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CA2328:確定 JsonSerializerSettings 安全

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屬性 值
規則識別碼 CA2328
職稱 確定 JsonSerializerSettings 安全
類別 安全性
修正程式是中斷或非中斷 不中斷
預設在 .NET 9 中啟用 No

原因

當 Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings 實例的下列兩個條件可能成立時，就會引發此規則：

JsonSerializerSettings 實例必須以下列其中一種方式使用：

此規則類似於 CA2327，但在此情況下，分析無法明確判斷設定是否不安全。

根據預設，此規則會分析整個程式代碼基底，但這是可設定的。

檔案描述

還原序列化未受信任資料時，不安全的還原序列化程式會易受攻擊。 攻擊者可以修改序列化的資料，以包含非預期的型別，以插入具有惡意副作用的物件。 例如，對不安全還原串行化程式的攻擊可能會在基礎操作系統上執行命令、透過網路通訊或刪除檔案。

此規則會尋找 Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings 實例，這些實例可能設定為從輸入還原串行化指定的類型，但可能未設定為使用 Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.ISerializationBinder 來限制還原串行化類型。 如果您想要完全禁止從輸入完全還原串行化指定的類型，請停用規則 CA2327、CA2328、 CA2329 和 CA2330，並改為啟用規則 CA2326 。

如何修正違規

隱藏警告的時機

如果下列狀況，可以放心地隱藏此規則的警告：

  • 您知道輸入是受信任的。 請考慮應用程式的信任界限和數據流可能會隨著時間而變更。
  • 您已在如何修正違規中採取其中一項預防措施。
  • 您知道當 TypeNameHandling 屬性是 以外的None值時，一律會設定 Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings.SerializationBinder 屬性。

隱藏警告

如果您只想要隱藏單一違規，請將預處理器指示詞新增至原始程式檔以停用，然後重新啟用規則。

#pragma warning disable CA2328
// The code that's violating the rule is on this line.
#pragma warning restore CA2328

若要停用檔案、資料夾或項目的規則，請在組態檔中將其嚴重性設定為 。none

[*.{cs,vb}]
dotnet_diagnostic.CA2328.severity = none

如需詳細資訊，請參閱 如何隱藏程式代碼分析警告。

設定程式代碼以分析

使用下列選項來設定程式代碼基底要執行此規則的部分。

您可以只針對此規則、它套用的所有規則，或針對套用至此類別的所有規則（安全性）設定這些選項。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 程式代碼品質規則組態選項。

排除特定符號

您可以從分析中排除特定符號，例如類型和方法。 例如，若要指定規則不應該在名為 MyType的任何程式代碼上執行，請將下列機碼/值組新增至 專案中的 .editorconfig 檔案：

dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_symbol_names = MyType

選項值中允許的符號名稱格式（以 |分隔）：

  • 只包含符號名稱（包含名稱的所有符號，不論包含類型或命名空間為何）。
  • 符號 檔案識別碼格式的完整名稱。 每個符號名稱都需要符號種類前置詞，例如 M: 方法、 T: 類型和 N: 命名空間。
  • .ctor 用於建構函式和 .cctor 靜態建構函式。

範例：

選項值 摘要
dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_symbol_names = MyType 符合所有名為 MyType的符號。
dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_symbol_names = MyType1|MyType2 比對名為 MyType1 或 MyType2的所有符號。
dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_symbol_names = M:NS.MyType.MyMethod(ParamType) 比對特定方法 MyMethod 與指定的完整簽章。
dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_symbol_names = M:NS1.MyType1.MyMethod1(ParamType)|M:NS2.MyType2.MyMethod2(ParamType) 比對特定方法和MyMethod1MyMethod2個別的完整簽章。

排除特定類型及其衍生類型

您可以從分析中排除特定類型及其衍生類型。 例如，若要指定規則不應該在具名 MyType 類型及其衍生型別內的任何方法上執行，請將下列機碼/值組新增至 專案中的 .editorconfig 檔案：

dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_type_names_with_derived_types = MyType

選項值中允許的符號名稱格式（以 |分隔）：

  • 僅限類型名稱（包含名稱的所有類型，不論包含類型或命名空間為何）。
  • 符號 文件識別碼格式的完整名稱，具有選擇性 T: 前置詞。

範例：

選項值 摘要
dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_type_names_with_derived_types = MyType 比對所有具名 MyType 的類型及其所有衍生型別。
dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_type_names_with_derived_types = MyType1|MyType2 比對所有名為 MyType1 或 MyType2 的型別，以及其所有衍生型別。
dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_type_names_with_derived_types = M:NS.MyType 比對具有指定完整名稱的特定型 MyType 別及其所有衍生型別。
dotnet_code_quality.CAXXXX.excluded_type_names_with_derived_types = M:NS1.MyType1|M:NS2.MyType2 比對特定類型和MyType1MyType2個別的完整名稱，以及其所有衍生型別。

虛擬程式代碼範例

違規

using System;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization;

public class BookRecordSerializationBinder : ISerializationBinder
{
    // To maintain backwards compatibility with serialized data before using an ISerializationBinder.
    private static readonly DefaultSerializationBinder Binder = new DefaultSerializationBinder();

    public void BindToName(Type serializedType, out string assemblyName, out string typeName)
    {
        Binder.BindToName(serializedType, out assemblyName, out typeName);
    }

    public Type BindToType(string assemblyName, string typeName)
    {
        // If the type isn't expected, then stop deserialization.
        if (typeName != "BookRecord" && typeName != "AisleLocation" && typeName != "WarehouseLocation")
        {
            return null;
        }

        return Binder.BindToType(assemblyName, typeName);
    }
}

public class BookRecord
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public object Location { get; set; }
}

public abstract class Location
{
    public string StoreId { get; set; }
}

public class AisleLocation : Location
{
    public char Aisle { get; set; }
    public byte Shelf { get; set; }
}

public class WarehouseLocation : Location
{
    public string Bay { get; set; }
    public byte Shelf { get; set; }
}

public static class Binders
{
    public static ISerializationBinder BookRecord = new BookRecordSerializationBinder();
}

public class ExampleClass
{
    public BookRecord DeserializeBookRecord(string s)
    {
        JsonSerializerSettings settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
        settings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Auto;
        settings.SerializationBinder = Binders.BookRecord;
        return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<BookRecord>(s, settings);    // CA2328 -- settings might be null
    }
}

Imports System
Imports Newtonsoft.Json
Imports Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization

Public Class BookRecordSerializationBinder
    Implements ISerializationBinder

    ' To maintain backwards compatibility with serialized data before using an ISerializationBinder.
    Private Shared ReadOnly Property Binder As New DefaultSerializationBinder()

    Public Sub BindToName(serializedType As Type, ByRef assemblyName As String, ByRef typeName As String) Implements ISerializationBinder.BindToName
        Binder.BindToName(serializedType, assemblyName, typeName)
    End Sub

    Public Function BindToType(assemblyName As String, typeName As String) As Type Implements ISerializationBinder.BindToType
        ' If the type isn't expected, then stop deserialization.
        If typeName <> "BookRecord" AndAlso typeName <> "AisleLocation" AndAlso typeName <> "WarehouseLocation" Then
            Return Nothing
        End If

        Return Binder.BindToType(assemblyName, typeName)
    End Function
End Class

Public Class BookRecord
    Public Property Title As String
    Public Property Location As Location
End Class

Public MustInherit Class Location
    Public Property StoreId As String
End Class

Public Class AisleLocation
    Inherits Location

    Public Property Aisle As Char
    Public Property Shelf As Byte
End Class

Public Class WarehouseLocation
    Inherits Location

    Public Property Bay As String
    Public Property Shelf As Byte
End Class

Public Class Binders
    Public Shared Property BookRecord As ISerializationBinder = New BookRecordSerializationBinder()
End Class

Public Class ExampleClass
    Public Function DeserializeBookRecord(s As String) As BookRecord
        Dim settings As JsonSerializerSettings = New JsonSerializerSettings()
        settings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Auto
        settings.SerializationBinder = Binders.BookRecord
        Return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(Of BookRecord)(s, settings)   ' CA2328 -- settings might be Nothing
    End Function
End Class

解決方案

using System;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization;

public class BookRecordSerializationBinder : ISerializationBinder
{
    // To maintain backwards compatibility with serialized data before using an ISerializationBinder.
    private static readonly DefaultSerializationBinder Binder = new DefaultSerializationBinder();

    public void BindToName(Type serializedType, out string assemblyName, out string typeName)
    {
        Binder.BindToName(serializedType, out assemblyName, out typeName);
    }

    public Type BindToType(string assemblyName, string typeName)
    {
        // If the type isn't expected, then stop deserialization.
        if (typeName != "BookRecord" && typeName != "AisleLocation" && typeName != "WarehouseLocation")
        {
            return null;
        }

        return Binder.BindToType(assemblyName, typeName);
    }
}

public class BookRecord
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public object Location { get; set; }
}

public abstract class Location
{
    public string StoreId { get; set; }
}

public class AisleLocation : Location
{
    public char Aisle { get; set; }
    public byte Shelf { get; set; }
}

public class WarehouseLocation : Location
{
    public string Bay { get; set; }
    public byte Shelf { get; set; }
}

public static class Binders
{
    public static ISerializationBinder BookRecord = new BookRecordSerializationBinder();
}

public class ExampleClass
{
    public BookRecord DeserializeBookRecord(string s)
    {
        JsonSerializerSettings settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
        settings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Auto;

        // Ensure that SerializationBinder is non-null before deserializing
        settings.SerializationBinder = Binders.BookRecord ?? throw new Exception("Expected non-null");

        return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<BookRecord>(s, settings);
    }
}

Imports System
Imports Newtonsoft.Json
Imports Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization

Public Class BookRecordSerializationBinder
    Implements ISerializationBinder

    ' To maintain backwards compatibility with serialized data before using an ISerializationBinder.
    Private Shared ReadOnly Property Binder As New DefaultSerializationBinder()

    Public Sub BindToName(serializedType As Type, ByRef assemblyName As String, ByRef typeName As String) Implements ISerializationBinder.BindToName
        Binder.BindToName(serializedType, assemblyName, typeName)
    End Sub

    Public Function BindToType(assemblyName As String, typeName As String) As Type Implements ISerializationBinder.BindToType
        ' If the type isn't expected, then stop deserialization.
        If typeName <> "BookRecord" AndAlso typeName <> "AisleLocation" AndAlso typeName <> "WarehouseLocation" Then
            Return Nothing
        End If

        Return Binder.BindToType(assemblyName, typeName)
    End Function
End Class

Public Class BookRecord
    Public Property Title As String
    Public Property Location As Location
End Class

Public MustInherit Class Location
    Public Property StoreId As String
End Class

Public Class AisleLocation
    Inherits Location

    Public Property Aisle As Char
    Public Property Shelf As Byte
End Class

Public Class WarehouseLocation
    Inherits Location

    Public Property Bay As String
    Public Property Shelf As Byte
End Class

Public Class Binders
    Public Shared Property BookRecord As ISerializationBinder = New BookRecordSerializationBinder()
End Class

Public Class ExampleClass
    Public Function DeserializeBookRecord(s As String) As BookRecord
        Dim settings As JsonSerializerSettings = New JsonSerializerSettings()
        settings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Auto

        ' Ensure that SerializationBinder is non-null before deserializing
        settings.SerializationBinder = If(Binders.BookRecord, New Exception("Expected non-null"))

        Return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(Of BookRecord)(s, settings)
    End Function
End Class

CA2326:請勿使用「無」以外的 TypeNameHandling 值

CA2327:請勿使用不安全的 JsonSerializerSettings

CA2329:請勿使用不安全的組態來還原序列化 JsonSerializer

CA2330:在還原序列化時，請確認 JsonSerializer 有安全的組態