逐步解說：建立未繫結的 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項

發行項
09/27/2024

您可能經常需要顯示並非源自資料庫的表格式資料。例如，您可能會想要顯示二維字串陣列的內容。 DataGridView 類別提供簡單且具高度自訂性的方式，可以顯示資料而無須繫結至資料來源。此逐步解說示範如何填入 DataGridView 控制項，並在「未繫結」模式下管理資料列的新增和刪除。根據預設，使用者可以新增資料列。若要禁止新增資料列，請將 AllowUserToAddRows 屬性設定為 false。

若要將本主題中的程式碼複製為單一清單，請參閱操作說明：建立未繫結的 Windows Forms DataGridView 控制項。

建立表單

使用未繫結的 DataGridView 控制項

建立衍生自 Form 的類別，並包含下列變數宣告和 Main 方法。

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private Panel buttonPanel = new Panel();
    private DataGridView songsDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private Button addNewRowButton = new Button();
    private Button deleteRowButton = new Button();

Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private buttonPanel As New Panel
    Private WithEvents songsDataGridView As New DataGridView
    Private WithEvents addNewRowButton As New Button
    Private WithEvents deleteRowButton As New Button


    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }
}


    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.EnableVisualStyles()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

End Class

在表單的類別定義中實作 SetupLayout 方法，以設定表單的配置。

private void SetupLayout()
{
    this.Size = new Size(600, 500);

    addNewRowButton.Text = "Add Row";
    addNewRowButton.Location = new Point(10, 10);
    addNewRowButton.Click += new EventHandler(addNewRowButton_Click);

    deleteRowButton.Text = "Delete Row";
    deleteRowButton.Location = new Point(100, 10);
    deleteRowButton.Click += new EventHandler(deleteRowButton_Click);

    buttonPanel.Controls.Add(addNewRowButton);
    buttonPanel.Controls.Add(deleteRowButton);
    buttonPanel.Height = 50;
    buttonPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom;

    this.Controls.Add(this.buttonPanel);
}

Private Sub SetupLayout()

    Me.Size = New Size(600, 500)

    With addNewRowButton
        .Text = "Add Row"
        .Location = New Point(10, 10)
    End With

    With deleteRowButton
        .Text = "Delete Row"
        .Location = New Point(100, 10)
    End With

    With buttonPanel
        .Controls.Add(addNewRowButton)
        .Controls.Add(deleteRowButton)
        .Height = 50
        .Dock = DockStyle.Bottom
    End With

    Me.Controls.Add(Me.buttonPanel)

End Sub

建立 SetupDataGridView 方法以設定 DataGridView 資料行和屬性。

此方法會先將 DataGridView 控制項新增至表單的 Controls 集合。接著，使用 ColumnCount 屬性來設定要顯示的資料行數目。資料行標頭的預設樣式，可藉由設定 ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle 屬性所傳回之 DataGridViewCellStyle 的 BackColor、ForeColor 和 Font 屬性來設定。

系統會設定配置和外觀屬性，然後指派資料行名稱。此方法結束時，DataGridView 控制項即可供填入。

private void SetupDataGridView()
{
    this.Controls.Add(songsDataGridView);

    songsDataGridView.ColumnCount = 5;

    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.Navy;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.ForeColor = Color.White;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.Font =
        new Font(songsDataGridView.Font, FontStyle.Bold);

    songsDataGridView.Name = "songsDataGridView";
    songsDataGridView.Location = new Point(8, 8);
    songsDataGridView.Size = new Size(500, 250);
    songsDataGridView.AutoSizeRowsMode =
        DataGridViewAutoSizeRowsMode.DisplayedCellsExceptHeaders;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersBorderStyle =
        DataGridViewHeaderBorderStyle.Single;
    songsDataGridView.CellBorderStyle = DataGridViewCellBorderStyle.Single;
    songsDataGridView.GridColor = Color.Black;
    songsDataGridView.RowHeadersVisible = false;

    songsDataGridView.Columns[0].Name = "Release Date";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[1].Name = "Track";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[2].Name = "Title";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[3].Name = "Artist";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].Name = "Album";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].DefaultCellStyle.Font =
        new Font(songsDataGridView.DefaultCellStyle.Font, FontStyle.Italic);

    songsDataGridView.SelectionMode =
        DataGridViewSelectionMode.FullRowSelect;
    songsDataGridView.MultiSelect = false;
    songsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

    songsDataGridView.CellFormatting += new
        DataGridViewCellFormattingEventHandler(
        songsDataGridView_CellFormatting);
}

Private Sub SetupDataGridView()

    Me.Controls.Add(songsDataGridView)

    songsDataGridView.ColumnCount = 5
    With songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle
        .BackColor = Color.Navy
        .ForeColor = Color.White
        .Font = New Font(songsDataGridView.Font, FontStyle.Bold)
    End With

    With songsDataGridView
        .Name = "songsDataGridView"
        .Location = New Point(8, 8)
        .Size = New Size(500, 250)
        .AutoSizeRowsMode = _
            DataGridViewAutoSizeRowsMode.DisplayedCellsExceptHeaders
        .ColumnHeadersBorderStyle = DataGridViewHeaderBorderStyle.Single
        .CellBorderStyle = DataGridViewCellBorderStyle.Single
        .GridColor = Color.Black
        .RowHeadersVisible = False

        .Columns(0).Name = "Release Date"
        .Columns(1).Name = "Track"
        .Columns(2).Name = "Title"
        .Columns(3).Name = "Artist"
        .Columns(4).Name = "Album"
        .Columns(4).DefaultCellStyle.Font = _
            New Font(Me.songsDataGridView.DefaultCellStyle.Font, FontStyle.Italic)

        .SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.FullRowSelect
        .MultiSelect = False
        .Dock = DockStyle.Fill
    End With

End Sub

建立 PopulateDataGridView 方法，以將資料列新增至 DataGridView 控制項。

每個資料列分別代表一首歌及其相關資訊。

private void PopulateDataGridView()
{

    string[] row0 = { "11/22/1968", "29", "Revolution 9",
        "Beatles", "The Beatles [White Album]" };
    string[] row1 = { "1960", "6", "Fools Rush In",
        "Frank Sinatra", "Nice 'N' Easy" };
    string[] row2 = { "11/11/1971", "1", "One of These Days",
        "Pink Floyd", "Meddle" };
    string[] row3 = { "1988", "7", "Where Is My Mind?",
        "Pixies", "Surfer Rosa" };
    string[] row4 = { "5/1981", "9", "Can't Find My Mind",
        "Cramps", "Psychedelic Jungle" };
    string[] row5 = { "6/10/2003", "13",
        "Scatterbrain. (As Dead As Leaves.)",
        "Radiohead", "Hail to the Thief" };
    string[] row6 = { "6/30/1992", "3", "Dress", "P J Harvey", "Dry" };

    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row0);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row1);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row2);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row3);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row4);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row5);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row6);

    songsDataGridView.Columns[0].DisplayIndex = 3;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[1].DisplayIndex = 4;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[2].DisplayIndex = 0;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[3].DisplayIndex = 1;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].DisplayIndex = 2;
}

Private Sub PopulateDataGridView()

    Dim row0 As String() = {"11/22/1968", "29", "Revolution 9", _
        "Beatles", "The Beatles [White Album]"}
    Dim row1 As String() = {"1960", "6", "Fools Rush In", _
        "Frank Sinatra", "Nice 'N' Easy"}
    Dim row2 As String() = {"11/11/1971", "1", "One of These Days", _
        "Pink Floyd", "Meddle"}
    Dim row3 As String() = {"1988", "7", "Where Is My Mind?", _
        "Pixies", "Surfer Rosa"}
    Dim row4 As String() = {"5/1981", "9", "Can't Find My Mind", _
        "Cramps", "Psychedelic Jungle"}
    Dim row5 As String() = {"6/10/2003", "13", _
        "Scatterbrain. (As Dead As Leaves.)", _
        "Radiohead", "Hail to the Thief"}
    Dim row6 As String() = {"6/30/1992", "3", "Dress", "P J Harvey", "Dry"}

    With Me.songsDataGridView.Rows
        .Add(row0)
        .Add(row1)
        .Add(row2)
        .Add(row3)
        .Add(row4)
        .Add(row5)
        .Add(row6)
    End With

    With Me.songsDataGridView
        .Columns(0).DisplayIndex = 3
        .Columns(1).DisplayIndex = 4
        .Columns(2).DisplayIndex = 0
        .Columns(3).DisplayIndex = 1
        .Columns(4).DisplayIndex = 2
    End With

End Sub

公用程式方法就緒後，您可以連結事件處理常式。

您將處理 [新增] 和 [刪除] 按鈕的 Click 事件、表單的 Load 事件，以及 DataGridView 控制項的 CellFormatting 事件。

[新增] 按鈕的 Click 事件引發時，DataGridView 會新增空的新資料列。

[刪除] 按鈕的 Click 事件引發時，將會刪除選取的資料列 (除非那是新記錄的資料列)，讓使用者能夠新增資料列。此資料列一律是 DataGridView 控制項中的最後一個資料列。

表單的 Load 事件引發時，會呼叫 SetupLayout、SetupDataGridView 和 PopulateDataGridView 公用程式方法。

CellFormatting 事件引發時，Date 資料行中的每個儲存格都會格式化為較長的日期，除非儲存格的值無法剖析。

public Form1()
{
    this.Load += new EventHandler(Form1_Load);
}

private void Form1_Load(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    SetupLayout();
    SetupDataGridView();
    PopulateDataGridView();
}

private void songsDataGridView_CellFormatting(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs e)
{
    if (e != null)
    {
        if (this.songsDataGridView.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name == "Release Date")
        {
            if (e.Value != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    e.Value = DateTime.Parse(e.Value.ToString())
                        .ToLongDateString();
                    e.FormattingApplied = true;
                }
                catch (FormatException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid date.", e.Value.ToString());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

private void addNewRowButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    this.songsDataGridView.Rows.Add();
}

private void deleteRowButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows.Count > 0 &&
        this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows[0].Index !=
        this.songsDataGridView.Rows.Count - 1)
    {
        this.songsDataGridView.Rows.RemoveAt(
            this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows[0].Index);
    }
}

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load

    SetupLayout()
    SetupDataGridView()
    PopulateDataGridView()

End Sub

Private Sub songsDataGridView_CellFormatting(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs) _
    Handles songsDataGridView.CellFormatting

    If e IsNot Nothing Then

        If Me.songsDataGridView.Columns(e.ColumnIndex).Name = _
        "Release Date" Then
            If e.Value IsNot Nothing Then
                Try
                    e.Value = DateTime.Parse(e.Value.ToString()) _
                        .ToLongDateString()
                    e.FormattingApplied = True
                Catch ex As FormatException
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid date.", e.Value.ToString())
                End Try
            End If
        End If

    End If

End Sub

Private Sub addNewRowButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles addNewRowButton.Click

    Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.Add()

End Sub

Private Sub deleteRowButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles deleteRowButton.Click

    If Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows.Count > 0 AndAlso _
        Not Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows(0).Index = _
        Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.Count - 1 Then

        Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.RemoveAt( _
            Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows(0).Index)

    End If

End Sub

測試應用程式

您現在可以測試表單，以確保其如預期般運作。

測試表單

按 F5 執行應用程式。

您會看到 DataGridView 控制項顯示了 PopulateDataGridView 中列出的歌曲。您可以使用 [新增資料列] 按鈕來新增資料列，並且可使用 [刪除資料列] 按鈕來刪除選取的資料列。未繫結的 DataGridView 控制項是資料存放區，且其資料獨立於任何外部來源之外，例如 DataSet 或陣列。

後續步驟

此應用程式可讓您對 DataGridView 控制項的功能有基本了解。您可以透過數種方式自訂 DataGridView 控制項的外觀和行為：

變更框線和標頭樣式。如需詳細資訊，請參閱操作說明：變更 Windows Forms DataGridView 控制項中的框線和格線樣式。
啟用或限制使用者輸入 DataGridView 控制項。如需詳細資訊，請參閱操作說明：防止在 Windows Forms DataGridView 控制項中新增和刪除資料列，以及操作說明：使 Windows Forms DataGridView 控制項中的資料行成為唯讀。
檢查使用者輸入是否有資料庫相關錯誤。如需詳細資訊，請參閱逐步解說：處理 Windows Forms DataGridView 控制項中的資料輸入期間所發生的錯誤。
使用虛擬模式處理非常大的資料集。如需詳細資訊，請參閱逐步解說：在 Windows Forms DataGridView 控制項中實作虛擬模式。
自訂儲存格的外觀。如需詳細資訊，請參閱操作說明：在 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中自訂儲存格的外觀，以及操作說明：設定 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項的預設儲存格樣式。

共用方式為