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Connect-PSSession

  • Reference
Module:
Microsoft.PowerShell.Core

Reconnects to disconnected sessions.

Syntax

Connect-PSSession
       -Name <String[]>
       [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
       [-WhatIf]
       [-Confirm]
       [<CommonParameters>]
Connect-PSSession
       [-Session] <PSSession[]>
       [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
       [-WhatIf]
       [-Confirm]
       [<CommonParameters>]
Connect-PSSession
       -ComputerName <String[]>
       [-ApplicationName <String>]
       [-ConfigurationName <String>]
       -InstanceId <Guid[]>
       [-Credential <PSCredential>]
       [-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>]
       [-CertificateThumbprint <String>]
       [-Port <Int32>]
       [-UseSSL]
       [-SessionOption <PSSessionOption>]
       [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
       [-WhatIf]
       [-Confirm]
       [<CommonParameters>]
Connect-PSSession
       -ComputerName <String[]>
       [-ApplicationName <String>]
       [-ConfigurationName <String>]
       [-Name <String[]>]
       [-Credential <PSCredential>]
       [-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>]
       [-CertificateThumbprint <String>]
       [-Port <Int32>]
       [-UseSSL]
       [-SessionOption <PSSessionOption>]
       [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
       [-WhatIf]
       [-Confirm]
       [<CommonParameters>]
Connect-PSSession
       [-ConfigurationName <String>]
       [-ConnectionUri] <Uri[]>
       [-AllowRedirection]
       -InstanceId <Guid[]>
       [-Credential <PSCredential>]
       [-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>]
       [-CertificateThumbprint <String>]
       [-SessionOption <PSSessionOption>]
       [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
       [-WhatIf]
       [-Confirm]
       [<CommonParameters>]
Connect-PSSession
       [-ConfigurationName <String>]
       [-ConnectionUri] <Uri[]>
       [-AllowRedirection]
       [-Name <String[]>]
       [-Credential <PSCredential>]
       [-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>]
       [-CertificateThumbprint <String>]
       [-SessionOption <PSSessionOption>]
       [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
       [-WhatIf]
       [-Confirm]
       [<CommonParameters>]
Connect-PSSession
       -InstanceId <Guid[]>
       [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
       [-WhatIf]
       [-Confirm]
       [<CommonParameters>]
Connect-PSSession
       [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
       [-Id] <Int32[]>
       [-WhatIf]
       [-Confirm]
       [<CommonParameters>]

Description

This cmdlet is only available on the Windows platform.

The Connect-PSSession cmdlet reconnects to user-managed PowerShell sessions (PSSessions) that were disconnected. It works on sessions that are disconnected intentionally, such as by using the Disconnect-PSSession cmdlet or the InDisconnectedSession parameter of the Invoke-Command cmdlet, and those that were disconnected unintentionally, such as by a temporary network outage.

Connect-PSSession can connect to any disconnected session that was started by the same user. These include those that were started by or disconnected from other sessions on other computers.

However, Connect-PSSession cannot connect to broken or closed sessions, or interactive sessions started by using the Enter-PSSession cmdlet. Also you cannot connect sessions to sessions started by other users, unless you can provide the credentials of the user who created the session.

For more information about the Disconnected Sessions feature, see about_Remote_Disconnected_Sessions.

This cmdlet was introduced in Windows PowerShell 3.0.

Examples

Example 1: Reconnect to a session

PS C:\> Connect-PSSession -ComputerName Server01 -Name ITTask
Id Name            ComputerName    State         ConfigurationName     Availability
-- ----            ------------    -----         -----------------     ------------
 4 ITTask          Server01        Opened        ITTasks                  Available

This command reconnects to the ITTask session on the Server01 computer.

The output shows that the command was successful. The State of the session is Opened and the Availability is Available, which indicates that you can run commands in the session.

Example 2: Effect of disconnecting and reconnecting

PS C:\> Get-PSSession

Id Name            ComputerName    State         ConfigurationName     Availability
-- ----            ------------    -----         -----------------     ------------
 1 Backups         Localhost       Opened        Microsoft.PowerShell     Available


PS C:\> Get-PSSession | Disconnect-PSSession

Id Name            ComputerName    State         ConfigurationName     Availability
-- ----            ------------    -----         -----------------     ------------
 1 Backups         Localhost       Disconnected  Microsoft.PowerShell          None


PS C:\> Get-PSSession | Connect-PSSession

Id Name            ComputerName    State         ConfigurationName     Availability
-- ----            ------------    -----         -----------------     ------------
 1 Backups         Localhost       Opened        Microsoft.PowerShell     Available

This example shows the effect of disconnecting and then reconnecting to a session.

The first command uses the Get-PSSession cmdlet. Without the ComputerName parameter, the command gets only sessions that were created in the current session.

The output shows that the command gets the Backups session on the local computer. The State of the session is Opened and the Availability is Available.

The second command uses the Get-PSSession cmdlet to get the PSSession objects that were created in the current session and the Disconnect-PSSession cmdlet to disconnect the sessions. The output shows that the Backups session was disconnected. The State of the session is Disconnected and the Availability is None.

The third command uses the Get-PSSession cmdlet to get the PSSession objects that were created in the current session and the Connect-PSSession cmdlet to reconnect the sessions. The output shows that the Backups session was reconnected. The State of the session is Opened and the Availability is Available.

If you use the Connect-PSSession cmdlet on a session that is not disconnected, the command does not affect the session and it does not generate any errors.

Example 3: Series of commands in an enterprise scenario

This series of commands shows how the Connect-PSSession cmdlet might be used in an enterprise scenario. In this case, a system administrator starts a long-running job in a session on a remote computer. After starting the job, the administrator disconnects from the session and goes home. Later that evening, the administrator logs on to her home computer and verifies that the job ran until it is completed.

The administrator starts by creating a sessions on a remote computer and running a script in the session.The first command uses the New-PSSession cmdlet to create the ITTask session on the Server01 remote computer. The command uses the ConfigurationName parameter to specify the ITTasks session configuration. The command saves the sessions in the $s variable.

The second command Invoke-Command cmdlet to start a background job in the session in the $s variable. It uses the FilePath parameter to run the script in the background job.

The third command uses the Disconnect-PSSession cmdlet to disconnect from the session in the $s variable. The command uses the OutputBufferingMode parameter with a value of Drop to prevent the script from being blocked by having to deliver output to the session. It uses the IdleTimeoutSec parameter to extend the session time-out to 15 hours. When the command is completed, the administrator locks her computer and goes home for the evening.

Later that evening, the administrator starts her home computer, logs on to the corporate network, and starts PowerShell. The fourth command uses the Get-PSSession cmdlet to get the sessions on the Server01 computer. The command finds the ITTask session. The fifth command uses the Connect-PSSession cmdlet to connect to the ITTask session. The command saves the session in the $s variable.

The sixth command uses the Invoke-Command cmdlet to run a Get-Job command in the session in the $s variable. The output shows that the job finished successfully.The seventh command uses the Invoke-Command cmdlet to run a Receive-Job command in the session in the $s variable in the session. The command saves the results in the $BackupSpecs variable.The eighth command uses the Invoke-Command cmdlet to runs another script in the session. The command uses the value of the $BackupSpecs variable in the session as input to the script.

PS C:\> $s = New-PSSession -ComputerName Server01 -Name ITTask -ConfigurationName ITTasks
PS C:\> Invoke-Command -Session $s {Start-Job -FilePath \\Server30\Scripts\Backup-SQLDatabase.ps1}

Id     Name            State         HasMoreData     Location             Command
--     ----            -----         -----------     --------             -------
2      Job2            Running       True            Server01             \\Server30\Scripts\Backup...

PS C:\> Disconnect-PSSession -Session $s -OutputBufferingMode Drop -IdleTimeoutSec 60*60*15

Id Name            ComputerName    State         ConfigurationName     Availability
-- ----            ------------    -----         -----------------     ------------
 1 ITTask          Server01        Disconnected  ITTasks               None

PS C:\> Get-PSSession -ComputerName Server01 -Name ITTask

Id Name            ComputerName    State         ConfigurationName     Availability
-- ----            ------------    -----         -----------------     ------------
 1 ITTask          Server01        Disconnected  ITTasks               None


PS C:\> $s = Connect-PSSession -ComputerName Server01 -Name ITTask


Id Name            ComputerName    State         ConfigurationName     Availability
-- ----            ------------    -----         -----------------     ------------
 1 ITTask          Server01        Opened        ITTasks               Available

PS C:\> Invoke-Command -Session $s {Get-Job}

Id     Name            State         HasMoreData     Location             Command
--     ----            -----         -----------     --------             -------
2      Job2            Completed     True            Server01             \\Server30\Scripts\Backup...

PS C:\> Invoke-Command -Session $s {$BackupSpecs = Receive-Job -JobName Job2}

PS C:\> Invoke-Command -Session $s {\\Server30\Scripts\New-SQLDatabase.ps1 -InitData $BackupSpecs.Initialization}

PS C:\> Disconnect-PSSession -Session $s -OutputBufferingMode Drop -IdleTimeoutSec 60*60*15
Id Name            ComputerName    State         ConfigurationName     Availability
-- ----            ------------    -----         -----------------     ------------
 1 ITTask          Server01        Disconnected  ITTasks               None

The ninth command disconnects from the session in the $s variable. The administrator closes nd disconnects from the session in the $s variable.The administrator closes PowerShell and closes the computer. She can reconnect to the session on the next day and check the script status from her work computer.

Parameters

-AllowRedirection

Indicates that this cmdlet allows redirection of this connection to an alternate URI.

When you use the ConnectionURI parameter, the remote destination can return an instruction to redirect to a different URI. By default, PowerShell does not redirect connections, but you can use this parameter to allow it to redirect the connection.

You can also limit the number of times the connection is redirected by changing the MaximumConnectionRedirectionCount session option value. Use the MaximumRedirection parameter of the New-PSSessionOption cmdlet or set the MaximumConnectionRedirectionCount property of the $PSSessionOption preference variable. The default value is 5.

Type:SwitchParameter
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-ApplicationName

Specifies the name of an application. This cmdlet connects only to sessions that use the specified application.

Enter the application name segment of the connection URI. For example, in the following connection URI, the application name is WSMan: http://localhost:5985/WSMAN. The application name of a session is stored in the Runspace.ConnectionInfo.AppName property of the session.

The value of this parameter is used to select and filter sessions. It does not change the application that the session uses.

Type:String
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:True
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Authentication

Specifies the mechanism that is used to authenticate user credentials in the command to reconnect to the disconnected session. The acceptable values for this parameter are:

  • Default
  • Basic
  • Credssp
  • Digest
  • Kerberos
  • Negotiate
  • NegotiateWithImplicitCredential

The default value is Default.

For more information about the values of this parameter, see AuthenticationMechanism Enumeration.

Caution

Credential Security Support Provider (CredSSP) authentication, in which the user's credentials are passed to a remote computer to be authenticated, is designed for commands that require authentication on more than one resource, such as accessing a remote network share. This mechanism increases the security risk of the remote operation. If the remote computer is compromised, the credentials that are passed to it can be used to control the network session.

Type:AuthenticationMechanism
Accepted values:Default, Basic, Negotiate, NegotiateWithImplicitCredential, Credssp, Digest, Kerberos
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-CertificateThumbprint

Specifies the digital public key certificate (X509) of a user account that has permission to connect to the disconnected session. Enter the certificate thumbprint of the certificate.

Certificates are used in client certificate-based authentication. They can be mapped only to local user accounts. They do not work with domain accounts.

To get a certificate thumbprint, use a Get-Item or Get-ChildItem command in the PowerShell Cert: drive.

Type:String
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-ComputerName

Specifies the computers on which the disconnected sessions are stored. Sessions are stored on the computer that is at the server-side or receiving end of a connection. The default is the local computer.

Type the NetBIOS name, an IP address, or a fully qualified domain name of one computer. Wildcard characters are not permitted. To specify the local computer, type the computer name, localhost, or a dot (.)

Type:String[]
Aliases:Cn
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:True
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-ConfigurationName

Connects only to sessions that use the specified session configuration.

Enter a configuration name or the fully qualified resource URI for a session configuration. If you specify only the configuration name, the following schema URI is prepended: http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell. The configuration name of a session is stored in the ConfigurationName property of the session.

The value of this parameter is used to select and filter sessions. It does not change the session configuration that the session uses.

For more information about session configurations, see about_Session_Configurations.

Type:String
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:True
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Confirm

Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

Type:SwitchParameter
Aliases:cf
Position:Named
Default value:False
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-ConnectionUri

Specifies the URIs of the connection endpoints for the disconnected sessions.

The URI must be fully qualified. The format of this string is as follows:

<Transport>://<ComputerName>:<Port>/<ApplicationName>

The default value is as follows:

http://localhost:5985/WSMAN

If you do not specify a connection URI, you can use the UseSSL and Port parameters to specify the connection URI values.

Valid values for the Transport segment of the URI are HTTP and HTTPS. If you specify a connection URI with a Transport segment, but do not specify a port, the session is created with standards ports: 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS. To use the default ports for PowerShell remoting, specify port 5985 for HTTP or 5986 for HTTPS.

If the destination computer redirects the connection to a different URI, PowerShell prevents the redirection unless you use the AllowRedirection parameter in the command.

Type:Uri[]
Aliases:URI, CU
Position:0
Default value:None
Required:True
Accept pipeline input:True
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Credential

Specifies a user account that has permission to connect to the disconnected session. The default is the current user.

Type a username, such as User01 or Domain01\User01, or enter a PSCredential object generated by the Get-Credential cmdlet. If you type a user name, you're prompted to enter the password.

Credentials are stored in a PSCredential object and the password is stored as a SecureString.

Note

For more information about SecureString data protection, see How secure is SecureString?.

Type:PSCredential
Position:Named
Default value:Current user
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Id

Specifies the IDs of the disconnected sessions. The Id parameter works only when the disconnected session was previously connected to the current session.

This parameter is valid, but not effective, when the session is stored on the local computer, but was not connected to the current session.

Type:Int32[]
Position:0
Default value:None
Required:True
Accept pipeline input:True
Accept wildcard characters:False

-InstanceId

Specifies the instance IDs of the disconnected sessions.

The instance ID is a GUID that uniquely identifies a PSSession on a local or remote computer.

The instance ID is stored in the InstanceID property of the PSSession.

Type:Guid[]
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:True
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Name

Specifies the friendly names of the disconnected sessions.

Type:String[]
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Port

Specifies the network port on the remote computer that is used to reconnect to the session. To connect to a remote computer, the remote computer must be listening on the port that the connection uses. The default ports are 5985, which is the WinRM port for HTTP, and 5986, which is the WinRM port for HTTPS.

Before using an alternate port, you must configure the WinRM listener on the remote computer to listen at that port. To configure the listener, type the following two commands at the PowerShell prompt:

Remove-Item -Path WSMan:\Localhost\listener\listener* -Recurse

New-Item -Path WSMan:\Localhost\listener -Transport http -Address * -Port \<port-number\>

Do not use the Port parameter unless you must. The port that is set in the command applies to all computers or sessions on which the command runs. An alternate port setting might prevent the command from running on all computers.

Type:Int32
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Session

Specifies the disconnected sessions. Enter a variable that contains the PSSession objects or a command that creates or gets the PSSession objects, such as a Get-PSSession command.

Type:PSSession[]
Position:0
Default value:None
Required:True
Accept pipeline input:True
Accept wildcard characters:False

-SessionOption

Specifies advanced options for the session. Enter a SessionOption object, such as one that you create by using the New-PSSessionOption cmdlet, or a hash table in which the keys are session option names and the values are session option values.

The default values for the options are determined by the value of the $PSSessionOption preference variable, if it is set. Otherwise, the default values are established by options set in the session configuration.

The session option values take precedence over default values for sessions set in the $PSSessionOption preference variable and in the session configuration. However, they do not take precedence over maximum values, quotas or limits set in the session configuration.

For a description of the session options that includes the default values, see New-PSSessionOption. For information about the $PSSessionOption preference variable, see about_Preference_Variables. For more information about session configurations, see about_Session_Configurations.

Type:PSSessionOption
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-ThrottleLimit

Specifies the maximum number of concurrent connections that can be established to run this command. If you omit this parameter or enter a value of 0, the default value, 32, is used.

The throttle limit applies only to the current command, not to the session or to the computer.

Type:Int32
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-UseSSL

Indicates that this cmdlet uses the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol to connect to the disconnected session. By default, SSL is not used.

WS-Management encrypts all PowerShell content transmitted over the network. The UseSSL parameter is an additional protection that sends the data across an HTTPS connection instead of an HTTP connection.

If you use this parameter, but SSL is not available on the port that is used for the command, the command fails.

Type:SwitchParameter
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-WhatIf

Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

Type:SwitchParameter
Aliases:wi
Position:Named
Default value:False
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

Inputs

PSSession

You can pipe a session (PSSession) to this cmdlet.

Outputs

PSSession

This cmdlet returns an object that represents the session to which it reconnected.

Notes

  • This cmdlet is only available on Windows platforms.

  • Connect-PSSession reconnects only to sessions that are disconnected, that is, sessions that have a value of Disconnected for the State property. Only sessions that are connected to, or end at, computers that run Windows PowerShell 3.0 or later versions can be disconnected and reconnected.

  • If you use Connect-PSSession on a session that is not disconnected, the command does not affect the session and it does not generate errors.

  • Disconnected loopback sessions with interactive tokens, which are created by using the EnableNetworkAccess parameter, can be reconnected only from the computer on which the session was created. This restriction protects the computer from malicious access.

  • The value of the State property of a PSSession is relative to the current session. Therefore, a value of Disconnected means that the PSSession is not connected to the current session. However, it does not mean that the PSSession is disconnected from all sessions. It might be connected to a different session. To determine whether you can connect or reconnect to the session, use the Availability property.

    An Availability value of None indicates that you can connect to the session. A value of Busy indicates that you cannot connect to the PSSession because it is connected to another session.

    For more information about the values of the State property of sessions, see RunspaceState Enumeration.

    For more information about the values of the Availability property of sessions, see RunspaceAvailability Enumeration.

  • You cannot change the idle time-out value of a PSSession when you connect to the PSSession. The SessionOption parameter of Connect-PSSession takes a SessionOption object that has an IdleTimeout value. However, the IdleTimeout value of the SessionOption object and the IdleTimeout value of the $PSSessionOption variable are ignored when connecting to a PSSession.

    You can set and change the idle time-out of a PSSession when you create the PSSession, by using the New-PSSession or Invoke-Command cmdlets, and when you disconnect from the PSSession.

    The IdleTimeout property of a PSSession is critical to disconnected sessions, because it determines how long a disconnected session is maintained on the remote computer. Disconnected sessions are considered to be idle from the moment that they are disconnected, even if commands are running in the disconnected session.