DTrace 程式碼範例
DTrace 支援 D 程式設計語言。 本主題提供 D 程式代碼範例。
如需 Windows 上 DTrace 的一般資訊，請參閱 DTrace。
如需 DTrace 的詳細資訊，請參閱 劍橋大學的 OpenDTrace 規格 1.0 版。
注意
在 18980 版和 Windows Server 組建 18975 之後，Windows 測試人員組建支援 DTrace。
其他範例腳本
適用於 Windows 案例的其他 D 腳本可在 DTrace 原始程式碼的範例目錄中取得。
https://github.com/microsoft/DTrace-on-Windows/tree/windows/samples/windows
有一組實用的 opentrace 工具組腳本可在 取得 https://github.com/opendtrace/toolkit。
依名稱的磁碟使用量
此文稿會提供指定可執行檔名稱的磁碟計數器。 可執行檔名稱會區分大小寫，而且會在腳本啟動時在命令行上提供。
#pragma D option quiet
#pragma D option destructive
intptr_t curptr;
struct nt`_EPROCESS *eprocess_ptr;
int found;
int firstpass;
BEGIN
{
curptr = (intptr_t) ((struct nt`_LIST_ENTRY *) (void*)&nt`PsActiveProcessHead)->Flink;
found = 0;
firstpass = 1;
bytesread = 0;
byteswrite = 0;
readcount = 0;
writecount = 0;
flushcount = 0;
}
tick-1ms
/found == 0/
{
/* use this for pointer parsing */
if (found == 0)
{
eprocess_ptr = (struct nt`_EPROCESS *)(curptr - offsetof(nt`_EPROCESS, ActiveProcessLinks));
processid = (string) eprocess_ptr->ImageFileName;
if ($1 == processid)
{
found = 1;
}
else
{
curptr = (intptr_t) ((struct nt`_LIST_ENTRY *) (void*)curptr)->Flink;
}
}
}
tick-2s
{
system ("cls");
if (found == 1)
{
if (firstpass)
{
firstpass = 0;
bytesread = (unsigned long long) eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->BytesRead;
byteswrite = (unsigned long long) eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->BytesWritten;
readcount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->ReadOperationCount;
writecount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->WriteOperationCount;
flushcount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->FlushOperationCount;
}
else
{
bytesread = (unsigned long long) (eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->BytesRead - bytesread);
byteswrite = (unsigned long long) (eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->BytesWritten - byteswrite);
readcount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->ReadOperationCount - readcount;
writecount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->WriteOperationCount - writecount;
flushcount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->FlushOperationCount - flushcount;
printf("*** Reports disk read/write every second *** \n");
printf("Process name: %s\n", eprocess_ptr->ImageFileName);
printf("Process Id: %d\n", (int) eprocess_ptr->UniqueProcessId);
printf("Bytes Read %llu \n", (unsigned long long) bytesread);
printf("Bytes Written %llu \n", (unsigned long long) byteswrite);
printf("Read Operation Count %d \n", readcount);
printf("Write Operation Count %d \n",writecount);
printf("Flush Operation Count %d \n", flushcount);
bytesread = (unsigned long long) eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->BytesRead;
byteswrite = (unsigned long long) eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->BytesWritten;
readcount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->ReadOperationCount;
writecount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->WriteOperationCount;
flushcount = eprocess_ptr->DiskCounters->FlushOperationCount;
}
}
else
{
printf("No matching process found for %s \n", $1);
exit(0);
}
}
將檔案儲存為 diskuagebyname.d，並使用 -s 選項來執行測試腳本。 提供所需 exe 的區分大小寫名稱，例如 記事本.exe
C:\>dtrace -s diskusagebyname.d Notepad.exe
*** Reports disk read/write every second ***
Process name: Notepad.exe
Process Id: 6012
Bytes Read 0
Bytes Written 0
Read Operation Count 0
Write Operation Count 0
Flush Operation Count 0
*** Reports disk read/write every second ***
Process name: cmd.exe
Process Id: 4428
Bytes Read 18446744073709480960
Bytes Written 18446744073709522944
Read Operation Count -5
Write Operation Count -7
Flush Operation Count 0
若要保留執行中的磁碟活動記錄，請將命令重新導向至文本檔，如下所示。
C:\>dtrace -s diskusagebyname.d Notepad.exe>>diskstats.txt
傾印記憶體使用量
在某些診斷案例中，需要傾印核心結構以了解情況。 此程式代碼示範傾印系統記憶體使用量的範例。 下列 D 腳稿每隔 3 秒會引發定時器探查，並重新整理系統記憶體使用量。
#pragma D option quiet
#pragma D option destructive
tick-3s
{
system ("cls");
this->pp = ((struct nt`_MI_PARTITION *) &nt`MiSystemPartition);
printf("***** Printing System wide page information ******* \n");
printf( "Total Pages Entire Node: %u MB \n", this->pp->Core.NodeInformation->TotalPagesEntireNode*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Total Available Pages: %u Mb \n", this->pp->Vp.AvailablePages*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Total ResAvail Pages: %u Mb \n", this->pp->Vp.ResidentAvailablePages*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Total Shared Commit: %u Mb \n", this->pp->Vp.SharedCommit*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Total Pages for PagingFile: %u Mb \n", this->pp->Vp.TotalPagesForPagingFile*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Modified Pages : %u Mb \n", this->pp->Vp.ModifiedPageListHead.Total*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Modified No Write Page Count : %u Mb \n", this->pp->Vp.ModifiedNoWritePageListHead.Total*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Bad Page Count : %d Mb \n", this->pp->PageLists.BadPageListHead.Total*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Zero Page Count : %d Mb \n", this->pp->PageLists.ZeroedPageListHead.Total*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Free Page Count : %d Mb \n", this->pp->PageLists.FreePageListHead.Total*4096/(1024*1024));
/********** Printing Commit info ******************/
this->commit = ((struct nt`_MI_PARTITION_COMMIT ) ((struct nt`_MI_PARTITION *) &nt`MiSystemPartition)->Commit);
printf("***** Printing Commit Info ******* \n");
printf("Total Committed Pages: %u Mb \n", this->pp->Vp.TotalCommittedPages*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Total Commit limit: %u Mb \n", this->pp->Vp.TotalCommitLimit*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Peak Commitment: %u Mb \n", this->commit.PeakCommitment*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("Low Commit Threshold: %u Mb \n", this->commit.LowCommitThreshold*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("High Commit Threshold: %u Mb \n", this->commit.HighCommitThreshold*4096/(1024*1024));
printf("System Commit Reserve: %u Mb \n", this->commit.SystemCommitReserve*4096/(1024*1024));
}
將檔案儲存為 dumpmemoryusage.d。
此範例會使用符號，因此請設定安裝中所討論的符號路徑。
set _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=srv*C:\symbols*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols
使用 -s 選項來執行測試文本。
C:\>dtrace -s dumpmemoryusage.d
***** Printing System wide page information *******
Total Pages Entire Node: 2823 MB
Total Available Pages: 622 Mb
Total ResAvail Pages: 2369 Mb
Total Shared Commit: 166 Mb
Total Pages for PagingFile: 30 Mb
Modified Pages : 30 Mb
Modified No Write Page Count : 0 Mb
Bad Page Count : 0 Mb
Zero Page Count : 7 Mb
Free Page Count : 0 Mb
***** Printing Commit Info *******
Total Committed Pages: 2401 Mb
Total Commit limit: 4551 Mb
Peak Commitment: 2989 Mb
Low Commit Threshold: 3413 Mb
High Commit Threshold: 4295 Mb
System Commit Reserve: 5 Mb
此程序的設計目的是要繼續監視記憶體使用量。 按 CTRL+C 結束。
識別活動的堆積空閒時間明細
此範例會將 RtlFreeHeap 函式分解為子函式，並顯示執行這些函式所花費的時間上限。
/* Mark script destructive as we call "cls" in the tick-1sec provider*/
#pragma D option destructive
/* Program to calculate time taken in RtlFreeHeap function. Hit Ctrl-C to break. */
dtrace:::BEGIN
{
counter1 = 0;
}
tick-1sec
{
system ("cls");
printf("count of function hit = %d << Press Ctrl-C to exit >> \n", counter1);
}
/* Instrument entry of RtlFreeHeap*/
pid$1:ntdll:RtlFreeHeap:entry
{
/* self is thread local */
self->ts = timestamp;
self->depth = 0;
counter1++;
}
pid$1:ntdll:RtlFreeHeap:return
/self->ts/
{
this->ts = timestamp - self->ts;
@disttime = quantize(this->ts);
@funcName[probemod,probefunc] = max(this->ts);
self->ts = 0;
}
pid$1:::entry
/ self->ts /
{
self->functime[self->depth] = timestamp;
self->depth++;
}
pid$1:::return
/ self->ts /
{
if (self->depth > 0)
{
self->depth--;
/* this is a local scope */
this->ts = timestamp - self->functime[self->depth];
@funcName[probemod,probefunc] = max(this->ts);
}
}
END
{
system ("cls");
/* Print overall time distribution for RtlFreeHeap */
printa (@disttime);
/* Print top 15 functions along with average time spent executing them */
trunc (@funcName, 15);
printa( @funcName);
}
將檔案儲存為堆積free.d。
此腳本會採用進程標識碼或 PID。 若要測試文稿，請在命令提示字元執行工作清單，並找出所需的 PID。
C:\>tasklist
Image Name PID Session Name Session# Mem Usage
========================= ======== ================ =========== ============
System Idle Process 0 Services 0 8 K
System 4 Services 0 108 K
Registry 72 Services 0 35,576 K
...
Notepad.exe 7944 31C5CE94259D4006 2 20,736 K
將 PID 指定為參數，並使用 -s 選項執行測試腳本，如下所示。
C:\>dtrace -s heapfree.d 7944
count of function hit = 28 <<Press Ctrl-C to exit>>
執行與 PID 相關聯之程式感興趣的工作，例如輸入 記事本 或變更字型。
按CRTL-C並顯示堆積使用量以及堆疊資訊。
value ------------- Distribution ------------- count
4096 | 0
8192 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 23
16384 |@@@@@@ 4
32768 | 0
65536 | 0
131072 |@ 1
262144 | 0
ntdll RtlTryEnterCriticalSection 9444
ntdll RtlGetCurrentServiceSessionId 12302
ntdll RtlFreeHeap 151354
記憶體集區追蹤
注意：使用 aggsortkeypos 變數集執行此腳本。 此變數會通知 D-Trace 根據第一個索引 （size） 排序輸出。
使用方式：
dtrace -s <script.d> <Time> <Tag> -x aggsortkey -x aggsortkeypos=1
追蹤 KSec 流失的範例：dtrace -s PoolTrackingSummary.d “120s” 0x6365734b -x aggsortkey -x aggsortkeypos=1
此值 <Tag> 是記憶體集區標記的編碼 ASCII 值。 例如，若要編碼 nt 文件系統的標籤 - NtFf，請先反轉兩組字母，它會是 fFtN。 將 ASCII 字元轉換成十六進位會是 46 66 74 4e，或0x4666744e作為程式的參數。
另一個範例是轉換 Ksec。
首先反轉字母的順序：cesK
然後將這些字元轉換成十六進位、63 65 73 4b 或0x6365734b作為程序的參數。
請注意，大寫小寫對於比對集區標籤很重要。
輸出：腳本會執行 120 秒，並輸出 KSec 配置/免費摘要。 您可以將此設定為任何必要時間。
#pragma D option destructive
#pragma D option quiet
#pragma D option dynvarsize=240m
#pragma D option bufsize=120m
#pragma D option aggsize=120m
fbt:nt:ExAllocatePoolWithTag:entry
{
/* This is E100 in reserve. Convert ASCII to Hex => Hex('001E').*/
if (arg2 == $2)
{
self->size = (unsigned int) arg1;
@allocstack[stack(), self->size] = count();
}
}
fbt:nt:ExAllocatePoolWithTag:return
/self->size/
{
@mem[(uintptr_t) arg1] = sum(1);
addr[(uintptr_t) arg1] = 1;
/* printf("%Y: Execname %s allocated size %d bytes return ptr %x", walltimestamp, execname, (uint64_t) self->size, (uintptr_t) arg1 );*/
size[(uintptr_t) arg1] = self->size;
@sizealloc[self->size] = count();
@delta[self->size] = sum(1);
self->size = 0;
}
fbt:nt:ExFreePoolWithTag:entry
/addr[(uintptr_t) arg0]/
{
@mem[(uintptr_t) arg0] = sum (-1);
addr[(uintptr_t) arg0] -= 1;
@sizefree[size[(uintptr_t) arg0]] = count();
@delta[size[(uintptr_t) arg0]] = sum(-1);
}
tick-$1
{
exit(0);
}
END
{
printf("%10s %10s %10s %10s\n", "SIZE", "ALLOC", "FREE", "DELTA");
printa("%10d %@10d %@10d %@10d\n", @sizealloc, @sizefree, @delta);
printf("Printing stacks \n");
printa (@allocstack);
printf("== REPORT ==\n\n");
printa("0x%x => %@u\n",@mem);
}
將檔案儲存為 pooltrackingsummary.d，並使用 -s 選項來執行測試腳本，並提供上述的標記值和其他參數。
120s 選項，程式會執行兩分鐘。 在此期間，請使用 Windows 來練習受監視的記憶體集區。 例如，載入和卸除網頁瀏覽器或其他程式。
C:\>dtrace -s pooltrackingsummary.d "120s" 0x4666744e -x aggsortkey -x aggsortkeypos=1
SIZE ALLOC FREE DELTA
1552 16 0 16
Printing stacks
Ntfs.sys`NtfsCreateFcb+0x388
Ntfs.sys`NtfsCreateNewFile+0xaa8
Ntfs.sys`NtfsCommonCreate+0x2303
Ntfs.sys`NtfsFsdCreate+0x284
nt`IofCallDriver+0x55
FLTMGR.SYS`FltpLegacyProcessingAfterPreCallbacksCompleted+0x1b9
FLTMGR.SYS`FltpCreate+0x324
nt`IofCallDriver+0x55
nt`IoCallDriverWithTracing+0x34
nt`IopParseDevice+0x6ac
nt`ObpLookupObjectName+0x3fe
nt`ObOpenObjectByNameEx+0x1fa
nt`IopCreateFile+0x40f
nt`NtCreateFile+0x79
nt`KiSystemServiceCopyEnd+0x38
1552 3
Ntfs.sys`NtfsCreateFcb+0x388
Ntfs.sys`NtfsOpenFile+0x2d7
Ntfs.sys`NtfsCommonCreate+0x25a8
Ntfs.sys`NtfsFsdCreate+0x284
nt`IofCallDriver+0x55
FLTMGR.SYS`FltpLegacyProcessingAfterPreCallbacksCompleted+0x1b9
FLTMGR.SYS`FltpCreate+0x324
nt`IofCallDriver+0x55
nt`IoCallDriverWithTracing+0x34
nt`IopParseDevice+0x6ac
nt`ObpLookupObjectName+0x3fe
nt`ObOpenObjectByNameEx+0x1fa
nt`IopCreateFile+0x40f
nt`NtCreateFile+0x79
nt`KiSystemServiceCopyEnd+0x38
1552 4
Ntfs.sys`NtfsCreateFcb+0x388
Ntfs.sys`NtfsOpenFile+0x2d7
Ntfs.sys`NtfsCommonCreate+0x25a8
Ntfs.sys`NtfsFsdCreate+0x284
nt`IofCallDriver+0x55
FLTMGR.SYS`FltpLegacyProcessingAfterPreCallbacksCompleted+0x1b9
FLTMGR.SYS`FltpCreate+0x324
nt`IofCallDriver+0x55
nt`IoCallDriverWithTracing+0x34
nt`IopParseDevice+0x6ac
nt`ObpLookupObjectName+0x3fe
nt`ObOpenObjectByNameEx+0x1fa
nt`IopCreateFile+0x40f
nt`NtOpenFile+0x58
nt`KiSystemServiceCopyEnd+0x38
1552 3
...
== REPORT ==
0xffffd304c98dd380 => 1
0xffffd304cc4655a0 => 1
0xffffd304cccf15a0 => 1
0xffffd304ccdeb990 => 1
0xffffd304ce048760 => 1
0xffffd304cf1ee990 => 1
0xffffd304d0473010 => 1
0xffffd304d12075a0 => 1
0xffffd304d14135a0 => 1
0xffffd304d1674010 => 1
0xffffd304d33b3660 => 1
0xffffd304d3b29010 => 1
0xffffd304d42c6010 => 1
0xffffd304d48b2010 => 1
0xffffd304de1fa5f0 => 1
0xffffd304e1ad56a0 => 1
比較 GUID
雖然 DTrace 原生不支援 GUID，但您可以建立結構，如此範例程式代碼所示，以使用這些結構。 以下是如何比較 GUID 的範例。
nt`_GUID guidcmp;
/* Sleep After GUID: 29f6c1db-86da-48c5-9fdb-f2b67b1f44da */
dtrace:::BEGIN
{
printf("Begin\n");
guidcmp.Data1 = 0x29f6c1db;
guidcmp.Data2 = 0x86da;
guidcmp.Data3 = 0x48c5;
guidcmp.Data4[0] = 0x9f;
guidcmp.Data4[1] = 0xdb;
guidcmp.Data4[2] = 0xf2;
guidcmp.Data4[3] = 0xb6;
guidcmp.Data4[4] = 0x7b;
guidcmp.Data4[5] = 0x1f;
guidcmp.Data4[6] = 0x44;
guidcmp.Data4[7] = 0xda;
}
pid$target:PowrProf:PowerReadACValueIndexEx:entry
{
cidstr = (nt`_GUID *) (copyin(arg2, sizeof(nt`_GUID)));
printf("\nPrinting GUID to compare\n");
print(guidcmp);
printf("\nPrinting GUID received \n");
print(*cidstr);
if ( (cidstr->Data1 == guidcmp.Data1) &&
(cidstr->Data2 == guidcmp.Data2) &&
(cidstr->Data3 == guidcmp.Data3) &&
(cidstr->Data4[0] == guidcmp.Data4[0]) &&
(cidstr->Data4[1] == guidcmp.Data4[1]) &&
(cidstr->Data4[2] == guidcmp.Data4[2]) &&
(cidstr->Data4[3] == guidcmp.Data4[3]) &&
(cidstr->Data4[4] == guidcmp.Data4[4]) &&
(cidstr->Data4[5] == guidcmp.Data4[5]) &&
(cidstr->Data4[6] == guidcmp.Data4[6]) &&
(cidstr->Data4[7] == guidcmp.Data4[7]) )
{
printf("GUID matched \n");
}
else
{
printf("No match");
}
}
dtrace:::END
{
printf("End\n");
}
將檔案儲存為 comparequid.d，並使用 -s 選項來執行測試腳本，並提供如下所示的參數。
C:\Windows\system32>dtrace -s compareguid.d -c "powercfg /qh scheme_current sub_sleep standbyidle"
dtrace: script 'compareguid.d' matched 9 probes
CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME
0 1 :BEGIN Begin
Power Scheme GUID: 381b4222-f694-41f0-9685-ff5bb260df2e (Balanced)
GUID Alias: SCHEME_BALANCED
Subgroup GUID: 238c9fa8-0aad-41ed-83f4-97be242c8f20 (Sleep)
GUID Alias: SUB_SLEEP
Power Setting GUID: 29f6c1db-86da-48c5-9fdb-f2b67b1f44da (Sleep after)
GUID Alias: STANDBYIDLE
Minimum Possible Setting: 0x00000000
Maximum Possible Setting: 0xffffffff
Possible Settings increment: 0x00000001
Possible Settings units: Seconds
Current AC Power Setting Index: 0x00000708
Current DC Power Setting Index: 0x00000384
dtrace: pid 7560 has exited
0 42695 PowerReadACValueIndexEx:entry
Printing GUID to compare
struct _GUID {
UInt32 Data1 = 0x29f6c1db
UInt16 Data2 = 0x86da
UInt16 Data3 = 0x48c5
UInt8 [8] Data4 = [ 0x9f, 0xdb, 0xf2, 0xb6, 0x7b, 0x1f, 0x44, 0xda ]
}
Printing GUID received
struct _GUID {
UInt32 Data1 = 0x29f6c1db
UInt16 Data2 = 0x86da
UInt16 Data3 = 0x48c5
UInt8 [8] Data4 = [ 0x9f, 0xdb, 0xf2, 0xb6, 0x7b, 0x1f, 0x44, 0xda ]
}
0 42695 PowerReadACValueIndexEx:entry GUID matched