快速入門：使用 ARM 範本建立 Windows 虛擬機器擴展集

發行項
08/24/2024

適用於：✔️ Windows VM ✔️ 統一擴展集

注意

下文適用於統一虛擬機器擴展集。建議您將彈性虛擬機器擴展集用於新的工作負載。在我們的彈性虛擬機器擴展集概觀中，深入瞭解這個新的協調流程模式。

虛擬機器擴展集可讓您部署和管理一組自動調整的虛擬機器。您可以手動調整擴展集中的 VM 數目，或定義規則以根據 CPU、記憶體需求或網路流量等資源使用量進行自動調整。其後，Azure 負載平衡器會將流量分配到擴展集中的多個 VM 執行個體。在此快速入門中，您會使用 Azure Resource Manager 範本 (ARM 範本) 建立虛擬機器擴展集，並部署範例應用程式。

Azure Resource Manager 範本是一個 JavaScript 物件標記法 (JSON) 檔案，會定義專案的基礎結構和設定。範本使用宣告式語法。您可以描述預期的部署，而不需要撰寫程式設計命令順序來建立部署。

ARM 範本可讓您部署相關資源的群組。在單一範本中，您可以建立虛擬機器擴展集、安裝應用程式，並設定自動縮放規則。使用變數和參數，就可以重複使用此範本來更新現有的、或建立其他的擴展集。您可以透過 Azure 入口網站、Azure CLI、Azure PowerShell，或從持續整合/持續傳遞 (CI/CD) 管線部署範本。

如果您的環境符合必要條件，而且您很熟悉 ARM 範本，請選取 [部署至 Azure] 按鈕。範本會在 Azure 入口網站中開啟。

必要條件

如果您沒有 Azure 訂用帳戶，請在開始前建立免費帳戶。

檢閱範本

本快速入門中使用的範本是來自 Azure 快速入門範本。

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "metadata": {
    "_generator": {
      "name": "bicep",
      "version": "0.29.47.4906",
      "templateHash": "11422221168065527308"
    }
  },
  "parameters": {
    "vmssName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 3,
      "maxLength": 61,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "String used as a base for naming resources. Must be 3-61 characters in length and globally unique across Azure. A hash is prepended to this string for some resources, and resource-specific information is appended."
      }
    },
    "vmSku": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_D2s_v3",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Size of VMs in the VM Scale Set."
      }
    },
    "windowsOSVersion": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "2022-datacenter-azure-edition",
      "allowedValues": [
        "2019-DataCenter-GenSecond",
        "2016-DataCenter-GenSecond",
        "2022-datacenter-azure-edition"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The Windows version for the VM. This will pick a fully patched image of this given Windows version. Allowed values: 2008-R2-SP1, 2012-Datacenter, 2012-R2-Datacenter & 2016-Datacenter, 2019-Datacenter."
      }
    },
    "securityType": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "TrustedLaunch",
      "allowedValues": [
        "Standard",
        "TrustedLaunch"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Security Type of the Virtual Machine."
      }
    },
    "instanceCount": {
      "type": "int",
      "defaultValue": 3,
      "minValue": 1,
      "maxValue": 100,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Number of VM instances (100 or less)."
      }
    },
    "singlePlacementGroup": {
      "type": "bool",
      "defaultValue": true,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "When true this limits the scale set to a single placement group, of max size 100 virtual machines. NOTE: If singlePlacementGroup is true, it may be modified to false. However, if singlePlacementGroup is false, it may not be modified to true."
      }
    },
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "vmssadmin",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Admin username on all VMs."
      }
    },
    "adminPassword": {
      "type": "securestring",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Admin password on all VMs."
      }
    },
    "_artifactsLocation": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[deployment().properties.templateLink.uri]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The base URI where artifacts required by this template are located. For example, if stored on a public GitHub repo, you'd use the following URI: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/201-vmss-windows-webapp-dsc-autoscale/."
      }
    },
    "_artifactsLocationSasToken": {
      "type": "securestring",
      "defaultValue": "",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The sasToken required to access _artifactsLocation.  If your artifacts are stored on a public repo or public storage account you can leave this blank."
      }
    },
    "powershelldscZip": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "DSC/InstallIIS.zip",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location of the PowerShell DSC zip file relative to the URI specified in the _artifactsLocation, i.e. DSC/IISInstall.ps1.zip"
      }
    },
    "webDeployPackage": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "WebDeploy/DefaultASPWebApp.v1.0.zip",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location of the  of the WebDeploy package zip file relative to the URI specified in _artifactsLocation, i.e. WebDeploy/DefaultASPWebApp.v1.0.zip"
      }
    },
    "powershelldscUpdateTagVersion": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "1.0",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Version number of the DSC deployment. Changing this value on subsequent deployments will trigger the extension to run."
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location for all resources."
      }
    },
    "platformFaultDomainCount": {
      "type": "int",
      "defaultValue": 1,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Fault Domain count for each placement group."
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "vmScaleSetName": "[toLower(substring(format('vmssName{0}', uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)), 0, 9))]",
    "longvmScaleSet": "[toLower(parameters('vmssName'))]",
    "addressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
    "subnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
    "vNetName": "[format('{0}vnet', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
    "publicIPAddressName": "[format('{0}pip', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
    "subnetName": "[format('{0}subnet', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
    "loadBalancerName": "[format('{0}lb', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
    "publicIPAddressID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('publicIPAddressName'))]",
    "lbProbeID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/probes', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'tcpProbe')]",
    "natPoolName": "[format('{0}natpool', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
    "bePoolName": "[format('{0}bepool', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
    "lbPoolID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', variables('loadBalancerName'), variables('bePoolName'))]",
    "natStartPort": 50000,
    "natEndPort": 50119,
    "natBackendPort": 3389,
    "nicName": "[format('{0}nic', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
    "ipConfigName": "[format('{0}ipconfig', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
    "frontEndIPConfigID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/frontendIPConfigurations', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'loadBalancerFrontEnd')]",
    "osType": {
      "publisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
      "offer": "WindowsServer",
      "sku": "[parameters('windowsOSVersion')]",
      "version": "latest"
    },
    "securityProfileJson": {
      "uefiSettings": {
        "secureBootEnabled": true,
        "vTpmEnabled": true
      },
      "securityType": "[parameters('securityType')]"
    },
    "imageReference": "[variables('osType')]",
    "webDeployPackageFullPath": "[uri(parameters('_artifactsLocation'), format('{0}{1}', parameters('webDeployPackage'), parameters('_artifactsLocationSasToken')))]",
    "powershelldscZipFullPath": "[uri(parameters('_artifactsLocation'), format('{0}{1}', parameters('powershelldscZip'), parameters('_artifactsLocationSasToken')))]"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "apiVersion": "2023-04-01",
      "name": "[variables('loadBalancerName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "frontendIPConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "LoadBalancerFrontEnd",
            "properties": {
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[variables('publicIPAddressID')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools": [
          {
            "name": "[variables('bePoolName')]"
          }
        ],
        "inboundNatPools": [
          {
            "name": "[variables('natPoolName')]",
            "properties": {
              "frontendIPConfiguration": {
                "id": "[variables('frontEndIPConfigID')]"
              },
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "frontendPortRangeStart": "[variables('natStartPort')]",
              "frontendPortRangeEnd": "[variables('natEndPort')]",
              "backendPort": "[variables('natBackendPort')]"
            }
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules": [
          {
            "name": "LBRule",
            "properties": {
              "frontendIPConfiguration": {
                "id": "[variables('frontEndIPConfigID')]"
              },
              "backendAddressPool": {
                "id": "[variables('lbPoolID')]"
              },
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "frontendPort": 80,
              "backendPort": 80,
              "enableFloatingIP": false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes": 5,
              "probe": {
                "id": "[variables('lbProbeID')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes": [
          {
            "name": "tcpProbe",
            "properties": {
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "port": 80,
              "intervalInSeconds": 5,
              "numberOfProbes": 2
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('publicIPAddressName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('vmScaleSetName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[parameters('vmSku')]",
        "tier": "Standard",
        "capacity": "[parameters('instanceCount')]"
      },
      "properties": {
        "overprovision": true,
        "upgradePolicy": {
          "mode": "Automatic"
        },
        "singlePlacementGroup": "[parameters('singlePlacementGroup')]",
        "platformFaultDomainCount": "[parameters('platformFaultDomainCount')]",
        "virtualMachineProfile": {
          "storageProfile": {
            "osDisk": {
              "caching": "ReadWrite",
              "createOption": "FromImage"
            },
            "imageReference": "[variables('imageReference')]"
          },
          "osProfile": {
            "computerNamePrefix": "[variables('vmScaleSetName')]",
            "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
            "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]"
          },
          "securityProfile": "[if(equals(parameters('securityType'), 'TrustedLaunch'), variables('securityProfileJson'), null())]",
          "networkProfile": {
            "networkInterfaceConfigurations": [
              {
                "name": "[variables('nicName')]",
                "properties": {
                  "primary": true,
                  "ipConfigurations": [
                    {
                      "name": "[variables('ipConfigName')]",
                      "properties": {
                        "subnet": {
                          "id": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName')), '2023-04-01').subnets[0].id]"
                        },
                        "loadBalancerBackendAddressPools": [
                          {
                            "id": "[variables('lbPoolID')]"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              }
            ]
          },
          "extensionProfile": {
            "extensions": [
              {
                "name": "Microsoft.Powershell.DSC",
                "properties": {
                  "publisher": "Microsoft.Powershell",
                  "type": "DSC",
                  "typeHandlerVersion": "2.9",
                  "autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
                  "forceUpdateTag": "[parameters('powershelldscUpdateTagVersion')]",
                  "settings": {
                    "configuration": {
                      "url": "[variables('powershelldscZipFullPath')]",
                      "script": "InstallIIS.ps1",
                      "function": "InstallIIS"
                    },
                    "configurationArguments": {
                      "nodeName": "localhost",
                      "WebDeployPackagePath": "[variables('webDeployPackageFullPath')]"
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "apiVersion": "2023-04-01",
      "name": "[variables('publicIPAddressName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
        "dnsSettings": {
          "domainNameLabel": "[variables('longvmScaleSet')]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "apiVersion": "2023-04-01",
      "name": "[variables('vNetName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "addressSpace": {
          "addressPrefixes": [
            "[variables('addressPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets": [
          {
            "name": "[variables('subnetName')]",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('subnetPrefix')]"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Insights/autoscalesettings",
      "apiVersion": "2022-10-01",
      "name": "autoscalehost",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "name": "autoscalehost",
        "targetResourceUri": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
        "enabled": true,
        "profiles": [
          {
            "name": "Profile1",
            "capacity": {
              "minimum": "1",
              "maximum": "10",
              "default": "1"
            },
            "rules": [
              {
                "metricTrigger": {
                  "metricName": "Percentage CPU",
                  "metricResourceUri": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
                  "timeGrain": "PT1M",
                  "statistic": "Average",
                  "timeWindow": "PT5M",
                  "timeAggregation": "Average",
                  "operator": "GreaterThan",
                  "threshold": 50
                },
                "scaleAction": {
                  "direction": "Increase",
                  "type": "ChangeCount",
                  "value": "1",
                  "cooldown": "PT5M"
                }
              },
              {
                "metricTrigger": {
                  "metricName": "Percentage CPU",
                  "metricResourceUri": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
                  "timeGrain": "PT1M",
                  "statistic": "Average",
                  "timeWindow": "PT5M",
                  "timeAggregation": "Average",
                  "operator": "LessThan",
                  "threshold": 30
                },
                "scaleAction": {
                  "direction": "Decrease",
                  "type": "ChangeCount",
                  "value": "1",
                  "cooldown": "PT5M"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "applicationUrl": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[uri(format('http://{0}', reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('publicIPAddressName')), '2023-04-01').dnsSettings.fqdn), '/MyApp')]"
    }
  }
}

這些範本中定義了下列資源：

定義擴展集

若要使用範本建立縮放，您可以定義適當的資源。虛擬機器擴展集資源類型的核心部分是：

屬性	屬性描述	範例範本值
type	要建立的 Azure 資源類型	Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets
NAME	擴展集名稱	myScaleSet
location	要建立擴展集的位置	美國東部
sku.name	每個擴展集執行個體的 VM 大小	標準_A1
sku.capacity	最初要建立的 VM 執行個體數目	2
upgradePolicy.mode	發生變更時的 VM 執行個體升級模式	自動
imageReference	要用於 VM 執行個體的平台或自訂映像	Microsoft Windows Server 2016 資料中心
osProfile.computerNamePrefix	每個 VM 執行個體的名稱前置詞	myvmss
osProfile.adminUsername	每個 VM 執行個體的使用者名稱	azureuser
osProfile.adminPassword	每個 VM 執行個體的密碼	P@ssw0rd!

若要自訂擴展集範本，您可以變更 VM 大小或初始容量，或使用不同的平台或自訂映像。

新增範例應用程式

若要測試您的擴展集，請安裝基本的 Web 應用程式。當您部署擴展集時，VM 延伸模組可以提供後置部署設定和自動化工作，例如安裝應用程式。您可以從 Azure 儲存體或 GitHub 下載指令碼，或是在擴充功能執行階段將指令碼提供給 Azure 入口網站。若要將延伸模組套用至擴展集，請將 extensionProfile 區段新增至上述資源範例。延伸模組設定檔通常會定義下列屬性：

擴充功能類型
延伸模組發行者
延伸模組版本
設定或安裝指令碼的位置
在 VM 執行個體上執行的命令

範本會使用 PowerShell DSC 延伸模組來安裝 IIS 中執行的 ASP.NET MVC 應用程式。

會從 GitHub 下載安裝指令碼，如 url 中所定義。然後，延伸模組會從 IISInstall.ps1 指令碼執行 InstallIIS，如函式和指令碼中所定義。 ASP.NET 應用程式本身會依 Web Deploy 套件提供，也是從 GitHub 下載，如 WebDeployPackagePath 中所定義：

部署範本

您可以選取 [部署至 Azure] 按鈕來部署範本。這個按鈕會開啟 Azure 入口網站、載入完整的範本，並提示輸入幾個參數，例如擴展集名稱、執行個體計數和管理員認證。

您也可以使用 Azure PowerShell 部署 Resource Manager 範本：

# Create a resource group
New-AzResourceGroup -Name myResourceGroup -Location EastUS

# Deploy template into resource group
New-AzResourceGroupDeployment `
    -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup `
    -TemplateURI https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/demos/vmss-windows-webapp-dsc-autoscale/azuredeploy.json

# Update the scale set and apply the extension
Update-AzVmss `
    -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup `
    -VmScaleSetName myVMSS `
    -VirtualMachineScaleSet $vmssConfig

回答提示以提供擴展集名稱和 VM 執行個體的管理員認證。可能需要 10-15 分鐘才能建立擴展集，並套用延伸模組來設定應用程式。

驗證部署

若要查看有效的擴展集，請在網頁瀏覽器中存取範例 Web 應用程式。使用 Get-AzPublicIpAddress 取得負載平衡器的公用 IP 位址，如下所示：

Get-AzPublicIpAddress -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup | Select IpAddress

以 http://publicIpAddress/MyApp 的格式，在網頁瀏覽器中輸入負載平衡器的公用 IP 位址。負載平衡器會將流量散發至您的其中一個 VM 執行個體，如下列範例所示：

執行中的 IIS 網站

清除資源

若不再需要，您可以使用 Remove-AzResourceGroup 移除資源群組和擴展集。 -Force 參數會確認您想要刪除資源，而不另外對您提示將要進行此作業。 -AsJob 參數不會等待作業完成，就會將控制項傳回給提示字元。

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name "myResourceGroup" -Force -AsJob

下一步

在此快速入門中，您使用 ARM 範本建立了 Windows 擴展集，並使用 PowerShell DSC 延伸模組，在 VM 執行個體上安裝基本的 ASP.NET 應用程式。若要深入了解，請繼續執行有關於如何建立和管理 Azure 虛擬機器擴展集的教學課程。

建立和管理 Azure 虛擬機器擴展集

共用方式為