1.1 Glossary

This document uses the following terms:

accelerator key: Any combination of keys that are pressed simultaneously to run a command.

allocated command: A built-in command that requires the user to specify a value for a parameter when customizing the command.

anchor: A set of qualifiers and quantifiers that specifies the location of an element or object within a document. These values are typically relative to another element or known location in the document, such as the edge of a page or margin.

annotation bookmark: An entity in a document that is used to denote the range of content to which a comment applies.

ASCII: The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is an 8-bit character-encoding scheme based on the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that work with text. ASCII refers to a single 8-bit ASCII character or an array of 8-bit ASCII characters with the high bit of each character set to zero.

Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF): A modified version of Backus-Naur Form (BNF), commonly used by Internet specifications. ABNF notation balances compactness and simplicity with reasonable representational power. ABNF differs from standard BNF in its definitions and uses of naming rules, repetition, alternatives, order-independence, and value ranges. For more information, see [RFC5234].

auto spacing: A condition in which space is inserted automatically before and after a series of consecutive paragraphs that do not have breaks or other items between them.

AutoCaption: A feature that adds a caption to an object automatically when the object is inserted in a document.

AutoCorrect: A feature that corrects errors and makes other substitutions in a document automatically by using default and user-defined settings.

auto-hyphenated: A condition of content where the distance between the text is measured and maintained to force breaks automatically in elongated words that would not otherwise end correctly on a line.

automark file: A file that stores the text, location, and index level of a set of characters that were marked for inclusion in a document index.

AutoSummary: A process in which key points are identified in selected text by analyzing document content. A score is assigned to each sentence; sentences that contain frequently used words are given a higher score.

AutoText: A storage location for text and graphics, such as a standard contract clause, that can be used multiple times in one or more documents. Each selection of text or graphics is recorded as an AutoText entry and assigned a unique name.

bar tab: A tab that specifies where to draw a vertical line or bar in a paragraph. It neither affects the position of characters nor creates a custom tab stop in a paragraph.

bidirectional compatibility: The ability to display and process text in two directions, right-to-left and left-to-right.

big-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the most significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest address.

bookmark: An entity that is used in a document to denote the beginning and ending character positions of specific text in the document, and optionally, metadata about that text or its relationship to other referenced parts of the document.

caption: One or more characters that can be used as a label for display purposes or as an identifier.

cascading style sheet (CSS): An extension to HTML that enables authors and users of HTML documents to attach style sheets to those documents, as described in [CSS-LEVEL1] and [CSS-LEVEL2]. A style sheet includes typographical information about the appearance of a page, including the font for text on the page.

cell: A box that is formed by the intersection of a row and a column in a worksheet or a table. A cell can contain numbers, strings, and formulas, and various formats can be applied to that data.

cell margin: A measurement of the distance between the border of a cell and the nearest pixel in a character or digit of data in the cell. There are top, bottom, right, and left margins. See also cell spacing.

cell spacing: A measurement of the distance between the cells of a table or worksheet. Most tables and worksheets are implemented with contiguous cells, in which case the cell spacing value is 0 (zero). See also cell margin.

CGAPI: An API that is implemented by grammar checkers that have been licensed to Microsoft Corporation by external vendors.

chapter numbering: A page numbering format in which pages are numbered relative to the beginning of a chapter within a document instead of the beginning of the document. The chapter number is typically included in a page number; for example "3 – 2," where "3" is the chapter number and "2" is the number of that page within that chapter.

character pitch: A quality that measures the number of characters that can be printed in a horizontal inch. Pitch is typically used to measure monospace fonts.

character set: A mapping between the characters of a written language and the values that are used to represent those characters to a computer.

character unit: A horizontal unit of measurement that is relative to the document grid and is used to position content in a document.

class identifier (CLSID): A GUID that identifies a software component; for instance, a DCOM object class or a COM class.

code page: An ordered set of characters of a specific script in which a numerical index (code-point value) is associated with each character. Code pages are a means of providing support for character sets and keyboard layouts used in different countries. Devices such as the display and keyboard can be configured to use a specific code page and to switch from one code page (such as the United States) to another (such as Portugal) at the user's request.

Component Object Model (COM): An object-oriented programming model that defines how objects interact within a single process or between processes. In COM, clients have access to an object through interfaces implemented on the object. For more information, see [MS-DCOM].

connection string: A series of arguments, delimited by a semicolon, that defines the location of a database and how to connect to it.

custom toolbar: A type of toolbar that contains a user-defined set of controls and is not included in an application by default. A custom toolbar has a toolbar identifier value of "1".

custom toolbar control: A user-defined control that can be added to a toolbar. A custom toolbar control has a toolbar control identifier (TCID) value of "1" and can be one of the following types of controls: ActiveX, Button, ComboBox, DropDown, Edit, or Popup.

deletion point: A position between two existing characters, or a position before or after a character, where text was removed. If a caret is positioned at a deletion point, the point can retain unique formatting and that formatting can be reapplied to any text that is inserted at the deletion point.

digital signature: A value that is generated by using a digital signature algorithm, taking as input a private key and an arbitrary-length string, such that a specific verification algorithm is satisfied by the value, the input string, and the public key corresponding to the input private key.

document: An object in a content database such as a file, folder, list, or site. Each object is identified by a URI.

document grid: A feature that enables the precise layout of full-width East Asian language characters by specifying the number of characters per line and the number of lines per page.

document template: A file that serves as the basis for new documents.

East Asian character: A character that is part of the Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, or Korean character set.

East Asian language: A spoken or written communication that consists of words that are used within the grammatical and syntactic structure of Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, or Korean.

East Asian line breaking rules: A set of algorithms that define how text is parsed and displayed to ensure that line breaks and word wraps follow the rules of various East Asian languages, including Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.

end of cell mark: A character with a hexadecimal value of "0x07" that is used to indicate the end of a cell in a table.

end of row mark: The combination of a character, hexadecimal value of "0x07", and a paragraph property, sprmPFTtp, that is used to indicate the end of a row in a table.

endnote: A note that appears at the end of a section or document and that is referenced by text in the main body of the document. An endnote consists of two linked parts, a reference mark within the main body of text and the corresponding text of the note.

endnote continuation notice: A set of characters indicating that an endnote continues to the next page. The default notice is blank.

endnote continuation separator: A set of characters that indicates the end of document text on a page and the beginning of endnotes that continue from the preceding page.

endnote separator: A set of characters that separates document text from endnotes about that text. The default separator is a horizontal line.

field: An element or attribute in a data source that can contain data.

field type: A name that identifies the action or effect that a field has within a document. Examples of field types are Author, Page, Comments, and Date.

file allocation table (FAT): A data structure that the operating system creates when a volume is formatted by using FAT or FAT32 file systems. The operating system stores information about each file in the FAT so that it can retrieve the file later.

footer: One or more lines of text in the bottom margin area of a page in a document or a slide in a presentation. A footer typically contains elements such as the page number and the name of the file.

footnote: A note that appears at the end of a page, section, chapter, or publication. It explains, comments on, or provides references for text in the main body of a document. A footnote consists of two linked parts, a reference mark within the main body of the document and the corresponding text of the note.

footnote continuation notice: A set of characters indicating that a footnote continues to the next page. The default notice is blank.

footnote continuation separator: A set of characters that indicates the end of document text on a page and the beginning of footnotes that continue from the preceding page.

footnote separator: A set of characters that separates document text from footnotes about that text. The default separator is a horizontal line.

form field: A data-entry area on a webpage, document, or form.

format consistency checker: An application that applies a wavy blue underline to text where the formatting is similar, but not identical, to comparable text in a document.

format consistency-checker bookmark: An entity in a document that is used to denote text where the formatting is similar, but not identical, to comparable text in the document, and the user indicated that the formatting inconsistency is not to be flagged.

frame: A space, displayed onscreen as a box, that contains a specific element of a publication.

full save: A process in which an existing file is overwritten with all of the additions, changes, and other content in a document.

full screen view: A document view that expands the display of a document to fill the computer screen. The view hides menus, toolbars, and taskbars.

grammar checker: An application that uses default or user-defined settings to search for grammatical errors in a document.

grammar checker cookie: An entity in a document that a grammar checker uses to denote a possible grammatical error in the document and data about that error.

gutter: An area above a column heading and to the left of a row heading. A gutter typically displays outline symbols that are used to expand and collapse groups of cells.

gutter margin: A margin setting that adds extra space to the side or top margin of a document that will be printed and bound. A gutter margin ensures that text is not obscured by the binding.

Hangul-Hanja converter (HHC): A collection of dictionaries that readers can use to search for and select a Hanja word that corresponds to a specified Hangul word, or a Hangul word that corresponds to a specified Hanja word.

header: A line, or lines, of content in the top margin area of a page in a document or a slide in a presentation. A header typically contains elements such as the title of the chapter, the title of the document, a page number, or the name of the author.

heading style: A type of paragraph style that also specifies a heading level. There are as many as nine built-in heading styles, Heading 1 through Heading 9.

horizontal band: A set of rows in a table that are treated as a single unit, typically to ensure the consistency of the layout and the format.

HTML image map: An image that contains more than one hyperlink on a webpage. Clicking various parts of the image links the user to other resources on another part of the page, a different page, or a file.

hybrid list: A nine-level list that is exposed in the user interface as a collection of nine, one-level lists, instead of a single nine-level list.

Hyperlink view: A document view that displays a document as it would appear as a webpage.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): An application of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) that uses tags to mark elements in a document, as described in [HTML].

incremental save: A process in which an existing file is modified to reflect only additions or changes to a document, while maintaining all other existing content in the file.

Input Method Editor (IME): An application that is used to enter characters in written Asian languages by using a standard 101-key keyboard. An IME consists of both an engine that converts keystrokes into phonetic and ideographic characters and a dictionary of commonly used ideographic words.

insertion point: A position between two existing characters, or a position before or after a character, where text can be inserted. If a caret is positioned at an insertion point, the point can have unique formatting, which is applied to any text that is inserted at the insertion point.

kinsoku: A rule set in the Japanese language that is used to determine characters that are not permitted at the beginning or end of a line.

Kumimoji: A text layout setting that displays annotative characters inline next to the text to which they apply. It is typically used with East Asian text to indicate pronunciation.

labels document: A document that stores label design and printing information in conjunction with a mail merge document.

language auto-detection: A process that automatically determines the language code identifier (LCID) for text in a document.

left-to-right: A reading order in which characters in words are read from left to right, and words are read from left to right in sentences.

line numbers: A formatting property in which each line of text is prefixed with a sequential number as part of a larger collection of lines on a page.

line unit: A vertical unit of measurement that is relative to the document grid and is used to position content in a document.

list level: A condition of a paragraph that specifies which numbering system and indentation to use, relative to other paragraphs in a bulleted or numbered list.

list tab: A tab stop that is between a list number or bullet and the text of that list item.

little-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the least significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest address.

logical left: A position that is relative to the language orientation of a document. Logical left means left, except in a right-to-left language where it means right. Also referred to as leading edge.

logical right: A position that is relative to the language orientation of a document. Logical right means right, except in a right-to-left language where it means left. Also referred to as trailing edge.

macro: A set of instructions that are recorded or written, and then typically saved to a file. When a macro is run, all of the instructions are performed automatically.

mail merge: The process of merging information into a document from a data source, such as an address book or database, to create customized documents, such as form letters or mailing labels.

mail merge data source: A file or address book that contains the information to be merged into a document during a mail merge operation.

mail merge header document: A file that contains the names of the fields in a mail merge data source.

mail merge main document: A document that contains the text and graphics that are the same for each version of the merged document, such as the return address or salutation in a form letter.

manifest: A file that stores metadata about an expansion pack, such as the name of the expansion pack, the files and resources that are included in the expansion pack, and the dependencies that it has on other files and components.

master document: A document that refers to or contains one or more other documents, which are referred to as subdocuments. A master document can be used to configure and manage a multipart document, such as a book with multiple chapters.

menu toolbar: A type of toolbar that is displayed in an application window, typically at the top, and provides a set of menu controls from which the user can select. Activating a control on the toolbar displays a list of commands in that menu, and the menu remains open until the user closes it or chooses a menu command.

message identifier: A string that uniquely identifies an email message.

NLCheck: An API that is implemented by grammar checkers that were developed by Microsoft  Corporation.

Normal template: The default global template that is used for any type of document. Users can modify this template to change default document formatting, or content for any new document.

Normal view: A document view that displays text formatting and a simplified page layout of a document. The Normal view hides some layout elements such as the header and footer. Referred to as Draft view in Microsoft Office Word 2007 and Microsoft Word 2010.

NT file system (NTFS): A proprietary Microsoft file system. For more information, see [MSFT-NTFS].

number text: A string that is calculated automatically and represents the numbering scheme and position of a paragraph in a bulleted or numbered list.

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE): A technology for transferring and sharing information between applications by inserting a file or part of a file into a compound document. The inserted file can be either embedded or linked. See also embedded object and linked object.

OLE compound file: A form of structured storage, as described in [MS-CFB]. A compound file allows independent storages and streams to exist within a single file.

OLE control: A reusable software component that is designed to work in containers that support Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) 2.0.

OLE object: An object that supports the Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) protocol.

outline level: A type of paragraph formatting that can be used to assign a hierarchical level, Level 1 through Level 9, to paragraphs in a document. After outline levels are assigned, an outline of a document can be viewed by using Outline view, the document map, or the navigation pane.

page border: A line that can be applied to the outer edge of a page in a document. A page border can be formatted for style, color, and thickness.

paragraph mark: An entity in a document that is used to denote the end of a paragraph and has a Unicode character code of 13.

paragraph style: A combination of character- and paragraph-formatting characteristics that are named and stored as a set. Users can select a paragraph and use a paragraph style to apply all of the formatting characteristics to the paragraph simultaneously.

personal style: A list of formatting settings that is applied to a document or an Internet message when it is opened or created by a specific user on a specific computer. The settings are associated with a user and a computer.

physical left: A leftward position that is not relative to the language orientation of document content. See also logical left.

physical right: A rightward position that is not relative to the language orientation of document content. See also logical right.

point: A unit of measurement for fonts and spacing. A point is equal to 1/72 of an inch.

policy labels: A set of fields that stores metadata about a document and is defined by an information management policy.

primary shortcut key: The default combination of keys that are pressed simultaneously to execute a command. See also secondary shortcut key.

Print Preview view: A document view that displays a document as it will appear on a printed page.

ProgID: An identifier that is used by the Windows registry to uniquely identify an object and is in the form OLEServerName.ObjectName, for example, "Excel.Sheet" or "PowerPoint.Slide."

property revision mark: A type of revision mark indicating that one or more formatting properties, such as bold, indentation, or spacing, changed.

range-level protection: A mechanism that permits users to change only specific parts of a protected document while restricting access to all other parts of the document. See also range-level protection bookmark.

range-level protection bookmark: An entity in a document that is used to denote a range of content that is an exception to a document-level protection setting.

Reading Layout view: A document view that displays a document as it will appear on a printed page and is optimized for reading a document on a computer screen. Two pages are displayed simultaneously, side-by-side.

repair bookmark: An entity in a document that is used to denote text that was changed automatically during a document repair operation.

rich text: Text that is formatted in the Rich Text Format, as described in [MSFT-RTF].

Rich Text Format (RTF): Text with formatting as described in [MSFT-RTF].

right-to-left: A reading and display order that is optimized for right-to-left languages.

Ruby: A text layout setting that displays annotative characters above or to the right of the text to which it applies. It is typically used in East Asian documents to indicate pronunciation or to provide a brief annotation.

ScreenTip: A small pop-up window that provides brief context-sensitive help when users point to an item.

secondary shortcut key: A user-defined combination of keys that are pressed simultaneously to execute a command. See also primary shortcut key.

section: A portion of a document that is terminated by a section break or the end of the document. A section can store unique, page-level formatting, such as page size and orientation, and other formatting features such as headers and footers.

section break: A special character that terminates a section and acts as a repository for the properties of the specified section.

shading pattern: A background color pattern against which characters and graphics are displayed, typically in tables. The color can be no color or it can be a specific color with a transparency or pattern value.

smart tag: A feature that adds the ability to recognize and label specific data types, such as people's names, within a document and displays an action button that enables users to perform common tasks for that data type.

smart tag bookmark: An entity in a document that is used to denote the location and presence of a smart tag.

smart tag recognizer: An add-in that can interpret a specific type of smart tag, such as an address or a financial symbol, in a document and display an action button that enables users to perform common tasks for that data type.

South Asian language: A spoken or written communication consisting of words that are used within the grammatical and syntactic structure of a language of southern Asia, such as Hindi, Urdu, or Tamil.

structured document tag: An entity in a document that is used to denote content that is stored as XML data.

structured document tag bookmark: An entity in a document that is used to denote the location and presence of a structured document tag.

style: A set of formatting options that is applied to text, tables, charts, and other objects in a document.

subdocument: A document that can be referred to or inserted into another document. Subdocuments can be referenced by master documents and other subdocuments.

table depth: An indicator that specifies how tables are nested and how to display paragraphs within those tables. The depth is derived from values that are applied to paragraph marks, cell marks, or table-terminating paragraph marks. A paragraph that is not in a table has a table depth of "0" (zero); a nested table has a table depth of one greater than the cell that contains it.

table style: A set of formatting options, such as font, border formatting, and row banding, that are applied to a table. The regions of a table, such as the header row, header column, and data area, can be variously formatted.

Tatenakayoko: A text layout setting that displays a range of text perpendicular (horizontal) to the flow of other text (vertical).

toolbar: A row, column, or block of controls that represent tasks or commands within an application. A toolbar can be either a menu toolbar, which provides access to menu commands, or a basic toolbar, which contains buttons that provide shortcuts to tasks that are frequently accessed from menus.

toolbar control: An object that appears on a toolbar and enables user interaction or input, typically to initiate an action, display information, or set values.

toolbar control identifier (TCID): An integer that identifies a specific control on a toolbar.

toolbar delta: A file component that stores a modification that a user made to a built-in toolbar. Stored modifications include adding, changing, or removing a control from a built-in toolbar.

TrueType font: A type of computer font that can be scaled to any size. TrueType fonts are clear and readable in all sizes and can be sent to any printer or other output device.

twip: A unit of measurement that is used in typesetting and desktop publishing. It equals one-twentieth of a printer's point, or 1/1440 of an inch.

Unicode: A character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of the written languages of the world. The Unicode standard [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] provides three forms (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32) and seven schemes (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16 BE, UTF-16 LE, UTF-32, UTF-32 LE, and UTF-32 BE).

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): A string that identifies a resource. The URI is an addressing mechanism defined in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax [RFC3986].

Universal Input Method (UIM): An application or service that provides multilingual support and delivers text services such as keyboard processors, handwriting recognition, and speech recognition

Vector Markup Language (VML): A system of marking up or tagging two-dimensional vector graphics for publication on the World Wide Web. VML graphics are scalable and editable, and typically require less disk space and less time to download.

vertical band: A set of columns in a table that are treated as a single unit, typically for the purpose of layout and formatting consistency.

virtual key code: A symbolic constant name, hexadecimal value, or mouse or keyboard equivalent that provides a hardware- and language-independent method of identifying keyboard keys. Each virtual key code represents a unique keyboard key and also identifies the purpose of that key. The keyboard driver provides one or more keyboard layouts that maps keyboard scan codes to the appropriate virtual key codes.

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA): A macro-based programming language that derives from Microsoft Visual Basic and can be used to customize and extend an application. Unlike Visual Basic, Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) code and macros can be run only from within a host application that supports VBA.

Warichu: A text layout setting that creates two sublines within a line and stacks text equally between those sublines. One subline contains the text proper and the other subline contains comments, notes, and annotations about that text.

Web Layout view: A view of a document as it might appear in a web browser. For example, the document appears as only one page, without page breaks.

word wrap: The process of breaking lines of text automatically to stay within the page margins of a document or window boundaries.

Word97 compatibility mode: An application mode that prevents users from applying formatting and other document features and settings that are not supported in Microsoft Word 97 or earlier versions of Word.

write-reservation password: A sequence of characters that need to be entered to modify a document.

XML: The Extensible Markup Language, as described in [XML1.0].

XML schema definition (XSD): The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard language that is used in defining XML schemas. Schemas are useful for enforcing structure and constraining the types of data that can be used validly within other XML documents. XML schema definition refers to the fully specified and currently recommended standard for use in authoring XML schemas.

MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.