如何：以程式碼模擬滑鼠和鍵盤事件

發行項
06/02/2023

Windows Form 提供以程式設計方式模擬滑鼠和鍵盤輸入的數個選項。本主題提供這些選項的概觀。

模擬滑鼠輸入

模擬滑鼠事件的最佳方式是呼叫 OnEventName 方法，這個方法會引發您要模擬的滑鼠事件。通常只有在自訂控制項和表單內才能使用這個選項，因為引發事件的方法會受到保護，而且無法在控制項或表單外進行存取。例如，下列步驟說明如何以程式碼模擬按一下滑鼠右鍵的動作。

以程式設計方式按一下滑鼠右鍵

建立 MouseEventArgs ，並將其 Button 屬性設定為 MouseButtons.Right 值。
呼叫 OnMouseClick 方法，並以這個 MouseEventArgs 做為引數。

如需自訂控制項的詳細資訊，請參閱在設計階段開發 Windows Form 控制項。

還有其他方式可以模擬滑鼠輸入。例如，您可以透過程式設計方式設定代表狀態的控制項屬性，這個狀態通常是透過滑鼠輸入來設定 (例如 Checked 控制項的 CheckBox 屬性)，您也可以直接呼叫附加至所要模擬之事件的委派。

模擬鍵盤輸入

除了可以使用上述用於滑鼠輸入的策略來模擬鍵盤輸入之外，Windows Form 還提供 SendKeys 類別，以便將按鍵動作傳送至作用中應用程式。

警告

如果您的應用程式是設計成可搭配國際上現有的各種鍵盤來使用，則使用 SendKeys.Send 可能會產生無法預期的結果，應該予以避免。

注意

SendKeys 類別已針對 .NET Framework 3.0 進行更新，以便能夠在 Windows Vista 上執行的應用程式中使用。 Windows Vista 的增強式安全性 (稱為使用者帳戶控制或 UAC) 會讓之前的實作無法如預期般運作。

SendKeys 類別容易受到時間問題的影響，某些開發人員必須解決這些問題。更新的實作仍然容易受到時間問題的影響，但是速度會稍微快一些，而且可能需要對解決方法進行變更。 SendKeys 類別會先嘗試使用之前的實作；如果失敗，則使用新的實作。因此， SendKeys 類別在不同的作業系統上可能會有不同的運作方式。此外，當 SendKeys 類別使用新的實作時， SendWait 方法不會在將訊息傳送至另一個處理序時，等候處理這些訊息。

如果不論作業系統為何，應用程式都需要一致的行為，您可以強制 SendKeys 類別使用新的實作，方式是將下列應用程式設定加入 app.config 檔中。

<appSettings>
 <add key="SendKeys" value="SendInput"/>
</appSettings>

若要強制 SendKeys 類別使用之前的實作，請改用 "JournalHook" 值。

將按鍵動作傳送至相同的應用程式

請呼叫 Send 類別的 SendWait 或 SendKeys 方法。應用程式的作用控制項會接收指定的按鍵動作。下列程式碼範例使用 Send 來模擬當使用者按兩下表單介面時，按下 ENTER 鍵的動作。這個範例假設 Form 含有一個定位點索引為 0 的 Button 控制項。

    // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
    // on the form.
private:
    void Form1_DoubleClick(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
    {
        // Send the enter key to the button, which triggers the click
        // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
        // the button is 0.
        SendKeys::Send("{ENTER}");
    }

// Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
// on the form.
private void Form1_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click
    // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
    // the button is 0.
    SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}");
}

' Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere 
' on the form.
Private Sub Form1_DoubleClick(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.DoubleClick

    ' Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click 
    ' event for the button. This works because the tab stop of 
    ' the button is 0.
    SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}")
End Sub

將按鍵動作傳送至不同的應用程式

啟動會接收按鍵動作的應用程式視窗，然後呼叫 Send 或 SendWait 方法。由於沒有可啟動另一個應用程式的 Managed 方法，因此您必須使用原生 Windows 方法強制將焦點放在其他應用程式上。下列程式碼範例使用平台叫用呼叫 FindWindow 和 SetForegroundWindow 方法，以啟動 [小算盤] 應用程式視窗，然後再呼叫 SendWait 對 [小算盤] 應用程式發出一連串計算。

注意

用於尋找 [小算盤] 應用程式之 FindWindow 呼叫的正確參數會隨您的 Windows 版本而異。下列程式碼會尋找 Windows 7 上的 [小算盤] 應用程式。在 Windows Vista 上，請將第一個參數變更為 "SciCalc"。您可以使用 Visual Studio 隨附的 Spy++ 工具來判斷正確的參數。

    // Get a handle to an application window.
public:
    [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet::Unicode)]
    static IntPtr FindWindow(String^ lpClassName, String^ lpWindowName);
public:
    // Activate an application window.
    [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
    static bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

    // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
private:
    void button1_Click(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
    {
        // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
        // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
        IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("CalcFrame", "Calculator");

        // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
        if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr::Zero)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("Calculator is not running.");
            return;
        }

        // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
        // a set of calculations.
        SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
        SendKeys::SendWait("111");
        SendKeys::SendWait("*");
        SendKeys::SendWait("11");
        SendKeys::SendWait("=");
    }

// Get a handle to an application window.
[DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName,
    string lpWindowName);

// Activate an application window.
[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

// Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
    // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
    IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("CalcFrame","Calculator");

    // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
    if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("Calculator is not running.");
        return;
    }

    // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
    // a set of calculations.
    SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
    SendKeys.SendWait("111");
    SendKeys.SendWait("*");
    SendKeys.SendWait("11");
    SendKeys.SendWait("=");
}

' Get a handle to an application window.
Declare Auto Function FindWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" ( _
    ByVal lpClassName As String, _
    ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr

' Activate an application window.
Declare Auto Function SetForegroundWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" _
    (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Boolean

' Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles button1.Click

    ' Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
    ' and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
    Dim calculatorHandle As IntPtr = FindWindow("CalcFrame", "Calculator")

    ' Verify that Calculator is a running process.
    If calculatorHandle = IntPtr.Zero Then
        MsgBox("Calculator is not running.")
        Return
    End If

    ' Make Calculator the foreground application and send it 
    ' a set of calculations.
    SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle)
    SendKeys.SendWait("111")
    SendKeys.SendWait("*")
    SendKeys.SendWait("11")
    SendKeys.SendWait("=")
End Sub

範例

下列程式碼範例是先前程式碼範例的完整應用。

#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>
#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

namespace SimulateKeyPress
{

    public ref class Form1 : public Form
    {
    public:
        Form1()
        {
            Button^ button1 = gcnew Button();
            button1->Location = Point(10, 10);
            button1->TabIndex = 0;
            button1->Text = "Click to automate Calculator";
            button1->AutoSize = true;
            button1->Click += gcnew EventHandler(this, &Form1::button1_Click);

            this->DoubleClick += gcnew EventHandler(this, 
                &Form1::Form1_DoubleClick);
            this->Controls->Add(button1);
        }

        // Get a handle to an application window.
    public:
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet::Unicode)]
        static IntPtr FindWindow(String^ lpClassName, String^ lpWindowName);
    public:
        // Activate an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
        static bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
    private:
        void button1_Click(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
        {
            // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("CalcFrame", "Calculator");

            // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr::Zero)
            {
                MessageBox::Show("Calculator is not running.");
                return;
            }

            // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
            // a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
            SendKeys::SendWait("111");
            SendKeys::SendWait("*");
            SendKeys::SendWait("11");
            SendKeys::SendWait("=");
        }

        // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
        // on the form.
    private:
        void Form1_DoubleClick(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
        {
            // Send the enter key to the button, which triggers the click
            // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
            // the button is 0.
            SendKeys::Send("{ENTER}");
        }
    };
}

[STAThread]
int main()
{
    Application::EnableVisualStyles();
    Application::Run(gcnew SimulateKeyPress::Form1());
}

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace SimulateKeyPress
{
    class Form1 : Form
    {
        private Button button1 = new Button();

        [STAThread]
        public static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }

        public Form1()
        {
            button1.Location = new Point(10, 10);
            button1.TabIndex = 0;
            button1.Text = "Click to automate Calculator";
            button1.AutoSize = true;
            button1.Click += new EventHandler(button1_Click);

            this.DoubleClick += new EventHandler(Form1_DoubleClick);
            this.Controls.Add(button1);
        }

        // Get a handle to an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName,
            string lpWindowName);

        // Activate an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
        public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("CalcFrame","Calculator");

            // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Calculator is not running.");
                return;
            }

            // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
            // a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
            SendKeys.SendWait("111");
            SendKeys.SendWait("*");
            SendKeys.SendWait("11");
            SendKeys.SendWait("=");
        }

        // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
        // on the form.
        private void Form1_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click
            // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
            // the button is 0.
            SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}");
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Namespace SimulateKeyPress

    Class Form1
        Inherits Form
        Private WithEvents button1 As New Button()

        <STAThread()> _
        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Application.EnableVisualStyles()
            Application.Run(New Form1())
        End Sub

        Public Sub New()
            button1.Location = New Point(10, 10)
            button1.TabIndex = 0
            button1.Text = "Click to automate Calculator"
            button1.AutoSize = True
            Me.Controls.Add(button1)
        End Sub

        ' Get a handle to an application window.
        Declare Auto Function FindWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" ( _
            ByVal lpClassName As String, _
            ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr

        ' Activate an application window.
        Declare Auto Function SetForegroundWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" _
            (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Boolean

        ' Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
        Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
            ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles button1.Click

            ' Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            ' and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            Dim calculatorHandle As IntPtr = FindWindow("CalcFrame", "Calculator")

            ' Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            If calculatorHandle = IntPtr.Zero Then
                MsgBox("Calculator is not running.")
                Return
            End If

            ' Make Calculator the foreground application and send it 
            ' a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle)
            SendKeys.SendWait("111")
            SendKeys.SendWait("*")
            SendKeys.SendWait("11")
            SendKeys.SendWait("=")
        End Sub

        ' Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere 
        ' on the form.
        Private Sub Form1_DoubleClick(ByVal sender As Object, _
            ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.DoubleClick

            ' Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click 
            ' event for the button. This works because the tab stop of 
            ' the button is 0.
            SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}")
        End Sub

    End Class
End Namespace

編譯程式碼

這個範例需要：

System、System.Drawing 和 System.Windows.Forms 組件的參考。

另請參閱

Windows Forms 中的使用者輸入

共用方式為