建立記憶體最佳化資料表和原生編譯的預存程序
本主題包含介紹記憶體中 OLTP 語法的範例。
此範例示範如何讓應用程式使用記憶體中的 OLTP。 其會為記憶體中的 OLTP 設定資料庫、建立記憶體最佳化資料表 (其中顯示 DURABILITY 選項)，然後建立原生編譯預存程序，以存取記憶體最佳化資料表中的資料。 下列步驟詳述于下列 Transact-SQL：
建立記憶體最佳化資料檔案群組並將容器加入至檔案群組。
建立記憶體最佳化資料表及索引 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 CREATE TABLE (TRANSACT-SQL)。
使用解譯的 Transact-SQL，將資料載入記憶體優化資料表，並在建立原生編譯預存程式之前更新統計資料。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 記憶體最佳化資料表的統計資料。
建立原生編譯的預存程序來存取記憶體最佳化資料表中的資料。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 CREATE PROCEDURE (Transact-SQL)。
視需要將現有資料表中的資料移轉至記憶體最佳化資料表。
如需如何使用 SQL Server Management Studio 建立記憶體最佳化資料表的資訊，請參閱 SQL Server Management Studio 對記憶體內部 OLTP 的支援。
下列程式碼範例需要名為 c:\Data 的目錄。
-- create a database with a memory-optimized filegroup and a container.
CREATE DATABASE imoltp
GO
ALTER DATABASE imoltp ADD FILEGROUP imoltp_mod CONTAINS MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA
ALTER DATABASE imoltp ADD FILE (name='imoltp_mod1', filename='c:\data\imoltp_mod1') TO FILEGROUP imoltp_mod
ALTER DATABASE imoltp SET MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_ELEVATE_TO_SNAPSHOT=ON
GO
USE imoltp
GO
-- create a durable (data will be persisted) memory-optimized table
-- two of the columns are indexed
CREATE TABLE dbo.ShoppingCart (
ShoppingCartId INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED,
UserId INT NOT NULL INDEX ix_UserId NONCLUSTERED HASH WITH (BUCKET_COUNT=1000000),
CreatedDate DATETIME2 NOT NULL,
TotalPrice MONEY
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON)
GO
-- create a non-durable table. Data will not be persisted, data loss if the server turns off unexpectedly
CREATE TABLE dbo.UserSession (
SessionId INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED HASH WITH (BUCKET_COUNT=400000),
UserId int NOT NULL,
CreatedDate DATETIME2 NOT NULL,
ShoppingCartId INT,
INDEX ix_UserId NONCLUSTERED HASH (UserId) WITH (BUCKET_COUNT=400000)
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON, DURABILITY=SCHEMA_ONLY)
GO
-- insert data into the tables
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (342, SYSDATETIME(), 4)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (65, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (8798, SYSDATETIME(), 1)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (80, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (4321, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.UserSession (UserId, CreatedDate, ShoppingCartId) VALUES (8578, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.ShoppingCart VALUES (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) (8798, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.ShoppingCart VALUES (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) (23, SYSDATETIME(), 45.4)
INSERT dbo.ShoppingCart VALUES (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) (80, SYSDATETIME(), NULL)
INSERT dbo.ShoppingCart VALUES (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) (342, SYSDATETIME(), 65.4)
GO
-- verify table contents
SELECT * FROM dbo.UserSession
SELECT * FROM dbo.ShoppingCart
GO
-- update statistics on memory-optimized tables
UPDATE STATISTICS dbo.UserSession WITH FULLSCAN, NORECOMPUTE
UPDATE STATISTICS dbo.ShoppingCart WITH FULLSCAN, NORECOMPUTE
GO
-- in an explicit transaction, assign a cart to a session and update the total price.
-- SELECT/UPDATE/DELETE statements in explicit transactions
BEGIN TRAN
UPDATE dbo.UserSession SET ShoppingCartId=3 WHERE SessionId=4
UPDATE dbo.ShoppingCart SET TotalPrice=65.84 WHERE ShoppingCartId=3
COMMIT
GO
-- verify table contents
SELECT *
FROM dbo.UserSession u
JOIN dbo.ShoppingCart s on u.ShoppingCartId=s.ShoppingCartId
WHERE u.SessionId=4
GO
-- natively compiled stored procedure for assigning a shopping cart to a session
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_AssignCart @SessionId int
WITH NATIVE_COMPILATION, SCHEMABINDING, EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS
BEGIN ATOMIC
WITH (TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL = SNAPSHOT, LANGUAGE = N'us_english')
DECLARE @UserId INT,
@ShoppingCartId INT
SELECT @UserId=UserId, @ShoppingCartId=ShoppingCartId
FROM dbo.UserSession WHERE SessionId=@SessionId
IF @UserId IS NULL
THROW 51000, N'The session or shopping cart does not exist.', 1
UPDATE dbo.UserSession SET ShoppingCartId=@ShoppingCartId WHERE SessionId=@SessionId
END
GO
EXEC usp_AssignCart 1
GO
-- natively compiled stored procedure for inserting a large number of rows
-- this demonstrates the performance of native procs
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_InsertSampleCarts @InsertCount int
WITH NATIVE_COMPILATION, SCHEMABINDING, EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS
BEGIN ATOMIC
WITH (TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL = SNAPSHOT, LANGUAGE = N'us_english')
DECLARE @i int = 0
WHILE @i < @InsertCount
BEGIN
INSERT INTO dbo.ShoppingCart (UserId, CreatedDate, TotalPrice) VALUES (1, SYSDATETIME() , NULL)
SET @i += 1
END
END
GO
-- insert 1,000,000 rows
EXEC usp_InsertSampleCarts 1000000
GO
---- verify the rows have been inserted
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.ShoppingCart
GO
-- sample memory-optimized tables for sales orders and sales order details
CREATE TABLE dbo.SalesOrders
(
so_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED,
cust_id INT NOT NULL,
so_date DATE NOT NULL INDEX ix_date NONCLUSTERED,
so_total MONEY NOT NULL,
INDEX ix_date_total NONCLUSTERED (so_date DESC, so_total DESC)
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON)
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.SalesOrderDetails
(
so_id INT NOT NULL,
lineitem_id INT NOT NULL,
product_id INT NOT NULL,
unitprice MONEY NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT PK_SOD PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (so_id,lineitem_id)
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON)
GO
-- memory-optimized table type for collecting sales order details
CREATE TYPE dbo.SalesOrderDetailsType AS TABLE
(
so_id INT NOT NULL,
lineitem_id INT NOT NULL,
product_id INT NOT NULL,
unitprice MONEY NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (so_id,lineitem_id)
) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED=ON)
GO
-- stored procedure that inserts a sales order, along with its details
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.InsertSalesOrder @so_id INT, @cust_id INT, @items dbo.SalesOrderDetailsType READONLY
WITH NATIVE_COMPILATION, SCHEMABINDING, EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS BEGIN ATOMIC WITH
(
TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL = SNAPSHOT,
LANGUAGE = N'us_english'
)
DECLARE @total MONEY
SELECT @total = SUM(unitprice) FROM @items
INSERT dbo.SalesOrders VALUES (so_id, cust_id, so_date, so_total) (@so_id, @cust_id, getdate(), @total)
INSERT dbo.SalesOrderDetails SELECT so_id, lineitem_id, product_id, unitprice FROM @items
END
GO
-- insert a sample sales order
DECLARE @so_id INT = 18,
@cust_id INT = 8,
@items dbo.SalesOrderDetailsType
INSERT @items VALUES
(@so_id, 1, 4, 43),
(@so_id, 2, 3, 3),
(@so_id, 3, 8, 453),
(@so_id, 4, 5, 76),
(@so_id, 5, 4, 43)
EXEC dbo.InsertSalesOrder @so_id, @cust_id, @items
GO
-- verify the content of the tables
SELECT
so.so_id,
so.so_date,
sod.lineitem_id,
sod.product_id,
sod.unitprice
FROM dbo.SalesOrders so JOIN dbo.SalesOrderDetails sod on so.so_id=sod.so_id
ORDER BY so.so_id, sod.lineitem_id