GetEffectiveRightsFromAclA 函式（aclapi.h）

發行項
11/20/2024

[GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl 可用於需求一節中指定的操作系統。後續版本可能會變更或無法使用。請改用下列範例中示範的方法。]

GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl 函式會擷取 ACL 結構授與指定信任項的有效訪問許可權。受託人的有效訪問許可權是 ACL 授與受託人或任何受託人群組成員的訪問許可權。

語法

DWORD GetEffectiveRightsFromAclA(
  [in]  PACL         pacl,
  [in]  PTRUSTEE_A   pTrustee,
  [out] PACCESS_MASK pAccessRights
);

參數

[in] pacl

ACL 結構的指標，可從中取得受託人的有效訪問許可權。

[in] pTrustee

識別信任項之信任項結構的指標。信任者可以是使用者、群組或程式（例如 Windows 服務）。您可以使用名稱或安全性識別碼（SID）來識別信任者。

[out] pAccessRights

ACCESS_MASK 變數的指標，可接收受託人的有效訪問許可權。

傳回值

如果函式成功，函式會傳回ERROR_SUCCESS。

如果函式失敗，它會傳回 WinError.h 中定義的非零錯誤碼。

言論

GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl 函式會檢查訪問控制清單中所有允許和拒絕存取的訪問控制專案，訪問控制清單（ACL）中，以判斷受託人的有效許可權。對於允許或拒絕群組許可權的所有 ACE，GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl 列舉群組的成員，以判斷信任項是否為成員。如果函式無法列舉群組的成員，函式會傳回錯誤。

信任者的群組許可權是由本機計算機上的 GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl 所列舉，即使信任項正在遠端電腦上存取物件也一樣。此函式不會評估遠端電腦上的群組許可權。

GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl 函式不會考慮下列事項：

判斷有效許可權時，針對對象的擁有者隱含授與訪問許可權，例如READ_CONTROL和WRITE_DAC。
在決定有效訪問許可權時，受託人持有的許可權。
在判斷有效訪問許可權時，與登入會話相關聯的群組許可權，例如互動式、網路、已驗證的使用者等等。
Resource Manager 原則。例如，對於檔案物件，即使父代已拒絕，也可以由父代提供Delete和Read屬性。

GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl 函式失敗，如果指定的 ACL 包含繼承的拒絕存取 ACE，則會傳回 ERROR_INVALID_ACL。

例子

下列範例示範如何使用 Authz API，從 ACL 取得有效的訪問許可權。


//  Copyright (C) Microsoft. All rights reserved.

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <aclapi.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <strsafe.h> // for proper buffer handling
#include <authz.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "authz.lib")

LPTSTR lpServerName = NULL;


PSID ConvertNameToBinarySid(LPTSTR pAccountName)
{
   LPTSTR pDomainName = NULL;
   DWORD dwDomainNameSize = 0;
   PSID pSid = NULL;
   DWORD dwSidSize = 0;
   SID_NAME_USE sidType;
   BOOL fSuccess = FALSE;
   HRESULT hr = S_OK;

   __try
   {
      LookupAccountName(
            lpServerName,      // look up on local system
            pAccountName,
            pSid,              // buffer to receive name
            &dwSidSize,
            pDomainName,
            &dwDomainNameSize,
            &sidType);
      
      //  If the Name cannot be resolved, LookupAccountName will fail with
      //  ERROR_NONE_MAPPED.
      if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NONE_MAPPED)
      {
         wprintf_s(_T("LookupAccountName failed with %d\n"), GetLastError());
         __leave;
      }
      else if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
      {
         pSid = (LPTSTR)LocalAlloc(LPTR, dwSidSize * sizeof(TCHAR));
         if (pSid == NULL)
         {
            wprintf_s(_T("LocalAlloc failed with %d\n"), GetLastError());
            __leave;
         }

         pDomainName = (LPTSTR)LocalAlloc(LPTR, dwDomainNameSize * sizeof(TCHAR));
         if (pDomainName == NULL)
         {
            wprintf_s(_T("LocalAlloc failed with %d\n"), GetLastError());
            __leave;
         }

         if (!LookupAccountName(
               lpServerName,      // look up on local system
               pAccountName,
               pSid,              // buffer to receive name
               &dwSidSize,
               pDomainName,
               &dwDomainNameSize,
               &sidType))
         {
            wprintf_s(_T("LookupAccountName failed with %d\n"), GetLastError());
            __leave;
         }
      }
      
      //  Any other error code
      else
      {
         wprintf_s(_T("LookupAccountName failed with %d\n"), GetLastError());
         __leave;
      }

      fSuccess = TRUE;
   }
   __finally
   {
      if(pDomainName != NULL)
      {
          LocalFree(pDomainName);
          pDomainName = NULL;
      }
      
      //  Free pSid only if failed;
      //  otherwise, the caller has to free it after use.
      if (fSuccess == FALSE)
      {
         if(pSid != NULL)
      {
          LocalFree(pSid);
          pSid = NULL;
      }
      }
   }

   return pSid;
}


void DisplayError(char* pszAPI, DWORD dwError)
{
   LPVOID lpvMessageBuffer;

   if (!FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
              GetModuleHandle(L"Kernel32.dll"), dwError, 
              MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),  // the user default language
              (LPTSTR)&lpvMessageBuffer, 0, NULL))
   {
      wprintf_s(L"FormatMessage failed with %d\n", GetLastError());
      ExitProcess(GetLastError());
   }

   //  ...now display this string.
   wprintf_s(L"ERROR: API        = %s.\n", (char *)pszAPI);
   wprintf_s(L"       error code = %08X.\n", dwError);
   wprintf_s(L"       message    = %s.\n", (char *)lpvMessageBuffer);

   //  Free the buffer allocated by the system.
   LocalFree(lpvMessageBuffer);

   ExitProcess(GetLastError());
}

void DisplayAccessMask(ACCESS_MASK Mask)
{
      // This evaluation of the ACCESS_MASK is an example. 
      // Applications should evaluate the ACCESS_MASK as necessary.

   wprintf_s(L"Effective Allowed Access Mask : %8X\n", Mask);
   if (((Mask & GENERIC_ALL) == GENERIC_ALL)
      || ((Mask & FILE_ALL_ACCESS) == FILE_ALL_ACCESS))
   {
         wprintf_s(L"Full Control\n");
         return;
   }
   if (((Mask & GENERIC_READ) == GENERIC_READ)
      || ((Mask & FILE_GENERIC_READ) == FILE_GENERIC_READ))
         wprintf_s(L"Read\n");
   if (((Mask & GENERIC_WRITE) == GENERIC_WRITE)
      || ((Mask & FILE_GENERIC_WRITE) == FILE_GENERIC_WRITE))
         wprintf_s(L"Write\n");
   if (((Mask & GENERIC_EXECUTE) == GENERIC_EXECUTE)
      || ((Mask & FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE) == FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE))
         wprintf_s(L"Execute\n");

}

void GetAccess(AUTHZ_CLIENT_CONTEXT_HANDLE hAuthzClient, PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR psd)
{
   AUTHZ_ACCESS_REQUEST AccessRequest = {0};
   AUTHZ_ACCESS_REPLY AccessReply = {0};
   BYTE     Buffer[1024];
   BOOL bRes = FALSE;  // assume error

   //  Do AccessCheck.
   AccessRequest.DesiredAccess = MAXIMUM_ALLOWED;
   AccessRequest.PrincipalSelfSid = NULL;
   AccessRequest.ObjectTypeList = NULL;
   AccessRequest.ObjectTypeListLength = 0;
   AccessRequest.OptionalArguments = NULL; 

   RtlZeroMemory(Buffer, sizeof(Buffer));
   AccessReply.ResultListLength = 1;
   AccessReply.GrantedAccessMask = (PACCESS_MASK) (Buffer);
   AccessReply.Error = (PDWORD) (Buffer + sizeof(ACCESS_MASK));


   if (!AuthzAccessCheck( 0,
                          hAuthzClient,
                          &AccessRequest,
                          NULL,
                          psd,
                          NULL,
                          0,
                          &AccessReply,
                          NULL) ) {
      wprintf_s(_T("AuthzAccessCheck failed with %d\n"), GetLastError());
   }
   else 
      DisplayAccessMask(*(PACCESS_MASK)(AccessReply.GrantedAccessMask));

   return;
}

BOOL GetEffectiveRightsForUser(AUTHZ_RESOURCE_MANAGER_HANDLE hManager,
                               PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR psd,
                                      LPTSTR lpszUserName)
{
   PSID pSid = NULL;
   BOOL bResult = FALSE;
   LUID unusedId = { 0 };
   AUTHZ_CLIENT_CONTEXT_HANDLE hAuthzClientContext = NULL;

   pSid = ConvertNameToBinarySid(lpszUserName);
   if (pSid != NULL)
   {
      bResult = AuthzInitializeContextFromSid(0,
         pSid,
         hManager,
         NULL,
         unusedId,
         NULL,
         &hAuthzClientContext);
      if (bResult)
      {
         GetAccess(hAuthzClientContext, psd);
         AuthzFreeContext(hAuthzClientContext);
      }
      else
         wprintf_s(_T("AuthzInitializeContextFromSid failed with %d\n"), GetLastError());
   }
    if(pSid != NULL)
      {
          LocalFree(pSid);
          pSid = NULL;
      }

   return bResult;
}

void UseAuthzSolution(PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR psd, LPTSTR lpszUserName)
{
   AUTHZ_RESOURCE_MANAGER_HANDLE hManager;
   BOOL bResult = FALSE;

   bResult = AuthzInitializeResourceManager(AUTHZ_RM_FLAG_NO_AUDIT,
      NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &hManager);
   if (bResult)
   {
      bResult = GetEffectiveRightsForUser(hManager, psd, lpszUserName);
      AuthzFreeResourceManager(hManager);
   }
   else
      wprintf_s(_T("AuthzInitializeResourceManager failed with %d\n"), GetLastError());
}


void wmain(int argc, wchar_t *argv[])
{
   DWORD                dw;
   PACL                 pacl;
   PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR psd;
   PSID                 psid = NULL; 

   if (argc != 3)
   {
      wprintf_s(L"Usage: FileOrFolderName UserOrGroupName\n");
      wprintf_s(L"Usage: FileOrFolderName UserOrGroupName\n");
      return;
   }
  

    dw = GetNamedSecurityInfo(argv[1], SE_FILE_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION | 
      OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
      GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION, NULL, NULL, &pacl, NULL, &psd);
   if (dw != ERROR_SUCCESS)
   {  printf("couldn't do getnamedsecinfo \n");
      DisplayError("GetNamedSecurityInfo", dw);
   }

   
   UseAuthzSolution(psd, argv[2]);


   if(psid != NULL)
      {
          LocalFree(psid);
          psid = NULL;
      };

   LocalFree(psd);
}

注意

aclapi.h 標頭會根據 UNICODE 預處理器常數的定義，將 GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl 定義為自動選取此函式的 ANSI 或 Unicode 版本。混合使用編碼中性別名與非編碼中性的程序代碼，可能會導致編譯或運行時間錯誤不符。如需詳細資訊，請參閱函式原型的慣例。

要求

要求	價值
最低支援的用戶端	Windows XP [僅限傳統型應用程式]
支援的最低伺服器	Windows Server 2003 [僅限傳統型應用程式]
目標平臺	窗戶
標頭	aclapi.h
連結庫	Advapi32.lib
DLL	Advapi32.dll