaderSettings = New XmlReaderSettings()
booksSettings.Schemas.Add("https://www.contoso.com/books", "books.xsd")
booksSettings.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema
AddHandler booksSettings.ValidationEventHandler, New ValidationEventHandler(AddressOf booksSettingsValidationEventHandler)
Dim books As XmlReader = XmlReader.Create("books.xml", booksSettings)
While books.Read()
End While
End Sub
Shared Sub booksSettingsValidationEventHandler(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ValidationEventArgs)
If e.Severity = XmlSeverityType.Warning Then
Console.Write("WARNING: ")
Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
ElseIf e.Severity = XmlSeverityType.Error Then
Console.Write("ERROR: ")
Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
End If
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;
class XmlSchemaSetExample
{
static void Main()
{
XmlReaderSettings booksSettings = new XmlReaderSettings();
booksSettings.Schemas.Add("https://www.contoso.com/books", "books.xsd");
booksSettings.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema;
booksSettings.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler(booksSettingsValidationEventHandler);
XmlReader books = XmlReader.Create("books.xml", booksSettings);
while (books.Read()) { }
}
static void booksSettingsValidationEventHandler(object sender, ValidationEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Warning)
{
Console.Write("WARNING: ");
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
else if (e.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Error)
{
Console.Write("ERROR: ");
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
}
}
#using <System.Xml.dll>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Xml;
using namespace System::Xml::Schema;
static void booksSettingsValidationEventHandler( Object^ /*sender*/, ValidationEventArgs^ e )
{
if ( e->Severity == XmlSeverityType::Warning )
{
Console::Write( L"WARNING: " );
Console::WriteLine( e->Message );
}
else
if ( e->Severity == XmlSeverityType::Error )
{
Console::Write( L"ERROR: " );
Console::WriteLine( e->Message );
}
}
int main()
{
XmlReaderSettings^ booksSettings = gcnew XmlReaderSettings;
booksSettings->Schemas->Add( L"https://www.contoso.com/books", L"books.xsd" );
booksSettings->ValidationType = ValidationType::Schema;
booksSettings->ValidationEventHandler += gcnew ValidationEventHandler( booksSettingsValidationEventHandler );
XmlReader^ books = XmlReader::Create( L"books.xml", booksSettings );
while ( books->Read() )
{}
return 0;
}